1237. Chiitiko muRussia uye Mongol-wechiTatar joko

Nhoroondo Russia akapfuma akasiyana-siyana zvinhu zvaienderana dzapachivara kaleidoscope dzakawanda yaMakoronike zvapupu uye nezvizvarwa zvavo. The kuchinja uye imwe nguva inokosha yaiva 1237. Chiitiko muRussia, riri inozivikanwa iyi kunyanya munguva, yaiva chinhu kwete chete upenyu chavagari, asiwo mukuru nzira kare.

Creation Yechinwiwa Horde

1237 chakaratidza kutanga kukunda Russia nokuda eMongolia. The ezana XIII remakore rokutanga aizivikanwa kusikwa Golden Horde - vasina kuroora, iro raiva kamwe zvakasiyana uye kurarama upenyu hwavo pakati anongofamba ndudzi Mongolian steppes. Vamwe vavo vaipfeka dzinza zita "Tatars". Nokuti vagari Russia zvaireva chero madzinza yaiumba yevagari Yechinwiwa Horde.

Great Khan uye mutongi wehurumende rakaparidzirwa kuMongolian warlord Temujin (muna 1206), vakagamuchira zita Genghis Khan.

Nokushingaira mumaoko kana akakwanisa kusika hondo huru, iyo vakatanga hondo kukunda, tisingakanganisi pamusoro rusununguko pedyo ndima uye nyika. Ndaiva asingasiyi, uye Russia. remakore rechi13 yakanga "mutema" nokuda kwake.

Mauto kukunda Genghis Khan vaiva mugumisiro madzinza anongofamba ose pevafudzi kutsvaka kwemafuro matsva. ari Mongol-Tatars asati asvika Russia, vakanga akakundawo mundima Central Asia. Hondo vachangobva kusikwa mamiriro kuwedzera mari inoshandiswa dzavo nzira kugamuchira pfungwa kutyisidzira romuvengi; vagere vakakunda rinoti utsinye vakaparadza varwi Genghis Khan vake kuzobatsira vanamukoti.

Chii chakaitika muna 1237?

The guru rokutanga kurwisana wokuRussia uye hondo Genghis Khan kwakaitika muna 1223 pamusoro murwizi Kalka.

Feudal kusabatana, mukurwisana pakati pamachinda uye kushaya munhu aigona kubatana uye nounyanzvi kushandisa yevagari munyika, zvakakonzera chokwadi kuti hondo chakarasika. Zvinotyisa nguva vauya Russia. remakore rechi13 anyorwa reropa ingi munhoroondo wehurumende ichi.

Mongol-Tatars haana kugumira ipapo uye akaramba kutamira Europe. Hondo rinotungamirirwa unyanzvi mutungamiri uye muzukuru Genghis Khan - Batu. The anozivikanwa akanga 1237? Chiitiko muRussia, mberi nhevedzano shure uye vakakurirwa Russian, aiva riwedzere kuti kufora refu anokunda mauto.

Winter gore rino rakatanga pakatanga Yechinwiwa Horde muna Ryazan hugota. Chronicles vanoti kukombwa guta rakanga raitwa 5 kana 6 mazuva. Residents vakaedza kumira, asi musiyano iri nhamba yevanhu uye kukwanisa kurwa kwakanga kwakakura. Uyezve, Ryazan akadana kubatsira Prince Vladimir Mukuru, uyo, zvisinei, haana kuuya kuzonunura nevavakidzani vavo. Zvose izvi zvakaita kuti kuparadzwa Ryazan, uye ipapo mamwe maguta North-East uye South-West kweRussia.

On kuwa Ryazan inotiudza kuti "zvakaedza kuparadzwa ryazan", mumwe ane vatambi vakava Yevpaty Kolovrat, inozivikanwa ushingi hwake uye kurwisa kune wokupedzisira mweya pamusoro nechisimba. Pashure pokuparadzwa kweguta vakaungana Yevpaty vakapona vakavaparadza pamberi eMongolia. Muhondo, akaisa yakawanda varwi, asi pakupedzisira akafa kukudza zita rake, uye kusatya kwezvishongo Ryazan.

Kuenderera Mongol rutsigiro

Mushure Moscow uye Ryazan, Vladimir akanga akabatwa. Akunda nyika yokumusoro-kumabvazuva kweRussia, ivo eMongolia akadzokera kumba kuti vazorore uye vawane simba. Asi kare muna 1239 vakadzoka kutora pamusoro kumaodzanyemba kweRussia. Mugore iroro akawira Pereyaslavl uye Chernigov kweutongi, uye muna 1240 - Kyiv.

Zvakawanwa izvi kwemakore 240 refu hwakagadzwa Russia iri Mongol-wechiTatar joko, pasi pejoko vemo vanotambura zvose.

1237. Chiitiko muRussia: zvabuda

The nechisimba Tatars aiva chikonzero chokuti Russian nyika kure shure mune zveupfumi uye netsika kukura nyika dzokuEurope. Akanyangarika Crafts zhinji, izvo vagari anoita mupenyu pamberi vasvike vakundi. Ropa 1237, chiitiko muRussia kaienda anyatsoona aienda pamusoro kutsanangurwa ayo dzimwe mutemo, kwaita kuti zvinoderedza pakati vokukurukura zvemisoro yeRussia pamwe nedzimwe nyika. Zvino zvose kwokunze kwokubatana vave dzirambe chete Golden Horde. Mukuwedzera, vanhu Russia akamanikidzwa kubhadhara mutero kuna vakundi abhadhare dzinoparadza vachirwisa dzavo uye vachauraya zvavo utsinye.

Vanotyisa uye anoparadza nokuda Rus ukuru kwevanhu yavo yaiva nguva 1237-1240 gore. Chiitiko muRussia (kukunda Nyika Mongol-Tatars) zvakakonzera kuderera mudzimu chavagari, kumashure-nokuputsa mitero uye danyam kuti akaedza yekufadza Mongol-Tatars, pakatangwa simba kamwe anongofamba kwenguva refu, uye zvadaro akava kupfuura ngwizhingwi uye simba vanhu.