Aripi Kalka (rwizi)? Battle of Kalka River

Rich kukuru munhau Zaporozhye nyika. On mumwe wavo tichagara. Ndiyo hondo rokutanga varwi Russian pamwe wechiTatar-eMongolia. Gore Hondo Kalka River - 1223 pamwedzi - May. Hazvigoni kunzi tsime yakasimbiswa nzvimbo zvaitika. It anozivikanwa chete nokuda yaMakoronike chii rwizi Kalka.

Asi apo zvakakodzera kunzvera parwizi, parukangarahwe, kwaiva kurwisa musasa Mstislav Romanovich, Muchinda Kiev? Vaida kuti mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu Zaporozhye kare vakadai Arkhipkin uye Shovkun. tsvakurudzo mugumisiro kwave zvakawanikwa uye zvekungofungira vari ataurwa zvishomanana munyaya ino. Aaverenga, uchadzidza apo rwizi Kalka, maererano vaongorori izvi.

tsanangudzo pfupi pamusoro zviitiko akatangira kurwa

machinda Russian, sezvo vachiti vari yenhau akabatsira Polovtsy vari kutamburira hwavo Tatars, dzakatorwa pamusoro Dnieper mauto ayo panguva zambuko Protolche, kubva Khortytsya Island. Kukurira panguva iyi huru ehondo eMongolia, regiments Russian ndokupinda inowanzorimwa, ndokudzingirira kuenda. Mazuva masere gare gare, vakasvika panzvimbo rwizi hoyerera Kalka. Panguva iyoyo, pakanga mauto chikuru pakati eMongolia. Zviri munzvimbo ino (rwizi Kalka) wakadzikwa hondo akakurumbira.

The pakarepo nechisimba eMongolia

Maererano Novgorod rechina uye ari Laurentian Chronicle, nechisimba pakati eMongolia kuRussia zvakanga zvisingatarisirwi. Just handizivi panguva Russian venhoroondo kuti zviuru 30 vanhu Genghis Khan (mauto Subedi-Baghaturia uye Jebe Noyon) akapota kweGungwa reCaspian rwezasi, idzo dzaiva muguta Shamakhi, akatora Derbent.

Kutamira ipapo kuchamhembe-kumadokero, vakamisa vagari mauto Polovtsy uye Alans. Polovtsian hondo pasi murayiro mwanakomana wake Konchak Hana Yuriya, akamanikidzwa shure kusvika Dnieper negungwa Azov. Kurudyi kumahombekombe vayambuka chikamu chacho, kupinda nhaka Kotyan, Polovtsian Khan. Chimwe chikamu vakamhanyira kuCrimea, kumabvazuva, nharaunda umo wechiTatar-eMongolia akapinda mushure Polovtsy. Pano, muna 1223, muna January, vakaita yakashatiswa nhare Surozh (nhasi Sudak).

The inokosha Mutongo machinda Russian

Zvegore, mukuvamba chitubu, Mstislav akabvisa muna Galich kubatsira Kotyan vakamhanya. machinda Russian pa kutanga pamusoro Mstislav vakaungana Kiev mazano. Kwakasarudzwa kuenda pasi Dnieper, kurudyi pamahombekombe erwizi, vachipfuura panguva rworuboshwe yorwizi, iro vakazara panguva ino Vernal mvura, iyo kudziviswa zvikuru sangano. Ipapo nokukurumidza kufora mberi yaoma kubva kumaodzanyemba steppes kusvika Polovtsian mugodhi (kureva Perekopa), iyo kupa chinoshamisa nyika kurwisana wechiTatar-eMongolia.

sangana

Asi vabatane utungamiriri feudal kukakavara akanga asiri Kipchak uye mauto eRussia. Vakatamira kuchitsuwa Khortytsya dzoga. Spring Migwagwa kunonoka varwi machinda hwokuchamhembe. Russ pana Khortitsa, akasangana mushure Tatars vakauraya ekupedzisira uye akakurudzira zvakanaka bhengi downriver. Zvisinei, vakakwanisa kusvika chete kusvikira Oleshi apo vakatoratidza akamirira wechiTatar-eMongolia.

In rwezasi, nyika yaoma kubva nokukurumidza, achipa muvengi mauto mukana vabude kuCrimea, uye zvino kufamba kuburikidza Polovtsian inowanzorimwa kuchamhembe uye chikuru masimba akaiswa pamberi pakasvika mauto eRussia kurudyi kumahombekombe Kalka. Urongwa wokurera nedare machinda (kurwa munyika yokumwe), nokudaro kukundikana.

Mstislav wokushinga, Galich muchinda, pasina nyevero pakutaura nevamwe, ndokuyambuka rwizi Kalka pamwe Polovtsy uye vakatanga kurwisana pamwe Tartars. Akawisira yakakuwandira nomuvengi Cumans ichidzokera.

Chadzera kurwisa hondo Mstislav Romanovich

Squads Mstislav Romanovich akakurumidza dzakamanikidzwa kuvaka masvingo kumativi musasa wavo uye akarwa mazuva matatu kurwisa muvengi. Aine melee chombo (makirabhu nematemo) nemauto Russian ndokukuvadza inorema nezvinhu pamusoro eMongolia. Akaurayiwa, zvikurukuru, Tossuk, mwanakomana mukuru Genghis Khan (wokupedzisira mufananidzo pasi apa), Batu baba.

Part of Kalka eMongolia inoramba

Tatars pazuva kundikana rokurwa Russian rechitatu aida kuita rugare, asi ivo pachavo kutyora nayo. Zvichiita, maererano chibvumirano, mauto Russian kuenda kuRussia, vakarwisa varindi, kuvakoka kuti Dnieper, vakarova zhinji. Mstislav wokushinga, ndokuyambuka rwizi pamwe vakasara mauto ake, akarayira kuti apise zvikepe. Achisiya pana Kalka panzvimbo musasa hondo pamwe zvakanaka chakapambwa munzvimbo Crimea, uyewo vanorwara uye akuvadzwa nokors Tatars nhatu rive dete Tumen vakananga kuchamhembe pamwe rworuboshwe ruri Dnieper River.

Kalka - rwizi, iyewo akaramba chikamu mauto Russian, uyo akatora utiziro mugwenzi kumeso, safambika kuti vatasvi vemabhiza. Kutambura inorema nezvinhu apo vakasangana kukuru nemishonga, ivo Tatars vakanga vachiri kukwanisa kusvika Pereiaslav. Zvisinei, ivo pakarepo akadzoka, kana kuna Kiev, chikuru chinangwa rakanga riri pasuo.

Maonero pamusoro apo Kalka akanga

Vakawanda vaidavira kuti hondo iri Kalka River kwakaitika inonzi Stone Sheori. Riri munzvimbo Donetsk mudunhu Ukraine, 5 makiromita kumaodzanyemba Rozovka. Uyewo, vanhu vakawanda vanotenda kuti Kalka - rwizi, ava kunzi inflow Kalmius (Kalchyk rwizi).

Asi zvakaoma kudavira kuti protrusion kubva Crimea, uye apo kutamira kuchamhembe, wechiTatar-eMongolia kubva Olesha vakatendeuka Polovtsian inowanzorimwa, yakaparadzwa navo, kuitira kuti igarwe kuti muhondo eRussia ari todzokera pakati inowanzorimwa rwizi. Kunenge kuti vachifamba rworudyi kumahombekombe Dnieper pasi mauto eRussia vakayambuka Olesha akatamira kuruboshwe uye pasina mukwende ari inowanzorimwa netsoka enyika.

Uyewo, kuongorora yekare mazita nzizi siyana kwakaita kuti pfungwa yokuti Kalka (rwizi) ane yekare necheSalvic transcription pakati mazita Kalkan-Su (Polovtsian), kureva mushanduro "Mvura Shield". Iye Tatar akadana IOL Keynes, zvinoreva "bhiza mvura".

Yuan, mumwe Chinese sahwira remakore rechi13, akanyora kuti hondo pamwe wechiTatar-Mongol mauto eRussia akatora nzvimbo pedyo norwizi A-Do-GI. In shanduro chaiwo rinoreva "bhiza-mvura." Kureva, zvinganzi vakafunga kuti chipo Conca ndiye risingazivikanwi chaizvo Kalka rwizi, kwakaitika kurwa akakurumbira. A chikomo misiyano kurudyi pamahombekombe, makiromita maviri kubva mumusha Yulevki - imwe "nzvimbo kamyanisto".

Zvakabudiswa kureva kuti hondo iri Kalka aigona kuva pedo mumusha Yulevka

Zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti kufungidzira nzvimbo nani musasa Mstislav Romanovich. zvakasara masvingo - pamusoro pegomo pasuo rakamanikana, matombo gomo zvakawanikwa. Zvichida ichi chiratidzo chokuti panzvimbo ino paiva hondo kurwizi Kalka.

Handizivi kuti chii peya serin'i gomo, ane kureba iri mamita 40, upamhi - 160 panguva yayo widest pfungwa. "Gro naBhaasha" zvakabatana huru ne "muswe." Yakafara ndiyo mamita 8-10 chete. Chinhu chiduku kweItari kumaodzanyemba nokumabvazuva kushambidzwa nemvura yorwizi Conca, uye kubva kumavirazuva uye akapoteredzwa safambika marshy Gorodysskoy danda. Local akare-timers vanodana chikomo ichi Savur-Mohyla. Kazhinji parutivi varo arrowheads, zvidimbu ruosteessa simbi, uye mumwe akanga akacherwa kumusoro pamhenderekedzo yesimbi Mbambo. At mamita 12 kubva rutsoka, kumaodzanyemba yakatenuka Saur-Mohyla munondo kuwanikwa, uyewo miseve uye ndarira shoma mucherechedzo pamwe mufananidzo weshumba.

Nhasi muGungwa Kakhovka, kumadokero kuchiteshi zambuko, kwaitungamirirwa Konka, munhu anogona kuona boka duku zvitsuwa. Ndivo vakasara Kuchugury Great kuti nemafashamo Dam.

Kungoda romuMiddle muguta zvichengeteke zvinenge vose. mazita akasiyana mupe zvakasiyana siyana zvinyorwa. Rainzi panguva Battle of Kalka sei Samys (Zimbabwe Turk-Polovtsian zita), uye vanhu panzvimbo ino inonzi necheSalvic vokuBulgaria. Found pano, pamwe yakawanda sirivha uye mhangura mari dzakasiyana-siyana nguva arrowheads, makiyi, Vhudzi, stirrups, zvimedu neketani tsamba, mufananidzo zamu yendarira (mifananidzo), mutsipa-rin'i, dzasara bhiza joko nezvimwe nemidziyo Kievan Rus.

Also kuwanikwa zvinhu zvechiuto uye zvemumba: zvimedu arrowheads, nemapanga, sabers nguva Golden Horde. izvi zvose anopa chikonzero chokudavira kuti guta rakanga chokuita pakurwa kwakaitika pamusoro Kalka.

VokuBulgaria mu yenhau

Munzvimbo zvikazara mumatenhere dzisingambosvikiki kuti vamabhiza Tartars, dzasara mauto eRussia vakaungana. Apo, pashure mhirizhonga hondo akatamira kuchamhembe, pamwechete vokuBulgaria, vagari Samysa, vakarwisa musasa wakasiya nokuda eMongolia, akariputsa. On tinosvika kuna kuguta Pereyaslav Tatars takagamuchira mashoko ichi kubva kunhume.

Nekuona kuti Kiev haadi kutora simba Tumen, temniki akasarudza kudzokera Kalka kuti vatsive ushingiwo bvuta Ruses uye kubvisa chakapambwa yavo yakanaka kuCrimea. In yaMakoronike anoudzwa kuti, Thando, Tatars akaenda vokuBulgaria (1223 Kalka River). Vanhu ava vakanga vakabvuma kuti zvichangobva kudzidzwa pamusoro Volga Bulgars.

Nhasi Battle of Kalka River (1223) anoonekwa dzakaitika somunhu zvine urongwa ushori. Zvisinei, waivawo hondo umo ropa scrapie ukama siyana nevanhu Rus yekare.

Point kuvigwa

Kuvapo mumakuva zvingaratidza apo rwizi Kalka uye pakanga nzvimbo chaiyo iri kurwiwa Polovtsy uye Mstislav akabvisa. Paaienda Komishuvahu, 7 km kubva Savur-mogili, pamusoro mawere ndiyo yakawanda humps, vane mavambo harizivikanwi. Zvichida iyi ndipo chinotiudza ...

Tatar akapisa zvitunha maererano netsika. Zvasara yamavira matatu zvakachengetedzwa panzvimbo, riri pedyo. Izvi gomba zvipiriso masvingo dhayamita 3 metres, kudzama iri kusvika 4 mamita. Kwaivapo nemadota shoma zvidimbu endarira. Zvichida zvakanzi rakabayirwa mutumbi bhakoro zviri bhandi kana kuwedzera.

mhedziso

Saka, Hondo Kalka River kwakaitika muna 1223. Zvinosuruvarisa, achiratidza chaiwo nzvimbo vanyori venhau dzakaitika vachiri vasina kukwanisa nhasi. Zvisinei, kuenzanisa anopa akanyorwa, zvombo zvehondo, uyewo zvinonzi nzvimbo paiva nokurwa, anopa chikonzero chokudavira kuti hondo pamusoro Kalka - chiitiko chakaitika pamahombekombe Conca pamisasa, zvisaririra zvacho zvino Zaporozhye nharaunda, pedyo nomusha Yulevka.

Hondo yakaguma pokukundwa ari Kalka mauto eRussia. Vakapukunyuka Mstislav kubviswa. Vakaurayiwa uye vakuvadzwa muhondo iyi chakagadzwa, chete chegumi mauto vakapona. Uye Tatar-eMongolia akatora nzvimbo yose nyika Chernigov-Seversky Novgorod. Vanotyisa Vanhu Subedeya uye Jebe akaraira regiments izvi. Vaivenga kuRussia uye kuparadza zvinhu zvose munzira kwayo, rinotsiva rufu nokuparadzwa kumativi ose. Vanhu vakavanda mumasango nekutya kurwiswa izvi, kuitira kuti achengetedze kanenge hwavo.