Political kufunga kuMiddle Ages

Political kufunga of Ages chikamu Ages uzivi. Hapana mubvunzo kuti yaiva yeGirisi Roman uye muBhaibheri pasi akapa zvakawanda njere acho ari reinterpretation mumaratidzirwo Ages zveko, muri zvikuru yakasiyana avo nezvaiva muGirisi yekare, Rome yekare kana Hebrew nyika. Political pfungwa zvenyika yekare vachangobva kare nguva akasarudzwa nokuti ndipo kuruzhinji kuzivikanwa uye ipapo kutonga chiKristu, izvo zvakapa kuti zvinhu zvipi kukura Ages pfungwa enyika sezvo pokutangira.

Mukutanga yeMiddle Ages muna West, vanhu vaigara munyika umo kutenda yechiKristu kuongwa. Yaiva vakawanda kubvuma ane muronga upenyu. Mitemo uye mafungiro Catholic Church nemurairo enyika hakusi kurwadziwa. Vatongi aiona basa ravo kuti kutsigira zvakanaka yeChechi. Pope, mabhishopi, Pakauya mabhishopi akadzivirira kuvimbika mitemo enyika. Tinogona kutaura kuti paiva rudzi "mararamire echiKristu", umo zvose zvoupenyu (zvematongerwo enyika, tsika, unyanzvi, mushonga, uye zvichingodaro) vakanga vakatsunga mumaratidzirwo chiKristu.

Political kufunga of Ages chakavakirwa papfungwa kuti dzisingadi pakati pokutonga Constantine (makore 306-37) uye kutanga kwezana remakore rechisere, apo West akaona pave nesimba Carolingian. pfungwa idzi hwakagara uye nevanhukadzi setsikawo Ages zveko.

Uye kana ari mangwanani yeMiddle Ages, kukosha nhaka ichi chaiva chiduku, ipapo, kubvira pakupera regumi remakore, paiva apiwa yokutanga zvakawanda zvinopa pfungwa enyika munyika yekare - akadai yakatarwa veRoma vehurumende mutemo "Codification pakati Justinian» (Corpus iuris civilis), mabasa Aristotle, rinowanika mushanduro dzechiLatin. Mugore rechigumi nemaviri remakore, rave richiwedzera dzidzo muParis, Bologna, Oxford nokumwewo. By pakutanga kwezana remakore rechigumi nematatu, akaumba vesangano rinonzi Africa, apo uzivi kwave kudzidza mukati miganhu unyanzvi, uyewo pamusoro mano pachitendero. mibvunzo Research vaiva mitemo inokosha chaizvo, uye akava nepfungwa kukanganiswa enyika maonero.

Political Ages nyanzvi nharo kuti huru chinangwa - ndechekuvaka dzidziso dzechiKristu uye, pakupedzisira, kuwana upenyu husingaperi. Church pakati nevafungi, vazivi, vafundisi vane basa rinokosha kuna Thomas Aquinas. Iye kupfuura mimwe muzivi, kunyange Avreliy Avgustin, nheyo risingakundiki dzidziso dzechechi yeRoma wokuti.

Early Christian (political) uzivi Augustine akanga zvikuru kuchinjwa pfungwa Plato. Christian akafunga vamwe "kunyoroveswa" Stoicism uye dzidziso kururamisira munyika yekare. In yayo yakakurumbira basa - "The City waMwari" - nhoroondo yevanhu Augustine chaipiwa kuva Kurwisana munharaunda mbiri, "chimvuramabwe hwepasi" uye "City waMwari", chivi uye Mwari, iyo inofanira kuguma kukunda chechipiri.

Political dzidziso Fomy Akvinskogo anoshanda pamwe marudzi mitemo. Maererano naye, pane mitemo mina: The yepasi pose mutemo waMwari, mutemo waMwari maererano neMagwaro, zvakasikwa mitemo kana nokudenga mitemo mufambiro; mutemo Human, kana mitemo chaiyo inoshanda chaizvo ezvinhu. Maererano nedzidziso Fomy Akvinskogo, chinangwa chokuvapo kwevanhu - ndiwo mubatanidzwa uye chirairo husingaperi naMwari.

Asi enyika kufunga kuMiddle Ages uye kusonganirana dambudziko kukosha. How chidzore zvakajeka hunhu chinhu? A yakafara yokusvika tsanangudzo nyaya iri zvinosiyana pakati peculiarities Ages enyika pfungwa uye manyuko kuti abatsire kare kuti vaigadzirise. Kudzidza pfungwa enyika, Chokwadi, zvinofanira kusanganisira yokutombotaura mamiriro, kunyange zvazvo zvikuru rokuti "nehurumende" Pakati Ages aigona kuva nevamwe zvirevo, izvo yakasiyana magetsi pfungwa. Aisagona hazvo kushandiswa kurondedzera zvinhu ane enyika chehurongwa muvanhu, chero zvazvingava, pamberi wegumi remakore, kunyange pane mamwe masayendisiti kuona kana pfungwa yacho mamiriro kwatova mangwanani nguva, dzakadai iri Carolingian yaitonga.

Kunzwisisa kwakaita tsvakurudzo iri hunhu zvinotisimbisa pachavo. Political kufunga kuMiddle Ages haagoni zvizere kuzivikanwa nebasa wandei nevafungi chete. Vanyori Most Ages, kana munyaya akapoteredza dambudziko iri vaiva achinyanya vafundisi, vazivi, jurists, uye pfungwa enyika haana kuratidza zvakare vaishingaira chaizvo kutarisirwa. Asi chero zvakadaro, ungwaru wezwi wokunzi vanofunga izvi zvinofanira kufungwa kana kududzira mubvunzo - uyewo basa nevanhu zvinobatanidzwa kusawirirana pakati kwebasa raPapa uye zvenyika vatongi. Cherechedzai inofanira kubhadharwa kune pamutemo zvinyorwa - nokuti Church basa revanhukadzi mukuvamba Middle Ages, kana ecclesiological nyaya kutora enyika kukosha.

Uyezve, zvinokosha kufunga uye kumwewo siyana, kuratidza sezvakarayirwa coronations ose madzimambo, kutevedzana yezviitiko zvinokosha - avo zvinhu zvose kuti havasi zvakananga chete asiwo zvisina kunanga chokuita dzezvematongerwo enyika uye kubatsira kutsanangura enyika ukama.