The dambudziko iri Kazan: zvinokonzera, nyanzvi rinotsanangura, achiongorora zvaive "bhokisi dema"

Kuti zuva, November 17, 2013, nenguva Kazan Airport hapana presaged njodzi. pano mabasa All uchishanda anowanzoita uye vakanga vachigadzirira kutora Boeing-737, kuita ndege U9-363 uye apedzisa ndege yake Moscow. Asi mugumo kwakatemwa zvimwe. At 19 hr. 23 min. Moscow nguva, swooping panguva yakaoma akachinjikana kwaari, ndege yakadonha kupinda runway. Dambudziko aiti upenyu mashanu varume vaiva panguva mundege.

Mibvunzo asina kugamuchira mhinduro

Ikatsva muna Kazan Commission of Inquiry rave akadzidza zvakadzama, izvo zvinosanganisira vamiririri Interstate Aviation Committee, Federal Air Transport Agency uye nezvimwe madhipatimendi. Izvi zvinhu vava kuziva zvakawanda zvakaitika. Muna December 2015 akaona kusunungurwa ane yorugwaro akambochera navo, yaiti "Final Report".

Zvisinei, nyanzvi uye voruzhinji muKazan njodzi akasiya mibvunzo yakawanda havana kuwana mhinduro iri gwaro iri, uye pasina ruzivo akananga sezvamunoziva, pane runyerekupe uye yokufungidzira. Ngatiedzei pahwaro anozivikanwa zvinhu vakiridza tsaona kwidibira November manheru muna 2013 panhandare yendege guru Tatarstan.

takangosikwa ndege

Pazuva iroro, yakatanga muna rechi18 awa. 25 min. kubva runway Domodedovo International Airport, Boeing-737 vakananga Kazan. Mungarava, pamwechete vashandi, pakati pavo pakanga maviri vezvikepe uye ina ndege vashandi, vaiva mubhazi mana. I kunyanya kuda kukuratidza kuti kwokuputsika muKazan chakauraya vashoma nokururamisira inonyatsozivikanwa zviso achibhururuka ndege iyi. Pakati pavo - musoro Republican FSB Antonov, mwanakomana purezidhendi Tatarstan I. Minnikhanov, inozivikanwa wechesi mutambi G. Rashitova, uyewo hama yacho mutsinhiri kuti TV mugero "Russia-2" R. Skvortsova.

Sam airliner Serviced ne iroro ndege 363, akanga nguva kuona zvakawanda muupenyu hwangu hwose. Akatanga akatora kumatenga muna 1990, uye makumi matatu nematatu basa, aishanda makambani manomwe dzakawanda. Asati ava pfuma Tatarstan, akashanda ari muhurumende avhiyesheni pamusoro Bulgaria, Ireland, Brazil, Uganda uye France. Dzimwe nguva murwi zvinoitika zvinhu zvaipisisa. Kamwe akaramba chassis, uye vatyairi akamuisa pamusoro "dumbu." Imwe nguva paiva depressurization ari kabhini.

Vatyairi vaya akasimudza ndege mudenga

Apo Commission of Inquiry munyaya muudzame zvinhu zviri vezvikepe vakanga akamhanya ndege kuti kurwara-fated zuva, iye akataura zvakajeka vasina unyanzvi. Kubva nyaya zvinhu kuti mukuru - Rustem Salikhov wakati Zvisinei aishanda vendege "Tatarstan" kwemakore anopfuura makore makumi maviri, panguva achidzora iri ndege Boeing-737 aiva rookie.

Asati nendege ari aidzidzisa uye kurovedza kwakaitika liquidated pakazotanga inodzidzisirwa. Vaongorori zvakakonzera mubvunzo mukuru rezinesi yakagamuchirwa pakati, uyewo legality pamusoro Salikhov ezvokutengeserana mutyairi wendege rezinesi.

shamwari yake - co-mutyairi V. Gutsul - wakati aishanda kambani kwemakore mashanu, chete muna 2011 akatora achidzora of Boeing-737. Kare akashanda se ndege injiniya, uye uyewo mukuru, haana zvakakwana chiitiko kutiza.

Emergency ezvinhu mundege

Kazan Airport akasangana kugara liner kusimba mvura chando uye stratocumulus. Zvisinei, maonero haasi makiromita asingasviki gumi, izvo zvinoita kutarisana zvichiongororwa muoti. Achiita panguva kumhanya 250 km / h romuzvarirwo kumhara kusvika kure anenge 500 metres kubva pakutanga runway, mukuru akaudza nehwaro panowanikwa zvashata ezvinhu mungarava. Maererano naye, ndege yaiva "vneposadochnom" chinzvimbo, akazendamira kurudyi enzira akabatana makiromita mana.

ruzivo Izvi inopindirana chose chete mashoko controller yendege pahwaro ari kuverengwa. The kusvika yakaitwa kwaita. Kazan Airport yave vakagadzirira pamwe azvino yemagetsi ndege nhungamiro mamiriro pamusoro runway akabatana, uye kuti akanga chikonzero kurambwa, akaramba kujeka. Zvichida chikepe yacho yakaparadzwa nenzira yakasimba mututu nemhepo.

Gadzira ezvinhu aida kudanwa rechipiri kumativi. rinoshamisa Izvi zvaiitwa rwoga kushandisa TOGA hurongwa, akanyorerwa kubatsira vezvikepe vari zvashata ezvinhu, uye outputting ndege achibatsirwa imwe yechiedza riri pasi iri kumhara chinzvimbo. Dzoro yave aurayiwa zvinobudirira, asi pakupedzisira kwayo, chinhu chakaitika zvokuti paiva ikatsva muna Kazan.

Manual kudarika

In guhu rahwo The Interstate Aviation Committee yakati kuti apo vachisiya kumhara ndege uye masimba ari Chinyorwa nzira. Sezvakatsanangurwa nokuda vezvikepe pachavo aiziva basa revatungamiriri pakati Boeing-737, mhedziso iyi inoreva kuti panguva kuvakwa Kudzorerwa mutyairi wechipiri akabata mudhiraivho, nokudaro waipedza autopilot, izvo zvinoratidza kuti michina kune achida kukwirira.

Sezvinoratidzwa kuferefeta inoitwa kwokuputsika muna Kazan, pakutanga kwayo zviito akanga akarurama uye vachiwirirana kuita anofambisa. Sezvaratidzwa akazotevera ndege vanyori, rakatorwa pashure petsaona yacho bhokisi dema, ari liner akasiya mune nzira pedyo yasimuka. ichibhabhamisa ayo zvaitambidzwa chinzvimbo uye akatanga kukwira kunodiwa kuti murambe rinoshamisa. Uye saka Panguva iyi paiva mutsaona yakaipisisa, kwakatevedzana kwokuputsika muna Kazan muna 2013.

Possible mutyairi wendege kukanganisa

Zviri pachena, nokuda mutyairi kukanganisa ndege mhino akakwira kumusoro zvikuru uye uchisvika kune dzinonetsa angled Boeing-737 pa 25 °. Akatanga kukwira, asi nzvimbo muchina kubereka zvakasimba kurwisa kuti aibuda motokari mhepo, zvakazoita kuti ichidonhedzera kukwira 278 km / h kusvika 231 km / h.

Achitarira mberi, zvakakodzera kuti, maererano nenyanzvi, panguva ino kwapfuura chinouraya pfungwa haizogadzirisiki. Kurasikirwa Kasira, ndege wakapinda "mudanga", uye akapiwa kuti kukwira rakanga panguva iri duku zvikuru nokuti goho kubva yepamusorosoro - 700 metres, kuzomuponesa zvakanga zvisingaiti.

Boka racho rakatora chiito kuderedza pakona kuti ndege uye manually, kushandisa mikana yose gozvo yembiru, ndakaedza kutsausa muchikepe zvinoderedza muoti. Asi pashure pokurasikirwa anodiwa nokukurumidza, ndege akatanga nokukurumidza richandifukidza yepamusoro uye ndokunanga pasi, kutamira panguva necheparutivi 70 °. donhwe Taiita masekonzi anenge makumi maviri, pashure pacho ari kumhanya 450 km / awa inenge vertically yakadonha kupinda runway.

The maminitsi rokutanga pashure kwokuputsika

Kurira nzeve kuputika vakanzwa makiromita anoverengeka kure. On liquidation inotevera moto zvashata mabasa Airport akashanda kusvikira mangwanani. Chete kana moto kudzima zvachose, basa rakatangwa vamiririri kuongorora zviremera. Chii vakazviona mukusanzwisisa kuvhunduka. Panguva iyo tsaona nokukurumidza zvokuti yakakwirira kuti hapana vanhu vakanga vari ndege akanga asina mukana yokupukunyuka. The dambudziko iri Kazan akatendeuka multi-savi muchina ari shapeless masarasara vakapararira pamusoro rebei. Mixed pasi iskroshennye zvidimbu fuselage, zvigaro, mikwende nemiviri yevanhu ...

Takavhundutswa vakabata avo nhasi vasvika yendege kusangana neshamwari dzavo uye nehama. Mune maminitsi wokutanga, hakuna kugona kutenda chokwadi yezvakaitika. Nokuti vakawanda tariro yokupedzisira yaiva mukana kuti kukanganisa kwakaitika pamusoro mufambi list, uye mhuri yavo yakanga isina mundege. Nyika yose yakanga iri kubatana nevaya vakarasikirwa nehama dzavo uye neshamwari. Mumazuva iwayo, ari Russian uye vatorwa vanobudisa nhau vakanga kupfuura repeatable shoko "dambudziko", "Kazan", "kuti Boeing".

To mbiri pakati vatyairi tekisi ndinoti kuti manheru ichi havana kusimudza fares, chakawana mukana. Uyezve, magirazi akaturika nechemberi mota dzavo bwendefa pamwe akanyorwa: "Kuna guta for free," uye akadzinga saka munhu kudiwa kuenda Kazan - idambudziko November 17 vanhu vakabatana. Panyaya iyi, ini handidi kurangarira sei kuita kwavo Moscow nevamwe muna 2014, apo mutsaona yakaitika muna Moscow Metro.

Kutanga kuferefeta

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha mabasa ari kuongorora zviremera vaida "mabhokisi vatema" - otomatiki ndege vanyori, ane ndege uye parameters zvose nekambani vezvikepe pamberi kwokuputsika muKazan. Nokukurumidza pakati zvakapwanyika pamusoro ndege akakwanisa kuwana parametric wezvaiitika, ngadzirambe ose basa zvishandiso zvemagetsi michina.

Akanga ari hunenge ezvinhu, asi zvisinei zvikuru kuferefeta. It vakamhanyira kuMoscow, uko decoding pakati mashoko ayo kuita nyanzvi of Interstate Aviation Committee. Kurwadziwa zvikuru kuwana inzwi wezvaiitika uye kunzwa manzwi ari vezvikepe kwekanguva asati afa.

Zvinoshamisa kuti vakazoroorwa zvose Nhaurirano vezvikepe vakava paruzhinji. Vazhinji vavo vari pasi Mutongo Committee akaramba unpublished. Izvi pakarepo chamuita kuti yokufungidzira kuti zvichida nzvimbo yemutekenyi nenguva tsaona yakanga rimwe VIP-vanhu kubhururuka ndege iyi, uye, sezvo zvakaguma pane fungidziro - kwete akashumira kana zviito ake zvemasanga mhaka zvashata. Inyaya nevakawanda - mugumisiro kunyarara zvokufungidzira.

Results achiongorora zvaive "mabhokisi dema"

Vachitarisira "mabhokisi dema", zvakachengetwa mashoko Decryption zvabuda vakanga ukaongorora kurekodha makamera mumhuri nokuongororwa yendege. Vakabata okupedzisira nguva muchikepe. nzvimbo chiratidzo ake mwenje portholes dzose uchapupu hwairatidza kuti panguva njodzi, akanga akapotsa ari rusvingo chinzvimbo. Kuferefeta chaiva kuziva zvikonzero izvo vakamutsamwisa kudaro. Mhinduro yomubvunzo kunogona chete kupa kutiza vanyori.

Mukati mamazuva maviri kubva Moscow akagamuchira rokutanga zvabuda. Zvisinei, achiongorora zvaive "dema bhokisi", mhinduro kakawanda akabvunza mibvunzo, akabereka vatsva. The parametric Data akaratidza kuti vaunoshanda, achiita nzira, akamanikidzwa kuenda wechipiri vakapoteredza, asi chii zvikonzero kwavatadzisa kuita ichi chiito kubvira pakutanga, akaramba kujeka. Nokuti vose vezvikepe Kazan Airport yaiva nzvimbo nebasa zvachose uye, chokwadi, kwave kwazvo kudzidza. Chii chakaitika panguva iyi?

Zvinonzi gahadziko chaiva ruzivo yakaratidza kwakakwana basa vashandi vaviri panguva kunoshamisa kukwira yapera anokanganisa ndege kurasikirwa zvazvingava, uye panguva svetuka yake, kana kwete, anenge wehunyambiri kuwa, urwo rwakatora mumasekonzi makumi maviri.

Mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu asina kupiwa kunyange kudzidza makadhi utano uye vatyairi hwakadzama akapfuura dzavo mupfungwa pakuongororwa. Chero zvazvingava, vanachiremba vanoti vazvibate saka havaratidzi yose nguva zvinouraya yepamusorosoro, urwo rwakatora, sezvo kare akataura, mumasekonzi makumi maviri, kana vaigona kuva nechinzvimbo chin'a kutya, kana ari vadhakwa wakakwana.

The kusaina yokupedzisira mushumo Commission of Inquiry

Sezvo decoding kuti "bhokisi dema" uye haana kupa mhinduro mubvunzo pamusoro zvinokonzera nokukuvadzwa kwakaguma nokufa vakawanda vanhu Boeing Corporation vanachiremba dzaibatanidzwa, mubasa kukura ndege iyi. Vakauya kubatsira rechiFrench vamiririri akaigadzira injini, dzakanga akashongedzerwa zvikepe womuenzaniso ichi.

Kuvakwa imwe subcommittee aishanda kusvikira September 16, 2014 uye vachibvumirana akapa mhedziso yokuti panguva tsaona ndege akanga akanaka. Zviratidzo kukundikana avhiyesheni michina aisagona kuwana chero zvinyorwa achishandisa chinangwa kuzvidzora, kureva vanyori kana vasara zvimedu zvakamisa hurongwa nemagungano zviri yakadonha airliner.

In April 2015 ose nhengo rwokutsvakurudza basa vakaisa vakasaina dzavo pasi gwaro Mushumo wokupedzisira. Cherechedza Gwaro iri harina akaita munhu, kusanganisira mukuru mumiriri "Russian avhiyesheni". Rakanga wo akabvumirana vamiririri zvose kunyika kuita basa racho. Pakati pavo paiva: America, France, Great Britain uye Bermuda.

The dissenting mafungiro mumiririri "Russian avhiyesheni"

Asi pashure pemwedzi miviri convergence ichi maonero rakatyoka. Akasaina gwaro tisingatarisiri akarega mumiririri "wokuRussia avhiyesheni". Nezvikonzero kujeka kune dzimwe nhengo basa, inoshandiswa vakadzokera yakare shanduro nei kwokuputsika kwakaitika Kazan - kureva kuramba elevators kudzora hurongwa. nzvimbo yavo aisagona kutsanangurwa, sezvo nyika tsika zvinoratidza mhosva chokupika zvinhu izvi, uye achiri haana nyaya kuroorwa kukundikana kwavo.

Izvi mashoko avo vakanga zvisingatarisirwi nemigumisiro. Vatungamiri Interstate Aviation Committee chirevo maererano iyo yose nyika kumbomira nokushanda ndege Boeing-737 muchiso. Zvisinei, "pasi Federal Air Transport Agency" uye akabva akaratidza obstinacy - zvinongokonzerwa kuteerera mirairo ine hierarchical sangano, uye ngarava akaramba nendege womuenzaniso ichi, sokunge kuti paiva pasina chakamboitika.

Nezvinetso pakugadzirira kutiza zvokuchenesa

Mumazana nguva kuferefeta mumunda maonero muhofisi muchuchisi raiva CEO ari vendege "Tatarstan" Vladimir Portnov. Pairi kuisa mutoro pakuti iye, somunhu ndege mukuru, vakaita kuti basa rayo mutakurwi airliner mutungamiri Rustem Salikhov, uyo, maererano kuferefeta, vakanga vasina chikonzero chepamutemo kuti. Muna November 2015 pamwe Vladimir Portnov akanga asungwa imba.

Dambudziko (737) Kazan anomanikidzwa tinyatsoteerera zvinonyatsorehwa padanho nokudzidziswa kutiza vashandi. Zvakazozivikanwa kuti mumakore achangopfuura, nokuda zvinetso zvemari kwakaitirwa "Tatarstan", zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti kutumira mari yakakwana kuti arambe ari nyanzvi pamwero vezvikepe. Nenzira, ndiye dambudziko rakatarisana vazhinji vatorwa mhepo vatakuri. Maererano nomushumo wacho European venhau, vanoverengeka makambani akabvuma kuti nokuda budgetary constraints, dzakamanikidzwa kuderedza maawa mutyairi wendege kunodzidziswa.

The pfungwa iyi wanunurwa vhiki pamberi itsva, 2016, apo Interstate Aviation Committee akabudisa yokupedzisira shanduro mashoko kuferefeta zvabuda. The dambudziko iri Kazan, zvinokonzera zvakanga zvakajeka gwaro, maererano vanyori ayo, waiva mugumisiro vaviri waishandiswa mhosva yacho ndege, chii akati kuparadzana mumiririri "wokuRussia avhiyesheni" uye kushaya kurovedza nyanzvi pakati vezvikepe.

Inishuwarenzi kubhadhara kuti mhuri afirwa

Maererano nomurayiro ndege, ayo vashandi vose vakatakurwa vaivamo vakanga insured. Somugumisiro, tsaona kambani inishuwarenzi chakaitika runoenzanirana kubhadhara zvakaitwa. Ava, mamiriyoni 580 rubles kuti ndege uye 100 000 rubles kuti rufu neimwe rakarira nhengo. Mhuri vanhu pamusoro kutiza, uye vaiva vanhu makumi mana makagamuchira kubva kambani yacho inishuwarenzi kuti mamiriyoni 2,025 rubles.

Total kubhadhara vakasvika US $ miriyoni 9.5. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvitsama izvi kuvatumwa avo vakanga kugamuchira vakafa hama taita nhengo nehama vamwe vavo ndozvadziri ikwidzwe kudare pamusoro vendege "Tatarstan" nokuda vachibhadhara inishuwarenzi shoma. Izvi zvinoshandawo nehama vanhu ivo ndege yaiva rokupedzisira muupenyu hwake. Vagamuchira muripo iri kurerutswa zvakajeka.

Statistics, zvepabonde

Nokupfupikisa zvose pamusoro, zvakakodzera kureva matambudziko kwakaitirwa Russian yevagari avhiyesheni zvarwo, nokuratidzwa rakanga kwokuputsika muKazan. Vezvikepe zvimwe zvipfuwo mhepo vatakuri, izvo nyika yedu pane vanenge zana nemakumi maviri nevaviri, vari kuitawo sezvo vazvo kubva "Tatarstan". Professionalism uye kuchengeteka vakatakurwa kuvimba mari yacho dzidzo kwacho, uye yezvinoreva boka kwakaoma chaizvo kudzora.

Statistics tsaona zvakaitika yevagari vendege mumakore achangopfuura, asingadi kuwedzera tariro. Maererano nemishumo, Russia chinoita inenge 15% muzana vose vakaurayiwa mhepo abondera pasi pose. Kana tikafunga kuti Russian mutakurwi motokari nezvokuvandudzika 2,8 chete% yenyika, ndicho nhamba yevanofa zvinomutsa mibvunzo pamusoro padanho omene ndege. Mugadziriro yechinangwa zvinozivikanwa vanofanira kuonekwa uye tsaona mu Tatarstan, izvo vazhinji vaivapo nhoroondo wechipfuwo vehurumende avhiyesheni.