Remasangano kwokuputsika kwenyika. Vakaipisisa kwokuputsika kwenyika

Man hwagara vaitarisira dzichibhururuka mudenga. ngano dzekare Greek kuti Daedalus uye mwanakomana wake Icarus akabhururuka kudenga nokubatsirwa mapapiro, izvo zvakagadzirwa minhenga uye wakisi shinda.

Uye mukuru musayendisiti, muvambi uye yokudhirowa Leonardo da Vinci kamwe akasika yokunyora nokudhirowa womusangano ndege. Aishandisa kwevanhu tsandanyama simba dzibhururuke rusingaperi denga.

Vanhu vave vachiedza kwenguva refu kuumba zvinobhururuka michina yakadaro. Uye akaisa ...

Nhoroondo yenyika mhepo abondera

The Vols wokutanga mudenga vakatanga mukupera XIX remakore. Panguva imwe cheteyo, uye aifanira top yose nokuongorora abondera. Kukura kutiza ari ndege (nhumbi uye mutakurwi) mhepo kwokuputsika kwenyika vari kuramba zvakatanga kuitika. Statistics kunotambudza dzavo kusimba akakura kusvikira 1970. Uye kuti makore 70 ndiye nhamba vanotyisa njodzi mudenga.

Mune ramangwana, nokuda kuwedzera kwezvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano, kuvandudzika pamusoro avhiyesheni zvokushandisa, uye yakasimba zvaanoda uye mitemo vakachengeteka muna 80s zvakatanga kuitika kuderedza tsaona chokuita ndege. Pane rutapudzo kuti simba pamusoro abondera kubva 616 kusvika 15.689 akafa muna 70 makore anopfuura 300 njodzi ne 8000 vakaurayiwa 2000s.

Kwokuputsika kwenyika, jogirafi yavo

Nepariri ichi nhamba ndiine kusuruvara tsaona anotora United States. Maererano iripo mashoko Aviation Safety Network, munyika ino kubva 1945 kusvika nhasi, akanga chakaparadzwa akawandisa mutakurwi ndege - anopfuura 630. Panguva tsaona izvi akauraya vanhu vanopfuura 9.000.

Russia, zvinosuruvarisa riri rakava wechipiri nhamba iyi. Kubva 1945 muSoviet Union iyoyo uye Russia ano paiva anopfuura 200 tsaona mudenga. With kupfuura 5,000 akafa.

nzvimbo Third - shure muColombia.

Zviduku Nhamba abondera - kuEcuador.

Statistics Kupiwa mhepo abondera makore achangodarika nenyika

March 27, 1977 akacherekedza nyika zvinyorwa kuti nhamba yevanhu vari mutsaona. nharaunda Tenerife pakarepo nemamiriro mbiri liner "747" anozivikanwa vendege "Pan-America" uye KLM. Ipapo vawirwa vaiva 583 vanhu.

Uwandu tsaona ndege kwave kuchiita kukura munyika.

The vendege kupfuura ngozi munyika, maererano "Current kuchengeteka" (magazini wokuSweden), iri Soviet "Aeroflot". Maererano navo, ivo nokuongorora abondera munyika inoratidza kuti mamiriyoni 1 Flights kuti "Aeroflot" ane zvinopfuura 18 njodzi. nzvimbo yechipiri iyi anosuruvarisa pamazita ndiko vendege Taiwan kuti - tsaona vanopfuura 11 muzana mamiriyoni kusimuka. nzvimbo Third kuIjipiti (anopfuura 11), ipapo - India (anopfuura 10), Turkey, China, Philippines, South Korea, uye Poland - musi mamiriyoni 41 Flights dzinopfuura 6 tsaona. The zvikuru - -South-West Company (USA). On mamiriyoni 1,8 voli ndege wekambani zvikasaitika chero njodzi.

Nhamba huru vanobatwa kwokuputsika kwenyika

tafura iyi inomiririra yakaipisisa ikatsva munyika.

A tsananguro imwe ndege abondera

Muna March 1974, pashure pakuvhurwa nhumbi mupanda French DC-10 Airline WAKO Airlines yakadonha musango. Total - 346 vakafa.

Muna March 1977, kudhumhana pamusoro Boeing 747-206B (KLM) kubva Boeing 747-121 (Pan Am) yakadonha iri Canary Islands iri Tenerife. 583 vakaurayiwa (guru kwokuputsika munyika mudenga).

Muna May 1979, maererano kuchikuvadza hydraulic ezvinhu ane DC-10 (American Airlines) ndege yakadonha munharaunda Chicago. Kuuraya vanhu 273.

Muna August 1980, mushure kwechimbichimbi kumhara pamusoro ndege vakapisa L-1011-200 Tristar (Saudi) mu Saudi Arabia (Riyadh). vanhu 301 vakaurayiwa.

Muna June 1985, Gungwa Irish akaparadza ari Boeing 747-237V Air India vendege pashure pokuputika kwacho nemagandanga. Kuuraya vanhu 329.

Muna July 1988 akapfurwa pasi musoro chikanganiso rechiuto chitundumuseremusere chikepe Vincennes (America) Airbus A300B2-202 (Iran Air). Izvi zvakaitika kune Gulf. 290 vanhu vakaparara.

Muna August 1985, iye yakadonha mugomo Boeing 747SR (Japan Airlines) muTokyo. Zvinoshamisa, ukuwo vana vakapona. Kuuraya vanhu 520.

Muna November 1996 muna Charkhi-Dadra (India) paiva nomumwe kurwisana Boeing 747-168B (kambani Saudi muArabhia Airlines) pamwe Kazakh Ilyushin-76TD. Total vakaurayiwa apo vanhu 349.

Muna January 1996, guta muKinshasa muZaire pamusika akawira migweje svosve-32. Vanopfuura 297 vakafa. 4 Vanhu vakapukunyuka taita (taita 5).

Nguva pfupi yapfuura July 17, 2014, musi Ukrainian ndima (60 chete kubva kumuganhu pamwe Russia), paiva neimwe njodzi yakaipisisa - yakadonha (zvakanzi yakapfurwa pasi nemauto) ndege "Boeing-777" ( "Malaysian Airlines"). Kuuraya 295 vakatakurwa (kusanganisira vana 80), uye yose rikarira (vanhu 15). Kusvikira zvino, mhaka tsaona kwechokwadi hakusi pamutemo kujekeswa.

Kufa misoro mamiriro mutsaona yendege

World mhepo tsaona munguva isingambofungirwi nzvimbo, nezvikonzero zvakasiyana, uye vakavauraya vanhu vakasiyana chinzvimbo munzanga.

Vatungamiriri venyika dzose, sezvo mutemo, rinoshandiswa sezvo sangano airliners nokuda nguva nemari. Vanoshandisa kupfuura ano uye airatidzika chaizvo yakavimbika vakachengeteka mudare. Zvisinei, tisingatarisiri midziyo kukundikana kana chete munhu chinhu nguva izvi zvinogona kukonzera ikatsva. Hezvino zvimwe kwokuputsika zvenyika, apo pakutanga vakuru vehurumende vakaurayiwa:

• Muna 2010 - Leh Kachinsky (President kwePoland) nomudzimai wake, hombe nhamba . Military varume kubva High Command wePolish uye nedzimwe nhamba enyika vakaurayiwa kwokuputsika Tu-154 pedo Smolensk.

• Muna 2004 - Boris Trajkovski (purezidhendi Macedonia) akaurayiwa kuputsika muBosnia.

• Muna 2001 - The vatungamiriri vemauto Sudanese vakaurayiwa rwezasi nyika.

• Muna 1988 - akauraya Muhammad Zia-Ul-Haq, aiva purezidhendi Pakistan. Njodzi yacho yakaitika musi muguta Lahore, Pakistan (zvichida somugumisiro kwemagandanga).

• Muna 1986 - Samora Machel (President wenyika Mozambique) akaurayiwa mutsaona yendege kuSouth Africa.

• Muna 1981 - akafa Jaime Roldos Aguilera, ndiani purezidhendi Ecuador. Ndege tsaona yakaitika mumakomo Ecuador Uayrapunga.

• Muna 1969 - Rene Barentos Ortuño (Bolivian President) akafira Arce (Bolivia).

• Muna 1966 - Abdul Salam Arif (Iraqi President) kumaodzanyemba Iraq.

• Muna 1961 - akauraya Dag Hammarskjöld (weUN General) muNorthern Rhodesia (nhasi Zambia).

• Muna 1957 - Ramon Magsaysay (President of Philippines) akaurayiwa muna Municipality pakati Balamban pamusana rinotevera njodzi (Philippines).

Kunyange vakawanda mazita kuzivikanwa anogona kukasawedzerwa kuurayiwa kunoitwa pakati vezvematongerwo zvose zviduku nyika. Pakati pavo vane asinganzwisisiki ikatsva enyika, kunyanya avo vane zvikonzero vachiri kuramba kujeka. Izvi zvinosanganisira uye kuparara, vakatora nzvimbo muPanama. Muna 1981 Omar Torrijos - General, musoro Panama, akafa pasi tsarukano.

Statistical mashoko pamusoro vendege Russian

Yakavimbika nyanzvi Masangano vakauya Statistics abondera airships zhinji vendege Russian akaita yakachengeteka Rating uye aripo ndege.

Munguva ichangopfuura, anenge zvose vendege Russian kana kutenga kupfuura dzimwe (atoshandisa) ndege, pane zvitsva Russian. Uye sezvo munoziva, basa rokutarisira kupinza ano michina vakapakata zvemagetsi, kwakasiyana chaizvo kubva mumhuri ndege kuzvidzora. Saka, zviri kuwedzera uye mukana zvakare, anongoti "munhu factor".

Saka, nokuda kambani "Russia" 184 hwevanhu, kuti vendege "Vladivostok Avia" - 145, kubva kambani "KrasAir" - 29, uye pamusoro nhoroondo "Tyumen Airlines" - 5. anofadzwa kwazvo pamberi vendege avo vakashanda pamusoro nhasi pasina vanobatwa :. "Transero", "Ural vendege" uye "Domodedovo Air"

Statistical date yavose sezvavakatarirwa liners

Tafura rinoratidza chepamusoro ndege yavo pangozi.

Kubva mashoko acho pamusoro zvinogona vakagumisa kuti Boeing 777 pari chakavimbika kupfuura mhando ndege.

The kukonzera mhepo abondera

Gore negore dema-kwazvo inosuruvarisa mazita nyika mhepo abondera kukasawedzerwa. Kazhinji, zvinokonzera izvi matambudziko kuramba kujeka kusvikira pakuguma. Very kakawanda uye nezvimwewo nyika kwokuputsika. Investigation dzimwe nguva anosvika standstill. Kunyange mabhokisi kutsinga kakawanda havakwanisi kujekesa mhaka dzimwe tsaona kuti kwakaitika airspace.

The kukonzera ano avhiyesheni tsaona: hwokugadzira matambudziko (kukundikana unyanzvi zvivako, matambudziko minor), mhepo motokari controllers zvikanganiso, vezvikepe uye vamwe vashandi (human chinhu), dzakawanda ugandanga, uto chiito, penga tsaona dzinouraya (kuzvikanganiso muchiuto kudzivirira, mabhanan'ana, mheni, kunyange kudhumhana pamwe shiri uye m. p.).

The zvikuru chinokonzera abondera chakaitika ndiyo kukanganisa zvikuru yezvinongoerekana kwevanhu. In tsika munyika yose, nekurangarira kuti vanenge 70% of ikatsva.

Asi, pasinei nokuti vanotyisa ikatsva uye mumwe nguva kukonzera chinorwadza zvikuru maitiro enyika munharaunda, avhiyesheni ndechimwe chezvinhu rakavimbika uye akachengeteka kubva kwemarudzi ose zviripo motokari.