"Lyudnikov Island" (Volgograd), nyaya Hondo Stalingrad

Nhasi "Lyudnikov Island" - chirangaridzo kunzwisisa rwakazvitsaurira kuna chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru kurwa Stalingrad muHondo Yenyika II. Hedzino mishomanana inotonhora kuchengeta mupomerwi 138th Infantry Division.

Kudzivirirwa "bharikedhi"

Akakurumbira "Island Lyudnikov" akamuka zita rayo vachikudza Colonel Ivan Lyudnikov, akarayira 138th Infantry Division panguva Hondo Stalingrad. chikwata ichi uto anoita unokosha zvine urongwa basa. Varwi vaifanira kudzivirira kumusha Lower kwezvinovharidzira uye chirimwa iri mairi.

Isolated ezvinhu umo akatora nzvimbo kwokudzivirira musha, kuchaita vaongorori ramangwana kuzodana ichi nekobiri nyika "chitsuwa". The mashoko akasiya vanhu, asi gare gare akanga formalized kuburikidza paruzhinji chiyeuchidzo. The chikuru Chinangwa vokuGermany muna nemauto ichi chaiva atirari fekitari "kwezvinovharidzira". Kana akarwisa Wehrmacht Stalingrad, izvozvo methyl matatu zvinangwa. Kuwedzera "bharikedhi" iyi inokosha Pamazita aiva fekitari "Red October" uye kugadzirwa tarakita fekitari.

Strategic nzvimbo

Chii waikosheswa zvikuru kambani, iyo inodzivirira Ivan Lyudnikov uye tsvimbo yake? "Kwezvinovharidzira" The fekitari rakavakwa British kambani "Vickers" muna 1913 Tsarist Russia. modernized maindasitiri zvivako panguva kwemaindasitiri rokutanga Soviet-gore mashanu zvirongwa. Mainjiniya akatanga kubudisa guru-caliber pfuti pano nokuda Red Army. Mukuwedzera, panoita goho uye ndokuendeswa. Asi chokwadi, kuti uto basa iri zvebhizimisi kwaiva kusarudza chinhu pakusarudza Wehrmacht sezvo nangananga kurwisa.

Pausiku hondo mu "kwezvinovharidzira" akatanga kubudisa pfuti uye howitzers BR dzakatevedzana. Muna 1940, vakanga akatorwa hondo, uye akaikunda utsinye German pamusoro fronts zvose. Akagura uye kuparadza chirimwa kwaireva kuti vadzivise Soviet Union yakanga inokosha atirari, pasina izvo zvinoitwa hondo raizova kuzviuraya.

Kurwisa kwekutanga

Pausiku iri kwaita vokuGermany muna Mafuro Stalingrad kuti chirimwa akabviswa zvinenge zvose vashandi (anenge 90%). Vakaenda Urals uye kuSiberia, kuitira akatsiga nokushanda bhizimisi kurutivi rwemberi. Kuramba mu "bharikedhi" yevashandi, pasinei kubhomba uye kurwisa vavengi, akaramba kubereka zvigadzirwa sokuronga kukosha. vanhu ava 400 vakanga kushanda saregerereka ezvinhu. Panguva fekitari pamusoro zvokudya uye mvura yakachena. Pakanga pasina magetsi, uye mhepo yaiva udushliv. Uyezve, vashandi ava vanobatsira uto racho kuzorwa mberi muvengi.

The nokurohwa vokuGermany wokutanga akatora nzvimbo August 23, 1942. "Kwezvinovharidzira" Muti chave pasi moto kubva mumhepo. Muna October, murayiro Soviet akatuma masvingo aro ari 138 fung Infantry Division. Harina zvinobudirira vakayambukira kurudyi kumahombekombe Volga, uye vakagadzirira refu kuzvidzivirira. In kuwa "chitsuwa" raiva pachimiro kunotyisa mumugwagwa kurwa zvose dzimwe mita nyika.

Kukosha hondo

VokuGermany vakaedza mutore chirimwa "kwezvinovharidzira", kwete chete nokuti kusvitsa Soviet mauto zvombo, asi nekuda kwemauto ichi mberi kunopa kuwana Volga. Zviri pano kuti Wehrmacht akakurudzirwa kumabvazuva kusvikira sezvataigona yose Great Patriotic War. Hondo Stalingrad aifanira kugadzirisa zvose.

Kana Third Reich yawana kudzora rwizi, iye rwaizobvisa guru senga tsinga. Pairi cruised muchikepe pfuti, vanhu, zvokudya uye mafuta Caucasian. The Soviet Union akasiya pasina zvinokosha pfuma, chete akarasikirwa paaishorwa. It Lyudnikov Island akava mumwe inokosha munhandare yehondo, izvo kunoshandurwa yose nzira kwete chete Great Patriotic War, asi Second World War.

Pakati Volga uye Wehrmacht

November 11, 1942 vokuGermany dzakapasanura napakati kusvikira Volga. Saka 138th Division akanga akapoteredzwa kumativi matatu. Masoja Soviet mune zvekutepfenyura iyi kudzivirira duku munda pakureba 700 uye upamhi 400 metres. Kumabvazuva Lyudnikov nevarume vake akafukidzwa dzakaonda echando Volga November. chikafu wakurukura kuti chirimwa pamusoro yomurwizi kuoma ndechokuti mvura yaro raitungamirwa vokuGermany. Zvokudya akauya irregularly, uye varwi vari kuziya. Officers uye wechi varume vakapiwa zuva ndaisazombodya gumi magiramu ose mabhisikiti, bota uye tsama shuga. Hondo Stalingrad asina kurega munhu.

Kamwe pazuva Lyudnikov akapa matatu cartridges paruoko. Masoja Soviet pane imwe nguva kunyange aitofanira kundorwa akabatwa zvombo. Mune rimwe kurwa pakati 138 Division vakaparadza sapper yokuzviparadzanisa of Wehrmacht. Zvadaro, Red Army akaenda German Browning zvombo kuti mumwe takambundirana. NevaFascist akatanga kurova mabara dzavo.

Separate heroism signalers, inopa kubatana 138th Division kudzimbahwe. boka iri basa rayo, apo ari mumupata pakati vachiridzira chinzvimbo. Pfungwa kuonana anonzi "Spot". Kuz'minskii sajeni uye nhatu dzakavanzika (Vetoshkin, Harazin uye Kolosovsky) akaita zvose kumuzinda aigona kuchengeta sezvaaienderana kuitika uye kupa arayira Lyudnikov. Kunyange munguva yorugare, signalers izvi akanga akaita yoga shongwe.

counteroffensive

Muna December, kuti Volga yakafukidzirwa hwakasimba chando. Paiva ngozi zvachose ezvinhu ari 138th Division. Ipapo kununurwa Lyudnikov uye chikwata chake akasvika 400th atirari rechiuto. Riri pamusoro Hare Island , uye haana kutendera vokuGermany kubva Volga kudunhu kumukomberedza ari kutsigira "kwezvinovharidzira".

Mavhiki maviri December 1942 rokutanga vaiva vakaipisisa varwi Soviet mune zvekutepfenyura ichi. Pakupedzisira, wa14 kubva kumuzinda murayiro akauya kuti 138th Division raiva kutanga pakaunda-tsamwisa nechinangwa vabatane pamwe pedyo zvikamu Red Army. Ipapo vanotsigira muti akakwanisa rotonhorera kuburikidza 200 metres uye chichiita mupendero panguva ino nzvimbo.

Vhiki shomanana gare gare, January 10, 1943, vakatanga vakawanda tsamwisa Soviet muchikamu ichi Stalingrad. 138th Division vakatamira kune imwe inokosha inokosha chinhu - fekitari "Red October". Saka akagumisa umhare kudzivirira "kwezvinovharidzira". Vakwikwidzi pakurwa vaiva akapa mutongo. Lyudnikov pachake akava Major General.

Hondo Stalingrad kunyanya kuvazivisa anoverengeka chinozikamwa Mienzaniso ushingi uye inflexibility Soviet navarwi. Zvazova chiratidzo chakadaro Lyudnikov Island. Volgograd nhasi vanoyeuka magamba ayo uye vakudze ndangariro dzavo.