Amir Temur - guru wehondo: Biography, zvinonakidza zvinhu

Mumwe unhu yakakurumbira munhoroondo yenyika ndiye Amir Temur - guru mukuru uye mamiriro mufananidzo kuMiddle Ages. Akanzi zvakasiyana - Chirema Katya, Tamerlane, Vaeriy Gurgan, asi kwese zita mukundi iziviswe pamwe nokutya. marudzi ose akafuridzirwa kushamiswa Amir Temur - guru wavarwi. Biography mutongi uye vemauto mutungamiri ichava nyaya kukurukurirana kwedu.

dzinza

Chokutanga, ngationei kuti Pedigree romutungamiriri kukuru. Madzitateguru Amir Temur akabva Mongol Barlas rudzi, iyo panguva yaakaberekwa zvikurukuru otyurchilos. Zvinonzi kuonekwa tateguru Hachiu Baralutaya mwanakomana.

Mushure mukuru Mongol pavakakunda zvokutora chikamu Barlasov akatamira Central Asia, uye chikamu Chagatai ulus, mumwe chikamu Empire, yakatsaurirwa mwanakomana Genghis Khan, Chagatai navana vake. Barlas zvikuru kutevedzera tsika vemo, kunyange zvichachengetwawo mugove chinokosha kwetsika dzavo. Dzavo ataura mutauro waiva mutauro inonzi Chagatai, inova rudzi starouygurskogo mutauro Turkic. Pakazosvika nguva yokuberekwa Vaeriy Barlas haana vakanakidzwa Mongolian matauriro.

Baba Temur aiva Muhamed Taragay, zviduku feudal ishe, vakabva Karachar kuNoyon, akanga rworudyi Chagatai. Amai yemberi wehondo aiva Tekin Khatun. Kubva muchato ichi, kunze Temur vanakomana vatatu - Alim Sheikh, Juki uye Suyurgatmysh uye mwanasikana Qutlugh Turkan. Gare gare Taragay ikashandiswa wanano yechipiri Kadak khatun, iyo akaberekwa mwanasikana Shirikov achipemha.

Saka, nokududzira mashoko ari Kunyatsoziva European mazwi kwatiri, tinogona kutaura kuti Temur aibva anokudzwa mhuri diki.

Mamiriro ari mamiriro Chagatai

Chokwadi, Amir Temur - guru mutungamiri rehondo, Biography yake izere dzinonakidza chokwadi, asi usati kutanga kuridzidza, vanofanira kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro mamiriro ezvinhu mamiriro Chagatai, iyo nzvimbo yechizvarirwo pakati aizokunda.

Pakazosvika nguva yokuberekwa Tamerlane Chagatai ulus chiri amorphous mamiriro, umo simba Khan kwakanga simba. The anozivikanwa ne nyonganyonga yezvematongerwe enyika munyika uye internecine hondo. Kazhinji, vatongi vakafa rufu rwechisimba. Yochinja pachigaro choushe yava kwazvo kakawanda. Kuedza nevamwe vamiririri Chagatai chigaro kusimbisa simba rayo uye kubata kutarisirwa mugumisiro management kuchinja haana kupiwa.

Pakupedzisira, muna 1346, pashure pokuberekwa Katya, Genghis Khan chigaro akarasikirwa kudzora Mawarannahr (nzizi Amu DARYA uye Ishe DARYA). Chagatai kukwanisa kuramba tiine simba chete Nzizi Seven, iyo yava kunzi ne Mogolistanom. Saka, muna 1346 ari Chagatai ulus yakakamurwa muzvikamu zviviri.

Kumadokero chikamu (Maurya) akavamba Kazagan, richiuraya chepamutemo mutongi Kazan Khan. Akanga asiri Genghisides, uye saka aigona kugamuchira Khan kuti rokuremekedza. Akatora musoro ishe nemirayiro nokuda nominee Khans pakati Chagatai dzinza. Muna 1358 Kazagan vakaurayirwa chigaro mutongi Mogolistan Tughlugh Katya, anouya mwanakomana wake mutemo. Pashure kupondwa mwanakomana wake Kazagana Abdullah, aitonga kwenguva pfupi, Maurya anofukidza mhirizhonga. The nyika inopinda Chagataidov Toluca Katya ndokudzikunda.

Kuno ezvinhu ichi akauya pamusoro enyika pachimiro Amir Temur - guru wavarwi. Biography munhu uyu kwave chokuita zvakananga nezviitiko izvi.

Birth uye mangwanani makore

Zvino ngationei kana kupi Amir Temur akaberekwa. Future mukundi huru, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, akaberekwa mumhuri Muhammad Taragay. Izvi zvakaitika muna April 1336 mumusha Khodja-Ilgar, riri pedyo Kesh (Shakhrisabz zvino muna Uzbekistan). Munzvimbo idzi aipedza pauduku hwake Amir Temur. Biography makore ake okutanga muupenyu aisatombowanika, asi vamwe matsime zviri pachena kuti kubvira pazera Tamerlane Aifarira kuvhima, uye 10 vakatanga kudzidzirwa dzakazara muchiuto pasi pokudzora nenyanzvi varayiridzi makore.

Muna 1356, akaroora muzukuru ishe Kazagana - Uldjai-Turkan. Mugore iroro mwana wavo wokutanga akaberekwa - Jahangir.

Kana aizokunda nemakore 25, muna 1361 baba vake vakafa. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, zita Temur rinowanika yaMakoronike.

Nguva kutsvakatsvaka

Pakutanga iripo Temur akanga zviduku remauto, basa naye pachake. Kumusoro yokuzviparadzanisa ichi Tamerlane vakatanga kushumira Togluk-Temur, vakakunda muna 1360 Maurya. Akaita Katya mubati madzinza munzvimbo dzakapoteredza Kesh. Asi pashure pemakore maviri Tughlugh Katya akamanikidzwa kutiza munyika, sezvo mhirizhonga vakatanga Mogolistane. Mutevedzeri ake, akasiya mwanakomana wake Eria Khoja.

Nokukurumidza Eria Khoja akasarudza Temur kubvisa kubva kuruzhinji mabasa, uye kunyange kuuraya, kana zvichibvira. Kudzidza uku, Tamerlane anokanda basa uye kutamira pedyo mukoma hanzvadzi yake - Hussein, muzukuru ishe Kazaganu. Ivo, uye napamberi kuti paiva chaizvo ukama, asi muna 1360 mumugwagwa Katya uye Hussein vakaparadzana. Chakatanga kupinda pabasa Mogolistan Khan nevamwe vakasarudza nzira hondo. Asi Hussein akakundwa uye anomhanya kubva Balkh, umo mitemo Kabul.

Zvino Katya uye Hussein zvakare kuva vatsigiri. mubatanidzwa wavo yakura ropa hama. The nguva kubva 1361 ne 1364 yaiva nguva vachidzungaira uye achirwisana Mughals. Friends uye vaiziva mufaro kukunda uye kuvava kukundwa. Vaiva basa vatongi zhinji, kwete kukanganwa zvinangwa zvikuru panguva imwe chete. Kunyange vakatapwa panguva ino Ndakashanyira Amir Temur. Biography ramangwana guru wavarwi akati kuti mune rimwe hondo iyoyo akanga vakakuvadzwa zvikuru gumbo, nokuti zvakasara akaremara upenyu. Ndokusaka rakatumidzwa Temur Liang, rinoreva Hromets, kana iri European nenzira - Tamerlane.

Kukunda Mughals

Pakupedzisira, Hussein akakwanisa torazve guta Balkh. Pakafa Tughlugh Vaeriy Katya uye Hussein akakwanisa ndokudzinga mwanakomana wake Eria Khoja pamusoro Maverannahr. Vanokunda Mughals ari yairwirwa hondo panguva Stone Bridge (1363), uye vakavadzinga kubva munyika. Hussein anova ishe pamusoro Samarkand. Asi muna 1365 nokuda kuzengurira kuti Saddam vatsigiri vakundwa Eria Khoja mumatope muhondo uye vanomanikidzwa kuti vabve muguta. Serbedars kumukira muna 1366, rinotungamirirwa pamusoro Mughals, vachibvumira vachawanazve simba pamusoro nharaunda Hussein uye Temur.

Ishe pamusoro Samarkand uye mutongi mukuru Maverannahr Hussein akatanga zvakare, uye Temur - chete mukuru wake mubetseri. Izvi ndozvakaita kuti pave mitswi zvaiita ushamwari hwakasimba sezvo Temur akawana pachavo kunyimwa weboka simba.

Vachirwisa Hussein

Pakupedzisira yokumbozorora noukama pakati Katya uye Hussein kwakaitika muna 1367 pashure pokufa wake uye hanzvadzi wechipiri pavo rokutanga - Uldjai-Turkan.

The nebope pakati pavo akakura. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti nokuda inonzwisisika uye kufunga nezviito Temur kutendeseka pakati pavanhu uye mumaziso varwi rakaramba. Asi Hussein nzvimbo yakarukutika. Kubva zvakatanga kutora zvakawanda varwi vari mumusasa, iro rakarongwa Amir Temur. The Biography pamusoro wavarwi rino wakazaruka chitsauko itsva yake.

Temur pakati Hussein uye 1367 kuti 1370 vakatanga pachena nharo, vachirwa. Paiva nenguva vemauto takayananiswa uye zvakare kuva nevatsigiri, asi haana wekare pamapatya ukama akanga asisiri pakati pavo. Muna 1370, munyika inokosha Hondo Balkh, Temur akakunda Hussein. Amir Samarkand yakatorwa uye akaurayiwa akumbirwa Tamerlane shamwari, kunyange iye pachake akanga atsausa kutenda, kuti aponese upenyu shamwari yake ekare.

Temur akaroora wako Hussein Saray-mulk, uko kwakanga mwanasikana chepamutemo mutongi Kazan Chagatai Khan okupedzisira. Saka Tamerlan ukama neimba Genghis Khan. Pashure paizvozvo akatora kuzvikudza pakati eMongolia Gurgan remadunhu-, izvo zvinoreva kuti "mwanakomana-mu-Khan." muchato uyu vakabvumira nekodzero rake vanoti simba munharaunda.

Velikiy Amir

Pakafa Hussein ikaunganidzwa Kurultai, iro chisarudzo pamusoro kuziviswa Tamerlane ishe Turan (sezvazvakanyorwa yakazozivikanwa seshanduro State). Kufanana nowakautangira, hazvina kugamuchira Khan kuti rokuremekedza, izvo akabvumira kupfeka chete nhaka Genghisides. Khan akasarudzwa mwanakomana Kazan Khan, munin'ina wemufi mudzimai Tamerlane, Suyugartmysh. Asi munhu wose aiziva kuti ndiani muridzi simba chairo. mutongi Real aiva Amir Temur - guru wavarwi. Biography iroro munhu ari ramangwana kwave chokuita nokusimbaradza uye kuwedzera pawaiva.

guta ravo, uyewo Hussein, Tamerlane akaita kuguta rekare Samarkand. Iye yakashongedzwa izvozvo nenzira yose, vakabatsira kukura nesayenzi. Nechekare mumakore okutanga rokutonga Temur akakwanisa kusimbisa hurumende simba munyika kusvikira panguva yakabvamburwa kukakavara. Zvino aigona kuita chiito nawo akava nomukurumbira munyika - mashoko kukunda kukuru.

kukunda ose Tamerlane

Hazvina kukwana kuti Amir Temur - guru wavarwi. murume uyu - mumwe mukuru vatungamiriri vemauto nguva dzose. Akakwanisa kusika mukuru umambo, izvo kukura hakusi zvikuru muduku Simba Genghis Khan.

External zvematongerwo enyika Katya akanga kwazvo. Akaita dzakawanda nzendo kuna Mogolistan uye pakupedzisira chaizvoizvo akunda izvozvo. Kashanu kutumira mauto Khorezm, izvo pakupedzisira zvakatungamirira accession ayo umambo.

Muna 80-ies ari XIV remakore Temur akakwanisa kukurira nharaunda yose Iran. Nokuda aomerwa Tamerlane, kuti Blue Horde akauya simba Tokhtamysh. Gare gare akakwanisa kuwana nzvimbo iri Golden Horde. Asi, kunzwa simba zvakare, Tokhtamysh akasarudza kuwana rusununguko kubva anorichengeta simba. Izvi zvakaita kuti refu hondo pakati Khan Yechinwiwa Horde uye ishe pamusoro Turan. Temur akaita matatu kurwisa Tokhtamysh. Nokufamba wokupedzisira ishe wavo kunyange nechisimba munharaunda kweRussia, sacking mamwe madhorobha emo. Pakupedzisira Tokhtamysh Akabviswa uye nzvimbo yake vakagadzwa Khan Vaeriy Qutlugh - the protege mutsva Tamerlane.

Mumwe mukuru kukunda Katya aiva Hondo Ankara, apo muna 1402 akakunda mumwe mukundi kukuru - hweOttoman Sultan Bayezid - uye vakamutora musungwa.

Uyezve, Tamerlane akaita nhamba vabudirire mishandirapamwe kuIndia, uye pakupedzisira hwake akaita rwendo China, asi rufu Akatapudza aronga kukunda China.

rufu Temur

Tamerlane akafa kumavambo 1405 aine makore 68, panguva sangano rimwe kurwisa China, muguta Otrar. muviri wake pasi balzamirovke uye kuendeswa kune guta guru roumambo - Samarkand.

Gare gare guta rino rakavakwa navanakomana Tamerlane kuGuri ishe mausoleum apo akavigwa Amir Temur - guru wavarwi. Photos of guva anogona kuonekwa pamusoro.

nhaka

Amir Temur akasika mumwe mukuru umambo nguva dzose. Ndima yayo akatambanudza kubva kumuganhu India uye China kumabvazuva kusvikira kuGungwa Guru riri kumavirazuva, kubva Indian Ocean kumaodzanyemba kuRussia kuchamhembe. Asi vana uye vazukuru havagoni kuponesa simba yababa vake. Pakati pavo yakatanga internecine hondo, izvo zvakazoita kuti pokuwa umambo. Kwokupedzisira kuondomoka Timurids masimba chakaitika pashure nechisimba kubva kuchamhembe anongofamba Uzbeks.

Zvisinei, mumwe wevanakomana Tamerlane - Babur - aiva muvambi mumwe simba mamiriro, izvo, kusiyana revashanyi urwo rwakatora emakore akawanda. mamiriro ichi yakava Empire pamusoro Moguls Great kuIndia.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

Ngatimboonai zvimwe dzinonakidza zvinhu paupenyu Amir Temur.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti achiri muduku ari muutapwa, pamwe hanzvadzi rimwe Hussein Turkmen kwavatungamiriri vakuru vehondo. Vari nechinangwa vatengeswe savaranda. Chete kurevererwa munin'ina wake mutongi Katya uye Hussein asunungurwa.

Chimwe chikuru zvido Tamerlane akanga achitamba shatranj, anonzi baba wechesi ano.

mamiriro

Chokwadi, zvakaoma kupa tsananguro izere yakadaro-chinja unhu, waiva Amir Temur. Brief Biography haabvumiri kuzviita kuti zvakazara. Zvisinei, tinoziva kuti Tamerlan anonakidzwa kwete chete nehondo uye nomufambiro paruzhinji remabasa, asi vakazvipira yakawanda nguva sayenzi unyanzvi.

Chokwadi, Amir Temur aiva mumwe chakajeka unhu munguva yake. Raiva simba kwake uye vakatsunga munhu, nemhaka incredible aikwanisa uye kunoshamisa ungwaru, akakwanisa kusika mukuru umambo.