Vera Voloshin ishamwari ye "musikana ane paddle". Hero yeRussia Federation Vera Voloshina

Vera Voloshin akaitei? Ndiyani iye? Izvi nezvimwe nyaya zvatichakurukura munyaya yacho. Vera aiva murume weRobert Army wokuremekedza uye kuparadza kusanganisa, izvo zvaiva zvehofisi yeWest Front. Uyu musikana akakandwa muGerman shure muna 1941, uye ndiye Hero weRussian Federation (1944).

Biography

The feat of Telief Voloshin inozivikanwa kune vakawanda. Musikana uyu akaberekwa muna 1919, musi waSeptember 30, mumusha weSchcheglovsk (iye zvino-megapolis Kemerovo) weVerkho-Tomsk volost weZuznetsky weruwa rweTomsk muRussia, mumhuri yemudzidzisi nemudzidzisi. Paakatanga kutora chikoro, akapindawo mumitambo: mitambo uye gymnastics. Muchikoro chepamusoro akazova mukundi wehutsananguro mukukwirira kukuru.

Yury Dvuzhilny aiva shamwari yake yepedyo uye mudzidzi. Apo Vera akapedza kudzidza kubva kuchikoro chegumi, akatamira kuMoscow. Muna 1936 musikana akapinda muCentral State Institute of Physical Education. Panguva imwecheteyo, akanyoresa mubato rekubhururuka reMoscow, kwaakatanga kudzidza kudzika neparachute uye akaziva kuongorora kweI-153 "Chaika" ndege. Akatorawo nekutora, kupfura uye nhetembo. Muna 1936, akanyora chirevo chaakatsanangura chido chake chekutora chikamu muhondo yehurumende yakatanga kuSpain. Akaramba.

Muiti uye muvezi mufananidzo we Shadr muna 1935 akawana urongwa hwehurumende hwekugadzirwa kwemifananidzo yakawanda yeGorky Park yeZororo neZvamwe, iyo yakanga ichivakwa muMoscow panguva iyoyo. Akaenda kudziva rekambani yemitambo, kwaakada mudzidzi Voloshin. Boka revadzidzi makumi maviri, kusanganisira Vera, raiva mumusangano wemifananidzo.

Munzvimbo dzakapoteredza zvitubu pamusuo mukuru weCentral Park yeCultural and Culture yakaiswa mufananidzo we "Musikana ane Paddle" - iyo chaiyo yekutenda. Kufanana kwakasiyana kwebasa iri rekugadzira kwakagadziriswa mumapaki eUnited Union yose. Maererano nedzimwe ruzivo, iyi inyaya. Chaizvoizvo Shadr akaita shanduro yekutanga yemufananidzo muna 1934-1935, apo Vera aiva nemakore gumi nemashanu nemakore gumi nemashanu, uye akanga asingagoni kuva mudzidzi akapedza chikoro.

Mukuwedzera, shanduro yechipiri yemufananidzo yakagadzirwa mushure mekutsoropodzwa kubva kune imwe mienzaniso, uye basa romumwe muvezi rakawanda. Sei chifananidzo chacho chakatsoropodzwa? Nemhaka yokuti iye haana zvachose asina nguo, iyo yakanyatsobatanidzwa nemitemo yePuritan yakatangwa.

Mugore rokutanga, Vera Voloshina pakati pevamwe vadzidzi vakaenda kumusasa wemitambo yechando, iri pedyo naSerpukhov. Iko musikana akanga achirwara nehosha, nekuda kwekuti makumbo ake akatanga kukuvadza. Aifanira kurapwa kwemazuva mazhinji, asi semugumisiro iye aifanira kumusiya zvidzidzo payunivhesiti yemitambo.

Kunyange zvakadaro, paakaungana nemasimba, Vera akadzokera kuMoscow, uye pamwe neshamwari dzake kubva kumusha kwake megapolis akapinda muMoscow University of Cooperative Soviet Trade.

Muna 1941, muzhizha, Vera Voloshina, mushure mekunge apedzisa gore rechitatu, akapedza miedzo ndokubva asara kuZagorsk pedyo neMoscow, kwaakatanga kudzidzira. Vose pamwe chete neshamwari dzekirasi, akasarudza musi waJune 22 kuenda kune imwe musuo kumusitamende weUtatu-Sergius Lavra. Ari munzira, vasikana vari muchitoro vedhipatimendi vakatenga Vera chikafu chichena chesilika. Mushure mezvose, gore rakatevera, akaronga kuroorwa naIri Two-Fray. Yuri akanga atovapa iye, uye vadikani vakasarudza pazuva remuchato. Musi iwoyo zuva, Vera akaziva kuti hondo yakanga yatanga.

Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti Voloshina akafa muna 1941, musi waNovember 29, mumusha weGolovkovo (Naro-Fominsk district, kuMoscow).

Basa rokutanga

Kusvikira ikozvino, vanhu vanoyeuka ivo vaVera Voloshina. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti apo Hondo huru yePatriotic yakauya, musikana uyu akabatanidzwa kugadzira anti-tank migova nemigero munzvimbo inoswedera kuMoscow. MunaOctober, akabatana nemapoka eRobert Army wezvisarudzo zvake. Akanyoresa muuto rechiuto Nhamba 9903, iyo yaiva yebazi rekucherechedza kwedzimbahwe reWestern Front Line, kuti riite mabasa kune shure kwemuvengi.

Kwenguva yekutanga yekuita hondo, Vera akabva muna 1941, musi waOctober 21, muruwa rweZavidovo pedyo neMoscow. Mushure mezvo iye katanhatu akabudirira kubudirira kumushure kwevaJalimane.

Zoya

Muuto rechiuto Nhamba ye 9903 muna 1941, munaNovember, zvinyorwa zvakasvika. Pakati pevaya vainge vari Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, uyo akanga achangobva kupedza chikoro. Zoya ari muboka akatanga kuchengetedza zvishoma, asi munguva pfupi Vera akamuwana asvika, uye vasikana vakava vasikana. Pabasa rekupedzisira rekuisa moto (kuisa) iyo inopisa uye yekuzorora kwemuvengi (mumusi iwoyo kutonhora kwaive kunotonhora) vakabva pamwe chete.

Kuzadzisa basa racho

Muna 1941, musi waNovember 21, mapoka maviri akasara shure kwevavengi. Yokutanga yakatungamirirwa naKarinov Boris. Yechipiri yakagadzwa naVoloshin, uye mutungamiriri - Provorov Pavel. Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya akanga ari muchikwata chechipiri. Apo vashamba vakayambuka mberi, vaifanira kugadzira mapoka maviri, rimwe nerimwe raive rine basa rayo.

Kunyange zvakadaro, apo pamberi pevarwi vakayambuka muvengi vakadzingwa, uye vakagadzira chikwata chakakurumidza kuumbwa, zvisinganzwisisiki zvakagadzirwa. Saka makwara aVera naZoya vakaparadzana nenzira. Iboka raKosmodemyanskaya rakananga kumusha wePetryshchevo. Vera zvakare akaenderera mberi nebasa pamwe nevasikana vake. Asi pakati pemisha yeGolovkovo ne Yakshino, mauto ake zvakare akawira pasi pechibharo, achidururira kuvavandira veJalimane. Vera akakuvara uye akatorwa nefascists.

Vashandi vake vaviri vakanga vachitsvaka Kutenda kana chitunha chake, asi havana kukwanisa kuzviwana. Kwemazuva mazhinji, murwi weArmed Army Vera Voloshina akanga ari pane zvakarongwa nevanhu vasipo. Muna 1957 chete, kuburikidza nebasa rokutsvaga mutori wenhau nemunyori GN Frolov, zvaive zvichibvira kuziva kuti Vera akafa sei uye akawana guva rake.

Rufu

Kuurawa kwaVera Voloshina chiitiko chinotyisa. Vagari vomunharaunda vakati maGermany akasunga kutenda muna 1941, musi waNovember 29, kumunda wehurumende yeGolovkovo. Uchapupu hwekufa kwemusikana uyu wakataura kuti maGermany akanga aunza Vera kunzvimbo yekuurayiwa nemotokari. Vakagadzira kubva mumugwagwa wemiorivhi maruva, uko kwakange kune vakawanda vevascist vakanga vaungana. Vakatorawo varwi vakatapwa veRussia vachishanda seri kwebhiriji pano.

Pakutanga Voloshin akanga asingaonekwi, asi apo masvingo emadziro emotokari akaderedzwa, vanhu vakapera. Musikana uyu akanga avete mumucheka wake wepurasitiki, iyo yose yakanga yakabvamburwa uye yakasanganiswa neropa. Vatongi vaviri vakakwira mumotokari uye vaida kubatsira kukwira Vera. Asi akavakurudzira kure, uye, achibatanidza thabhi neruoko rumwe, akasimuka kumakumbo ake. Ruoko rwake rwechipiri rwakanyunguduka sechiroto-sezviri pachena, chakakanganiswa.

Uye ipapo Vera akatanga kutaura. Chokutanga, akataura mitsara mashomanana muchiGerman uye, ipapo, akapfuurira kutaura kwake muchiRussia. Akataura kuti akanga asingatyi rufu, nokuti aive nechokwadi chokuti shamwari dzake dzaizomutsiva. Akataura kuti maRussia aizoramba achikunda maGermany. Mashoko ekupedzisira aVera Voloshina nokusingaperi akarova muchirangaridzo chevagari vepurazi rehurumende Golovkovo.

Uye musikana wacho akabva atanga kuimba. Akaimba "Internationale", iyo, pasi pehurumende yeSoviet, yaigara ichiimba pamisangano uye yaiparidzwa paredhiyo mangwanani uye manheru. VaGermany vakateerera vakanyarara mukuimba kwaVera. Mutariri aiva mutariri wekuurayiwa, akadanidzira chimwe chinhu kumasoja. Vakakanda chifukidzo pamutsipa waVera ndokukwira kubva pamotokari.

Mukuru wacho akaswedera kumudhairi uye akamuraira kuti abate. Uye haafaniri kufamba, iye ose akachena. Sezviri pachena, akanga asina kushandiswa kuti atore vanhu zvakare. Mupurisa wacho akabva atora mupanduki kunze kwehollster yake ndokudanidzira chimwe chinhu kumotokari. Sezviri pachena, akanga achinyanyisa. Akaita seanomuka, uye motokari yacho yakaenda. Vera aive nenguva yekudanidzira, zvakadanidzira zvokuti vanhu vomunharaunda yacho vakazorora mumasana avo: "Tenderai, shamwari!" Apo chapupu chakazarura meso ake, akaona kuti Vera akanga atovaturika.

Grave

Vanhu havazombokanganwi rudo rwekutenda kwaVera Voloshina. Chero pakati peDecember muvengi akadzoka, uye vagari veGolovkovo vanogona kubvisa mutumbi wekutenda kubva mumhepo. Vakamuviga ne mbiri pano. Mucherechedzo wake akazoendeswa kumakuva akawanda eKryukov.

Mushure mechinguva muzvinyorwa zveGermany zvakawanikwa mufananidzo wemusikana akaremberedzwa. Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinonyatsoziva kuti kuurawa kwaVoloshin kwakanyorwa pamusoro pavo.

Kurasika kusingatauriki

Musha wePetrishchevo waiva makiromita gumi kubva Golovkovo. Pazuva rokuurawa kwaVera, Kosmodemyanskaya Zoya akaturika mukati make.

Hero yeSoviet Union Yury, mudiwa weVera, haanawo kupona hondo. Akafira muhondo, achiita basa reMogilev.

Makomborero

Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti Vera Voloshina ishero yeRussian Federation. Iri zita rakapiwa kwaari muna 1994, musi waMay 6. Muna 1966, musi waJanuary 27, pepanhau rePravda rakabudisa mutsara neFrolov Georgy Nikolayevich ane musoro weThe Order of the Daughter.

MunaSeptember, zviitiko zvekuseka zvakatsaurirwa kuHondo yeMoscow zvakaitwa. Uye panguva iyi panguva iyo MP Georgadze (Munyori wePremidium we Supreme Soviet yeU.SR) akapa Amai Vekutenda neChirongwa cheHondo yePatriotic yechiremba chekutanga.

Museums

Kubvumirana, Vera Voloshina's biography inoshamisa. Mukumuremekedza, zvinotevera musamuziyamu zvakasikwa:

• Voloshina Vera Museum uye Two-Core Yuri Museum (Kemerovo, Chikoro No. 12).
• Chikamu chechiratidziro, chiri munhoroondo yezvicherwa zvekugara kweguta (guta reNaro-Fominsk, kuMoscow munharaunda).
• Club "Memory" (iyo yaimbova museum weVoloshina Vera mumusha weKryukovo, Naro-Fominsk munharaunda).

Memory

Mukukudzwa kwe heroine zvivako zvinotevera zvakasimbiswa:

• Chigaro cheVera Voloshina muGolovkovo (Naro-Fominsk district, kuMoscow).
• Chikumbaridzo kuVoloshina mumusha weKryukovo (Naro-Fominsk district, kuMoscow).
• Kune st. Vera Voloshina mumaguta e Mytishchi, Kemerovo, Dagestan Ogni, Belovo (Kemerovo Region).
• Muna 2017, zita rake rakapiwa kune tarisiro muHoroshevsky District yekutungamirira kuchamhembe kweMoscow District (raimbova Projected Road No. 6084).
• Imba yevana muguta reNaro-Fominsk inewo zita rake.
• Guta reguta mumuguta reKemerovo inonzi zita rake.
• Nhamba yechikoro 12 muguta reKemerovo inomutumidza zita rake.
• Ngarava yekambani yeAzov yokutumira yakapiwa zita re heroine.
• Zita raVera rakapiwa IAOU lyceum yemusha weGolovkovo, uko heroine yakafa.
• A documentary film "Vera Voloshina: akaurawa kaviri" yakasikwa (musangano "The Third Rome", 2007).
• Zita rekutenda ipasi duku ye 2009 Voloshina.
• Panotungamirirwa neJaroslavl yemotokari yeMoscow, kubvira muna 2003, chitima "chakatumidzwa zita reHero weRussia Voloshina Vera" chakatanga kumhanya.

Zvifananidzo

Chii chinyorwa chinozivikanwa "Musikana ane Paddle"? Pane iye akanaka? "Musikana ane Paddle" iro rinowanzozivikanwa nemifananidzo yakaitwa panguva dzakasiyana nevevevadzidzisi veRomuald Iodko naIvan Shadr. Yakava zita remhuri yezvifananidzo zvakafanana zvepalster ("socialist realism of gypsum"), iyo iyo panguva yeSoviet yakashongedzwa nemitambo yezororo uye tsika.

Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti kudzorerwa kweMoscow Gorky Park Gorky muna 1934 kwakabatanidzwa muvakirwe Alexander Vlasov. Akasarudza mukati mehova ane matsime kuti agadzire mhando yemanzwiro akafanana nemufananidzo wemukadzi. Sezvo kare Vlasov akanga atove akakumbira kuna Ivan Shadr pamusoro pekugadzira zvifananidzo zvakasiyana-siyana mupaki, muvakiriti akamupa kuti afukidze chifananidzo chikuru chezvivaraidzo.

Shadr mugore rimwechete akatanga kushanda pamufananidzo "Musikana ane Paddle". Kureba kwayo, pamwe nechendarira chendarira, yaiva mamita gumi nemaviri. Sei tenzi wacho akaita izvi zvakakwirira? Akafamba kubva pamatareji epamusoro nehupamhi hwetsime uye nzvimbo dzepaki dzinotungamirira kwairi. Chifananidzo chacho chakaiswa muna 1935 pakati pechitubu pane parkway main.

Maererano nesano, muvezi akasarudza Vera Voloshin semuenzaniso, sezvatakurukura pamusoro apa. Chifananidzo chacho chaifananidzira mutambi wechikadzi asina nguo dzakamira uye akabata mbambo muruoko rwake rworudyi. Chimiro chayo chaive chakasiyana-siyana mukuchinja kwe musoro uye chifukidzo, chinyorwa chakasimba chepurasitiki. Bvudzi rakakanganiswa mukati ma "nyanga" mbiri, musoro wacho wakanyatsorondedzerwa, mushure memusoro uye pamberi zvakange zvakazaruka zvachose.

Zvisinei, komiti yekugamuchira yakatsoropodza basa raSharr, kusanganisira nokuda kwepamusoro, uye mugore rimwechete icho chifananidzo chakaendeswa kunzvimbo yekuvaraidza uye tsika yeL Lugansk. The Tretyakov Gallery inochengetedza kopi yayo yakaderedzwa. Pakusimbirira kwemudzimai wake Shadra, chiganda chake chinoshanda kumakore ekupedzisira kwema1950 chakanga chakaitwa nendarira.

Muzhizha ra1936, Ivan Shadr akaita mutsva wakaderedzwa mumiriri wemamita masere ematoni ekrete. Panguva ino mutevedzeri wake waiva mudzidzisi wemitambo Bedrinskaya Zoya. Chifananidzo chacho chakaiswa pahomwe yekodhi iri mukati mechitsime. Akaripoteredza, hova dzemvura dzaidururira, zvichigadzira chifukidziro chaicho. Muna 1941, panguva yebhomba, chifananidzo chakaparadzwa.

Vamwe vanodavira kuti Shadhi zvifananidzo zvakashandiswa sezviratidzo zvekuita gypsum makopi asingabhadharwi akaiswa mumapaki zvakakwana muSoviet Union. Ichokwadi, dzakagadzirwa nenzira yebasa remuvezi R. R. Iodko ane zita rimwe chete, iro raakasika muna 1936 nokuda kwepaki yemudhiyo "hydrophilic" "Dynamo". Mufananidzo uyu wakaitwa wegypsum uye wakanga wakareba mamita 2.5. Kusiyana ne "Musikana" waSharorov, chifananidzo chaIodko chine ganda muruoko rwake rworuboshwe uye chakapfekedzwa mumushamba.

Muna 1935, Iodko Romuald akaita chifananidzo che "Musikana ane Paddle" yeTsime. Chokutanga chakange chakaiswa muCherkizovo pamusangano weMoscow "Electric". Chifananidzo chacho chaifananidzira mukadzi amire kuruboshwe rwake. Akaisa rutsoka rwake rworudyi pachigadziko, achisimudzira mberi nemabvi. Ruoko rwake rworuboshwe rwakaburuswa ndokubata ruuno, uye ruoko rworudyi rwemukadzi rwakatsamira pachigamba. Aive akapfeka T-shati nemidhura. Ichi chifananidzo chakashandawo sechiratidziro chekuita makopi.

Zuva rezuva ranhasi

Muna 2011, munaEpril, kopi yemufananidzo yakaratidzwa muCrimean shaft muTrtyakov Gallery. Panguva imwecheteyo Sergey Kapkov (mutungamiriri weGorky Park) akati chifananidzo chichadzorerwa mupaki.

Muna 2011, musi waSeptember 3, chifananidzo chakagadziridzwa chaifanira kuiswa muCentral Park yeMasikirwo neMutambo (mukati memiganhu ye regatta Golden Boat). Maererano neshoko remumiriri wepaki, chifananidzo chacho chakaiswa muna 2011, musi waSeptember 1, uye chakazarurwa musi waSeptember 3, paGuta reMaguta.

Chokwadi chinofadza

Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti pamusoro pemusikana ane oar akanyora nziyo:

• Valery Syutkin.
• Dmitry Kimmelfeld.
• "Underwood" (album "The Red Button").
• Iboka "Aquarium" (album "Horse White").

Mune rwiyo rwebaanist uye munyori wegungano "Birch" naVetnov, rwiyo runotaurawo nezvekuzivikanwa kwakavezwa.