Military Communism

Hondo yeCommunism muRussia inzvimbo yakakosha yehukama hwehupfumi nehupfumi, hwakanga hwakavakirwa pakubviswa kwemari yezvigadzirwa zvemari uye kuiswa kwezviwanikwa zviripo musimba reBolshevik. Mumamiriro ezvinhu ehondo inowedzera munharaunda , nyika yakatumira kudzvinyirira kwezvokudya, kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakananga pakati pemusha nemuguta. Masoja ehurumende akatsigira kuiswa kwe "card system", basa guru rebasa, mutemo we "equalization" munhau yebhadharo rebasa.

Mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma zvikuru akaitwa munyika. Zvinokonzera hondo ye communism, kunyanya, yakave nechido chakasimba cheBolshevik kuchengetedza simba. Nokuda kweizvi, nzira dzakasiyana dzakashandiswa.

Chokutanga pane zvose, hurumende itsva yaida kudzivirira zvombo. Tichipa mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma kumavambo 1918, vaBolshevik munguva inopfupi kwazvo vanoita hondo. Yakanga iine mauto akaumbwa kubva kune vatungamiri vakasarudzwa uye varwi vanozvipira. Pakati pegore, hurumende inotanga basa rekumanikidzirwa rechiuto. Ichi chisarudzo chaive chakabatana nekutanga kwekupindira uye kukurudzirwa kwesangano rinopikisa. Trotsky (sachigaro weRevolutionary Military Council yenguva iyoyo) anotanga kururamisa zvakasimba mumauto akashonga pamwe nehurongwa hwekubatwa (apo mhuri yake yakapindura kutiza kwaiye akabva).

Masoja ehurumende akaparadza hupfumi hwenyika. Kubva kutanga kwekuvandudza, vaBolshevik vakakundikana kutonga nzvimbo dzakapfuma dzenyika: Western Siberia, nzvimbo yeVolga, muBaltic, Ukraine. Pakati peguta nenyika, hukama hwehupfumi hwakavhiringidzika munguva yehondo. Kusagadzikana kwezvemari kwakazadza mhirizhonga yakawanda uye kusagutsikana kwevatengesi.

Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu aya, vaBolshevik vari kutora matanho anoverengeka. Kuve nekugadzirisa kwekugadzirwa nekutengeswa kwakatanga. Hurumende yehurumende yakasimbiswa musi waJanuary 23 mumakambani evatengesi, saka musi waApril 22 - mune zvekunze kune dzimwe nyika. Kubvira pakati pe1918 (kubva munaJuni 22), hurumende yakatanga chirongwa chekugadzirisa mabhizinesi ane ruzivo rwemasuru makumi mashanu euru rubles. MunaNovember, hurumende yakaratidza hurumende yehurumende yemasangano ese umo nhamba yevashandi iri kubva kune mashanu kusvika kune gumi uye injini yemagetsi inoshandiswa. Pakupera kwaNovember, mutemo wakagamuchirwa pakugadziriswa kwemisika yepamusha.

Masoja echikominisi akagadzirisa dambudziko rekudya kweguta racho nekuwedzera chikwata chemauto mumaruwa. Somugumisiro, muna 1918, musi waJune 11, "matare" (matare evarombo) akatanga kusikwa , ane simba rokubata michero yakawanda kubva kune varimi vakapfuma. Iyi nzira yezviyero yakakundikana. Zvisinei, purogiramu yemadhora akawanda-yakaenderera mberi kusvikira muna 1921.

Nokuda kwekushaiwa kwezvokudya, ndakanga ndisingakwanisi kugadzirisa zvinodikanwa nevagari uye kadhi. Mukuwedzera, kuti urongwa uhwu hwaive husina kururama, hwakanga hwakavhiringidza zvakare. Zviremera hazvina kubudirira kuedza kurwisana ne "black market".

Pamakambani makuru chirango chakanyanyisa kuderera. Kuti uzvisimbise, vaBolshevik vatanga mabhuku ebasa, subbotniks, mabasa ehurumende.

Nyika yakatanga kusimbisa hutongi hwematongerwe enyika. Mapoka asiri eBolshevik akatanga zvishoma nezvishoma kuparadzwa. Nokudaro, maCadets akanzi "vavengi vevanhu", reRS Kuruboshwe rwakabviswa kubva kumitumbi yavakamiriririra vazhinji, avo vekare vakasungwa uye vakaputirwa.

Lenin akati mambakwedza eOctober kuti vaBolshevik, vatora simba, havazofi. Makominism ehondo uye NEP muna 1921 yakaendesa nyika kune dambudziko rezvemari. VaBolshevik vakaedza kuchengetedza simba kuburikidza nechisimba, kuparadzwa kwezvimirizhonga zvehurumende, kubvumirana kwemasangano ehurumende. Pasina mubvunzo, munharaunda yezvematongerwo enyika ivo vakagadzirisa hurumende. Zvisinei, hupfumi hwenyika hwakanga husingagadziriswi. Kubva kuRussia, vanenge mamiriyoni maviri vagari venyika (vazhinji vagari vemo) vakatamira, munzvimbo yeVolga, muna 1919, nzara yakaipa yakatanga (kwakanga kusina zviyo zvakasara mushure mokunge vatorwa). Somugumisiro, manheru eTenth Congress (muna 1919, musi waMarch 8) vashandi nevashambadzi veKronstadt vakasimuka, vachipa rubatsiro rwemasoja eOctober Revolution.