Graphene bhatiri nokuti motokari yemagetsi

Vazhinji vanodavira kuti remangwana motokari indasitiri nokuda motokari yemagetsi. Kunze, pane mabhiri iro chikamu gore kutengesa motokari vanofanira kunge VaNefirimu kana kumhanya pasi magetsi, saka mari inenge yashandiswa kwete kushambadza motokari, asiwo pakuvaka gasi zvechitima.

Zvisinei, vanhu vakawanda vachiri muchimirira motokari yemagetsi vachava vakwikwidzi chaivo motokari yechivanhu. Kana pamwe zvichava kana kuchaja nguva ipfupi, uye matochi upenyu kuchawedzera? Pamwe ichi chichabatsira vanhu graphene mabhatiri.

Chii graphene?

chizvarwa chitsva echimurenga zvokunyama, lightest uye kupfuura rakasimba, vakawanda electrically conductive - zvose pamusoro graphene, zvisina kupfuura maviri-dimensional rekamuri reimba kabhoni chete atomu gobvu. The creators of graphene, Konstantin Novoselov uye Andre Geim, akahwina Mubayiro. Kazhinji, pakati pakuvhurwa uye kutanga kushandiswa anobatsira yakawanikwa iri tsika anomhanya kwenguva refu, dzimwe nguva kunyange emakore, zvisinei, graphene asingadi kutambura zvinoitirwa. Zvichida ichi imhaka yokuti Geim uye Novoselov kuvanzira ayo kugadzirwa michina.

Havana chete vakataura nezvazvo pose, asi vakaratidza kuti pane vhidhiyo musi YouTube, apo Konstantin Novoselov akaudza zvakadzama pamusoro zvemichina ichi. Saka pamwe nokukurumidza tinogona kunyange kuita graphene mabhatiri nemaoko avo.

patani

Kuedza kushandisa graphene vari vanenge minda zvose nesayenzi. It akaedza rezuva mabhatiri, pamahedhifoni, nyaya uye akatoedza kubata kenza. Zvisinei, panguva imwe vaizotibata zvikuru uye zvakafanira kuti vanhu - munhu graphene bhatiri. Yeuka kuti muna zvakadai chisingarambiki zvakwakanakira serisina uye zvakatipoteredza ushamwari rinochiwedzera, motokari yemagetsi vane chakakomba drawback - vade yakaderera kunonyanyisa nokukurumidza uye simba kuchengeterwa vasina makiromita anopfuura mazana matatu.

Kugadzirisa dambudziko remakore

Graphene bhatiri inoshanda ichocho sezvo kutungamirira ane alkaline kana acidic electrolyte. Pfungwa iyi ndiyo electrochemical zvakaitwa. Maererano bhatiri mudziyo rakafanana graphene lithium Ion hwakasimba electrolyte, sezvamakaropafadzwa cathode ndiye marasha chemubhotoro, pedyo mu akafanana kuti wakachena kabhoni.

Zvisinei, zvino pakati mainjiniya kusimukira graphene bhatiri, pane vaviri vangasimudzira zvakasiyana mirayiridzo. U.S. masayendisiti aronga kuita cathode pakati graphene nesilicon zvitete yaiteverwa nemumwe, uye anode - of dzekare lithium cobalt. mainjiniya Russian vakawana imwe mhinduro. Chepfu uye anodhura lithium munyu anogona kutsiviwa ane zvakawanda zvakatipoteredza ushamwari uye kokupata magnesium oxide. Battery vanokwanisa ichiwedzerwa chero nyaya nokuwedzera mwero kwemutemo ions kubva mumwe electrode kune mumwe. Izvi zvinoitwa nokuti graphene aine indekisi dielectric uye kukwanisa kuunganidza yemagetsi mutariri.

Opinions vakakamurwa vaongorori utsanzi: mainjiniya Russian vanoti Graphene mabhatiri vane inokwana kaviri kupfuura lithium-Ion, asi avo dzimwe vashandi vanoti kuti muna gumi.

Graphene mabhatiri muhombodo vakawanda kugadzirwa muna 2015. Somuenzaniso, yave iri Spanish kambani Graphenano. Maererano mugadziri, kushandiswa mabhatiri idzi motokari yemagetsi iri logistics misika zvinoratidza zvechokwadi inoshanda zvingagona graphene bhatiri cathode. To zvakazara akamurairawo chete zvinotora maminitsi masere. The kunonyanyisa nzira kureba anokwanisawo kuwedzera graphene mabhatiri. Uchiraira 1,000? Km pane mazana matatu - kuti anoda kupa vatengi dzesangano Graphenano.

Spain uye China

With Graphenano pamwe Chinese boka Chint, izvo akatenga 10% rokutambudzikira Spanish Corporation kuti euros mamiriyoni 18. On vagari kuvaka zvivako chichaitwa pamwe kugadzirwa mitsara makumi maviri kurutivi chirimwa. The chirongwa atogamuchira vanenge mamiriyoni 30 mari, chichakurukurwa paakapiwa mu kugadzwa midziyo uye mubayiro vashandi. Zano yepakutanga yaiva kutanga muti kubereka masero vanenge mamiriyoni 80. Panguva kutanga kwekupwanyiwa, pamusika chikuru ndiko kuva China, uye ipapo aronga kutanga vazvo kune dzimwe nyika.

In wechipiri danho, kambani Chint akagadzirira kushandisa mamiriyoni 350 euros kuti pavakwe chimwe chirimwa, iyo ichava vashandi vanenge zvuru zvishanu. Izvi nhamba dziri zvisingashamisi paunofunga kuti yose kwemari yaizova anenge mabhiriyoni matatu euros. Uyezve, China, anozivikanwa nokuda matambudziko ayo pamwe zvakatipoteredza, zvichataurwa pamwe eco ushamwari uye zvakachipa "mafuta". Zvisinei, sezvo tinogona kucherechedza, kuwedzera mukuru-Profile zvikumbiro, chiedza havana kuona chinhu, chete bvunzo womuenzaniso. Kunyange zvazvo Volkswagen Corporation akazivisa chinangwa rayo pamwe Graphenano.

Tarisiro uye Reality

Muchivanze muna 2017, izvo zvinoreva kuti Graphenano vaita "muhombe" kugadzirwa mabhatiri kwemakore maviri, asi munzira kundosangana yemagetsi motokari - husiri nyore kuwana kwete chete nokuda Russia. nokurondedzerwa All uye nemashoko aburitswa dzesangano, ndingadaro Undefined. Kazhinji, havafaniri kuenda mhiri kwakajairika yokungotaura pfungwa pamusoro chii parameters vanofanira kuva graphene bhatiri kuti motokari yemagetsi.

Uyezve, saka kure zvose kuti kwave kune vose vatengi uye vanoita - ndiro chete yokutevedzera kombiyuta, hapana prototypes chaiwo. Rinowedzera zvinetso uye kuti graphene - zvokunyama kuti zvinodhura chaizvo kubereka. Pasinei ruzha mashoko nemasayendisiti pamusoro sei kuva "akadhindwa pamusoro pebvi", panguva ino chete vanokwanisa kuderedza mutengo vamwe zvinoriumba.

Graphene uye nyika musika

Vatsigiri vanoti zvose zvemarudzi nokumukira dzidziso kuti hapana munhu kunobatsira nechitarisiko motokari yakadaro, nekuti ipapo mafuta unopinda necheseri, uye nokudaro kuderedzwa uye mari yayo kugadzirwa. Zvisinei, kazhinji, mainjiniya nezvinoda zvimwe zvinetso, asi havadi kuzivisa nayo. Shoko "mbiru" zvino panguva kunzwa, vakawanda vanoona zvinhu remangwana, saka zvichida, masayendisiti havadi zvikanganise mukurumbira wake.

Zvinetso kukura

Zvisinei, nyaya yacho ingava, uye kuti zvinhu chaizvoizvo itsva, saka, zvinoda zvakakodzera kutaura. Zvichida mabhatiri pamwe graphene zvinofanira vangasimudzira akasiyana chinyakare lithium-Ion kana lithium-polymer.

Panewo imwe dzidziso. Graphenano Corporation yakazivisa kuti mabhatiri itsva dziri mhosva mumaminitsi misere. Nyanzvi zvinoratidza kuti ichi ndicho chokwadi zvichibvira, asi simba romugove vanokwanisa Hachifaniri asingasviki chimwe megawatt, zvinokwanisika kuti muedze ezvinhu panguva chirimwa, asi kwete pamba. Rokuvaka zvinoverengeka gasi dzemapurisa vachikwanisa kuchaita mari iwe yakawanda mari yakakwana, mutengo neshoko rimwe chete riri kumusoro chaizvo, saka graphene bhatiri nokuti motokari haazogumisi chero kubatsira.

Practice inoratidza kuti nguva iyo echimurenga michina midzi mumusika nyika. Zvakakodzera kuitisa-siyana nemiedzo kuitira chigadzirwa yakachengeteka, saka kwebhuku idzva rwokugadzira mano kazhinji kunonoka kwemakore akawanda.