Kuomanikidzwa kweDnieper neSoviet mauto muna 1943

Hondo yeDnieper yaiva imwe yehondo dzakaurayiwa zvikuru munhoroondo. Maererano nemichina yakasiyana-siyana, kurasikirwa kubva kumativi maviri, kuverenga vakaurayiwa uye vakakuvadzwa, kwakabva kubva pa17 kusvika ku 2.7 mamiriyoni evanhu. Iyi hondo yakanga iri yose yakarongeka yemabasa akaitwa nemauto eSoviet muna 1943. Pakati pavo kwaiva kuyambuka kweDnieper.

The Great River

Dnieper ndiro rwizi rwechitatu rukuru kune dzimwe nyika yeEurope mushure meDanube uye Volga. Uhu hwahwo huri munzvimbo dzezasi hunenge 3 km. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti bhenji rakarurama rakakwirira kwazvo uye rinokunda kupfuura kuruboshwe. Izvi zvakaoma zvikuru kutamiswa kwemauto. Mukuwedzera, maererano nemirairo ye Wehrmacht, masoja eGermany akatsigira gungwa rakapoteredza nenhamba yakawanda yezvipingamupinyi nemasvingo.

Zvokusarudza kutsvaga

Takatarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu aya, murairo weSoviet Army yakarangarira nezvekuendesa mauto nemishonga mhiri korwizi. Zvirongwa zviviri zvakagadzirwa, maererano nekuti Dnipro inambuka ingaitike. Nzira yekutanga yaisanganisira kuvhara varwi pamabhangi ehova uye kuwedzera mamwe mauniti kunzvimbo dzekutambidzwa kudarika. Urongwa hwakadaro hwakaita kuti zvive nyore kugona kukanganisa mumutsara wekudzivirira wevengi, pamwe nekunyatsoziva nzvimbo iyo kutambudzwa kunotevera kuchaitika.

Uyezve, kupesana kukuru kwakagadzirirwa, izvo zvaifanirwa kuguma nekukomba kwemauto ekudzivirirwa kweGermany uye kuendeswa kwemauto avo kune zvigaro zvisingabatsiri kwavari. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, masoja eWehrmacht haazombogoni kupa chero kukwanisa kukunda mitsara yavo yekudzivirira. Zvechokwadi, zano iri raive rakafanana neiri rakashandiswa nemaGermany ivo pachavo kuti vapfuure muMaginot Line pakutanga kwehondo.

Asi izvi zvakasiyana zvaive nezvakawanda zvinokanganisa. Akapa nguva yekuraira kweGermany kuunganidza humwe huwandu munharaunda yeDnieper, uyewo kuunganidza mashomanana nekusimbisa kudzivirirwa kuti kuratidze zvakajeka kuwedzera kwekuparadzwa kweSoviet Army munzvimbo dzakakodzera. Mukuwedzera, chirongwa chakadaro chakaisa mauto edu pangozi huru yekurwiswa nemakamuri ekugadzirwa kweGermany, ayo, aifanira kuonekwa, akanga ari nhumbi chaiyo yeHehrmacht kubvira pakutanga kwehondo munharaunda yeU.SR.

Chechipiri sarudzo ndeyokuyambuka kweDnieper nemauto eSoviet kuburikidza nekukuvadza simba risingaiti chero kugadzirira kuno rumwe rutivi rwakatarisana. Urongwa hwakadaro haruna kupa maJalimane nguva yekugadzira izvo zvinonzi Eastern Wall, uyewo kugadzirira kudzivirirwa kwebhuta ravo paDnieper. Asi chisarudzo ichi chinogona kutungamirira ku kurasikirwa kwakakura mumasangano eSoviet Army.

Kugadzirira kwe

Sezvaunoziva, nzvimbo dzeGermany dzaive dziri pabhangi yakarurama yeDnieper. Kune rumwe rutivi, maSoviet mauto aiva nenzvimbo, kureba kwayo yaiva anenge 300 km. Masimba makuru akabatanidzwa munzvimbo ino, saka pakanga pasina kutyisa kwevashandi kwemazana akawanda evarwi. Nhengo huru dzakamanikidzwa kumanikidzira Dnieper kuti zvigadziriswe nenzira chaiyo. Vakayambuka mhiri korwizi vachiwana zvikepe zvingarava, zvigadziriswa, zvakagadzirwa nematanda, mapuranga, miti yemiti uye kunyange pamabharani.

Hapana chinetso chakanga chiri mubvunzo wekuti ungatamira sei kune rumwe rutivi rwegungwa zvombo zvinorema. Ichokwadi ndechokuti pazvizhinji zvebhuta dzakanga dzisina nguva yekuendesa mune zvakakosha, ndicho chikonzero mutoro mukuru wekumanikidzira Dnieper wakawira pamapfudzi emakamuri engoro. Izvi zvakatungamirira kuhondo dzenguva refu uye kuwedzera kukuru mune kurasikirwa kwemauto eSoviet.

Kumanikidza

Pakupedzisira zuva rakasvika apo simba rechiuto rakafamba pane zvakaipa. Kuyambuka kweDnieper kwakatanga. Zuva rokutanga kuyambuka rwizi rwaiva musi waSeptember 22, 1943. Ipapo bhiriji remusoro, rakange riri pabheni rakarurama, rakatorwa. Iyi ndiyo yaiva nzvimbo yekutenderera kwemirwizi miviri - Pripyat uye Dnieper, iyo yaiva kurutivi rwokumusoro rwepamberi. Mazana makumi mana, iyo yaiva chikamu che Voronezh Front, uye chechitatu chemauto ehondo yakave kuda kusvika panguva imwechete yakakwanisa kuwana kubudirira kumwechete kune chikamu chekumaodzanyemba kweKiev.

Mushure mamazuva maviri, nzvimbo inotevera, iyo yaiva kumahombekombe ekumadokero, yakatorwa. Panguva ino yakaitika kure neDneprodzerzhinsk. Mazuva mana gare gare, mauto eSoviet akabudirira akayambuka rwizi muruwa rweKremenchug. Nokudaro, pakupera kwomwedzi kune rimwe bhandi rakatarisana neDnieper River 23 mabhuta akaumbwa. Zvimwe zvakanga zviduku zvokuti rutivi rwavo rwakazosvika 10 km, uye kubwinya kwaiva 1-2 chete.

Kuyambuka kweDnieper kwakaitwa ne12 yeSoviet mauto. Kuti nenzira imwe neimwe iparadzanise moto une simba wakagadzirwa nemauto eGermany, dzakawanda bhutu hwemashure dzakasikwa. Chinangwa chavo chaiva kuenzanisa kuwanda kwekufamba.

Kuyambuka kweDnieper nemauto eSoviet ndiyo muenzaniso wakajeka weusimba. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti mauto akashandisa kunyange mukana mudukuse wekuyambukira kune rumwe rutivi. Vakayambuka rwizi rwese kune chero ipi zvayo inogadziriswa mvura, iyo inogona kunge yakabatana nemvura. Masoja akatambura kurasikirwa kukuru, nguva dzose ari pasi pemoto unorema wevavengi. Vakakwanisa kusimbisa zvakasimba pamabhutiro akave akakunda, akavigwa muvhu kubva pakubvongodza zvombo zveGermany. Uyezve, mapoka eSoviet akafukidza moto wavo nemasimba matsva akauya kwavari kuzobatsira.

Kudzivirirwa kwekudzivirira

Mauto eGermany akadziviriridza nzvimbo dzavo, achishandisa simba rinopikisa pane imwe neimwe yekuputika. Chinangwa chavo chikuru chaiva kuparadzwa kwemauto evengi kusvika panguva iyo motokari dzinofambisa zvigaro dzinosvika kumhenderekedzo yakarurama yorwizi.

Mheyo yacho yaive pasi pekurwa kukuru kubva mumhepo. Mabhomba eGermany akadzingwa pamvura, uyewo mauto ehondo ari pamahombekombe. Pakutanga kwechiito chacho, Soviet ndege yakange isina kurongwa. Asi apo kubvumirana kwaro pamwe nevakasara vemauto pasi kwakaitwa, kudzivirirwa kwemuchinjikwa kwakagadziridzwa.

Zviito zveSoviet Army zvakashongedzwa korona yekubudirira. Kuyambuka kweDnieper muna 1943 kwakatungamirira pakukundwa kwebhuturo pamhenderekedzo yevavengi. Hondo dzinotyisa dzakaramba dziri munaOctober, asi nharaunda dzose dzakange dzakadzingwa kubva kuGermany dzakanga dzadziviswa, uye dzimwe dzakawedzerwa. Mauto eSoviet akaponesa simba ravo kune rimwe rinokuvadza.

Mass masimba

Saka akapedza kuyambuka kweDnieper. Magamba eSoviet Union - iri ndiro zita rakakosha zvikuru rakapiwa nguva pfupi kusvika 2 438 masoja avo vakapinda muhondo idzodzo. Hondo yeDnieper muenzaniso weushingi hunoshamisa uye kuzvipira kwakaratidzwa nemauto eSoviet nevatungamiriri. Chikomborero chakadai chakadai chaicho chete panguva yose yeGreat Patriotic War.