Kuparadzwa - chii ichi? Types uchinyara uye mamiriro avo

Shoko "kuparadzwa" rine midzi Latin. Chaizvoizvo, ichi izwi rinoreva "kuparadzwa." Chaizvoizvo, muna Mupfungwa yakakura, kuparadzwa - kutyora kuvimbika kwagara mamiriro kana kuuraya. Tsanangudzo iyi inogona kunzwisiswa nepaburi. Somuenzaniso, tinogona kutaura kuti kuparadzwa - iri chinangwa kana chinoumba (s) mufambiro uye yevanhu psyche, zvozomupinza uye anoenderana nyaya kana zvinhu. Kupi uye sei pfungwa iyi iri kushandiswa? About ichi - Papera munyaya.

Vhuṱanzi

The kutanga Pfungwa kuvapo womunhu masimba uye zvinhu kuti dzinoparadza Kusimbisa zvimwewo zvinhu kana iye, kuumbwa yekare mungano, uzivi, chitendero. Izvi pfungwa dziri dzakwidzwa adzidziswa budiriro muminda siyana. Muzana remakore rechi20 chave vamwe yoku- kunzwisisa. vaongorori vakawanda vanoti sefungu uyu siyana mananara munharaunda, matambudziko psychoanalytic, akasiyana mumagariro njodzi. nyaya idzi tinodzibata rakada kubatanidzwa nevafungi siyana nguva. Pakati pavo, Jung, Freud, Fromm, Gross, Reich nezvimwe theorists uye vanoita.

Kushanda basa dzevanhu

Chii kuparadzwa unhu ari basa mumunda? Mukuita basa mabasa chakaratidza kuchinja vanhu vanowanzosarudza. Basa, kune rumwe rutivi, zvinobatsira kuti kukura uye paumbwe unhu. Kune vamwe, zviri Workflow kuparadza nomugumisiro munhu ari panyama uye mupfungwa pfungwa. Saka, zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti ani kushandurwa kunoitika nenzira wakatarisana nomumwe. Munzvimbo basa pakukura inonyatsobudirira zvishandiso ndivo avo kuti inobatsira kwokungosimbisa wokutanga chavanoziva kuitika munzvimbo zvinoderedza rechipiri zvishoma. Professional kudzikisirana zvichipera zvishoma vaunganidza kunaka kuchinja unhu uye nzira youpenyu. Izvi zvinoitika somugumisiro monotonous kwakadaro basa kwenguva refu kumwedzi. Somugumisiro, akaumba pasingadiwi basa unhu. Ivo inobatsira kuti kukura uye nokusimbaradza mupfungwa nematambudziko uye kusawirirana. Ndizvo basa mumunda nokuparadzwa.

mushonga

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, rokuparadza maitiro inogona kukonzera kubviswa zvimwe nematambudziko zviitiko. Zvikurukuru, izvi zviri kuchengetwa mukurapa. Kuparadzwa zvinogona kubatsira? Fani iyi yakakonzerwa nemaune zvikashandiswa, somuenzaniso, mune Gynecology. In pakurapa pathologies siyana, vanachiremba kushandisa nzira dzakasiyana. Mumwe wavo ari redhiyo-Frequency kuparadzwa. It rinoshandiswa zvirwere zvakadai cysts ari kusangana nekutsi kwemukadzi parusvingo, warts, Kuparara, dysplasia. Radiowave kuparadzwa remuromo chinhu nyarara uye anokurumidza nzira achakanganisa pamusoro zvakakanganisa nzvimbo. nzira iyi mabatiro pathologies inogona kurumbidzwa kunyange vakadzi nulliparous.

oncology

zvirwere zvakawanda achiperekedzwa tishu kuparadzwa. zvirwere zvakadai zvinosanganisira kenza uye. Chimwe chiitiko ndiyo bundu (sarcoma) Ewing. Izvi sero kumativi mapfupa bundu. bundu Izvi inonyatsoziva nemwaranzi. Tichienzanisa nedzimwe malignancies zvokurwara ichi unowanikwa achiri mudiki, pakati rechi10 uye rechi20 pamakore. Achiperekedzwa kuzvimba njodzi muzvidimbu mapfupa, asi kunogonawo kuva mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Neoplasm kunosanganisira dzine akaronga masero woita. Zvikuru maitiro zviratidzo zvinosanganisira kuzvimba uye nounyoro. Sarcoma yakasiyana Kuwanzoda chinokosha kuparadzira uye mune zvimwe zviitiko anofukidza yose nechepakati dhipatimendi mapfupa refu. On the radiograph njodzi nzvimbo haruzvitsvakiri sezvo zvikuru sezvo iri chokwadi. Achibatsirwa MRI uye CT takatsunga ne miganhu zvokurwara. The chirwere achabatsirwa lytic mapfupa kuparadzwa. kuchinja uku kuonekwa zvikuru runozivisa chirwere ichi. Zvisinei, mune zvimwe zviitiko uye "bulbous" akaturikidzana akawanda pamusoro pfupa, yakaumbwa pasi periosteum. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti yapfuura date kuchinja vaiva ainakidza zvekuchipatara zviratidzo. Chirwere zvinofanira kubva biopsy. Izvi imhaka yokuti yakafanana mufananidzo X-ray inogona kuchengetwa tikafunga mamwe mapfupa anomera malignancy. Treatment kunosanganisira kushandisa dzakasiyana mubatanidzwa nemwaranzi, mishonga uye zvomusejari nzira. Kushandiswa zvakaoma pamusoro kuchirapa matanho hakubvisi zvokurwara anopfuura 60% wevarwere vane chikuru omunharaunda muchimiro Ewing kuti sarcoma.

makemikari kuparadzwa

Fani iyi inogona kuchengetwa pasi pokudzora siyana nevamiririri. Zvikurukuru, izvi zvinosanganisira mvura, okisijeni, alcohols, acids, uye vamwe. Muviri Impact uye vanogonawo kuita kuparadza mumiririri. Somuenzaniso, pakati zvikuru nevanhu vanogona kutaurwa ionizing nemwaranzi, chiedza, kudziya, zvokuimba simba. kuparadzwa Chemical - Maitikiro acho zvinoitika kwete zvokusarudza inopiwa panyama zvazvinoita. Izvi nokuda hama napedyo simba zvatariswa ukama zvose.

Kudzikisirana pamusoro Polymers

Izvi zviri kuonekwa vakawanda kudzidza kufambidzana. Panyaya iyi, iyo selectivity vakacherechedza zvakavapo. The muitiro iri anoteverwa atsamwira kuti kabhoni-heteroatom zvisungo. kuparadza kunounza iyi ndiyo monomer. nemishonga chikuru makemikari yomuchipatara kuchengetwa kabhoni-kabhoni chisungo. Muchiitiko ichi kuparadzwa - mumwe muitiro zvinogoneka chete pasi inoomesera ezvinhu kana paine mapoka divi kuti kuderedza chisungo simba guru cheni akakura.

kupatsanura

Maererano hunhu kudzikisirana zvigadzirwa vanoparadzaniswa depolymerization uye kuparadzwa chero. Mukupera zvazvingava, rinoreva muitiro unova Ivan Kuchin yacho polycondensation kuita. Panguva nayo splinters vari kuumbwa vane kukura vari kupfuura monomeric chikwata. The depolymerization kwacho anofungidzirwa kuitika sequentially detaching kubva cheni mucheto monomers. Nemamwe mashoko, maitiro kunoitika, zvakasiyana kubatana zviri Links iri polymerization. Mhando idzi uchinyara kunogona kuitika kana panguva kana voga. Kunze mbiri idzi, zvichida kutanga wechitatu. Muchiitiko chino, rinoreva kuparadzwa simba kubatana chiri pakati macromolecule. Mukuita kuparadzwa kuburikidza kurongwa coupling kunoitika zvakakwana nokukurumidza donhwe polymer samolecular uremu. Kana depolarization iri kushanda iri nomumugwagwa kwaitora nguva zvikuru. Somuenzaniso, polymethyl methacrylate ane samolecular kurema 44.000, ukuru polymerization of residual fuma iri rinenge kuchinja kusvikira musi depolymerization kwapfuura 80%.

chafariz kudzikisirana

Pfungwa yacho yeimwe pamusoro kukamurwa pasi kupisa hakufaniri kwakasiyana yeHydrocarbon Cracking, cheni mashandiro inosidzikwa pamwe chokwadi chakakwana. Maererano makemikari nemamiriro Polymers vagara vandifungira kurwisa kwavo kuti vakuchidzire, mwero kuora uye zvinoitwa zvigadzirwa achiumbwa kwacho. Danho rokutanga, zvisinei, kucharamba paumbwe vakasununguka radicals. Kuwedzera kuita kuitwawo munhu decoupling redunhu uye vasanyanye samolecular uremu. Chidzivaidzo anogona kuitika nokuda disproportionation kana recombination chokusarudza radicals. Panyaya iyi, shanduko fractional mamiriro zvingaitika, paumbwe spatial uye mapazi ezvirevo uye kuonekwe kaviri zvisungo panguva kumigumo macromolecules.

Zvinhu kukanganisa mwero kwacho

Panguva chafariz kudzikisirana, sezvinoitwa chero cheni maitiro kumhanyisa kunoitika tichiregeredza yenhengo vaikwanisa nyore dziparare kupinda akasununguka radicals. Deceleration iri munyaya pamberi yeimwe vari acceptors. Saka, Somuenzaniso, kuwedzera kutendeuka mwero pasi pokudzora rabha yakati azo uye chikamu diazo. Panguva muchidziisa Polymers ari tembiricha kubva madhigirii 80 kusvika 100 pamwe pamberi initiators izvi chete akacherekedza kudzikisirana. With kuwedzera Kuwanda mukomboni iri mhinduro vaiva koshesa intermolecular siyana unoenda gelation uye paumbwe spatial mamiriro. In nedanho chafariz Cracking pamusoro Polymers pamwe zvinoderedza avhareji samolecular uremu uye STRUCTURAL shanduko iri kuchengetwa depolymerization (cleavage monomer). Pamusangano tembiricha anopfuura 60 madhigirii apo chinogumbura manyowa kuti methyl methacrylate pamberi pamusoro benzoyl peroxide cheni zvinganaka terminates kubudikidza disproportionation. Somugumisiro, hafu mamorekuru vanofanira kuva nechirwere kaviri chisungo. Muchiitiko chino, zvinova pachena kuti pakakoromoka macromolecular zvinoda zvishoma kupfuura zvine Morekuru, kuti activation simba.