Ionizing radiation

Ionizing radiation in, mumutauro wose wezwi, marudzi akasiyana emasimba uye microparticles. Kana uchitarirwa kubva pane imwe nzvimbo yakatarisa, usatauri mairi rayti ye ultraviolet uye inooneka chiedza, iyo dzimwe nguva inogona kuve ionizing. Microwave radiation uye ma-radio-frequency bands hazvisi ionizing, sezvo simba ravo harina kukwana ionisation yemamolekemu neatomu.

Munyika yemazuva ano, mazai eoni anowanzopararira. Izvi, chaizvoizvo, simba rinopenya, iro, kana richitarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu, rinoumba magetsi emagetsi ane zviratidzo zvakasiyana. Iyo inoshandiswa kuitira chinangwa chorunyararo, somuenzaniso, kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvemasikirini e-ray, accelerators. Inoshandiswawo mune zvekurima.

Kana zviitiko zvekugadzira simba remagetsi enyukireya, kuputika kwe nyukireya, kushanduka kwezvombo zvenyukireya, kusiyana kwemairairo asingaoneki uye asingaoneki kune nhengo dzevanhu dzekubata kunotanga uye kuita. Mazimbe enyukireya anogona kuva magetsi emagetsi mumasikirwo emunhu kana anogona kuratidza kufambisa kunofamba kwezvinhu zvepakutanga-mapurotoni, alpha uye beta particles, neutron. Pakukurukurirana nemhando dzakasiyana, vanoita maon molecules uye maatomu. Iyo inowedzera mazhenje emirairo inopinda mukati, ionization yepakati ichasimba, uyewo nguva yekutsvaga uye kusvibiswa kwemhepo.

Pamusoro pevanhu nemhuka, ionizing radiation inoita nenzira inoparadza masero ehupenyu emuviri. Izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kune zvidimbu zvakasiyana zvechirwere, uye mune dzimwe nguva (pakudenga kwepamusoro) kusvika pakufa. Kuti uchinzwisise uye udzidze simba rayo, zvinokosha kuti ufungisise maitiro ake makuru: ionizing uye inopinda mano.

Kana tikanyatsoongorora tsanangudzo imwe neimwe ionizing (alpha, beta, gamma, neutrons), saka tinogona kusvika pakugumisa kuti Alpha ane simba rakakura rekuchenesa uye risina simba. Muchiitiko ichi, mbatya dzinogona kuchengetedza zvakakwana munhu. Chinhu chinonyanya kuipa ndechekuchiita nemvura, zvokudya uye mweya muhupenyu hupenyu. Beta ine ineonization shoma, asi simba guru rinoputika. Pano nguo hadzina kukwana, humwe hugaro hwakakomba hunodiwa. Neutron kana gamma mizizi ine simba rakakura kwazvo rinopinda, kudzivirirwa kunofanirwa kunge kwakagadzirirwa musha unopisa mazai, nzvimbo yakachengeteka kana yevhavha.

Cherechedza ionizing mazairo, marudzi ayo uye zvinhu. Izvo zvakasiyana zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshandiswa mumhepo, zvinoumbwa maererano nekusagamuchirwa kwemhepo inokonzerwa nehutachiona hwezvinhu zveatomic nuclei, nechinoshandiswa mumakemikari nemagetsi. Zvinhu zvakadaro zvinodhaka. Zvinogona kuva zvose zvechisikigo (somuenzaniso, radium, thorium, uranium, nezvimwewo), uye inowanikwa nemaitiro chaiwo.

Ionizing radiation. Aina

Zvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvinosiyana kubva kune mumwe muhukuru, simba uye mari. Munhengo imwe neimwe kune kusiyana-ihwo hudiki kana hukuru hukuru hwekuita ionizing uye hunopinda, pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinhu. Kukura kwechiedza ichi kune chiyero chepakati chechiyero chekona chemafambi yakananga kubva kune simba remhepo. Apo chikamu chacho chinowedzera kazhinji, simba racho rinoderera zvakakodzera. Semuenzaniso, kana kuwedzerwa kwemuganhu kwaive kaviri, kujekesa kwakaderera nevana.

Kuvapo kwe radioactive zvinhu kunogona kuva mune zvinodhaka uye zvakasviba, pamwe chete mumagesi. Nokudaro, kunze kwezvinhu zvaro zvakananga, mazai eononi ane zvimwechete izvo zvinhu zvitatu izvi. Izvozvo zvinogona kuumba mhepo uye inoputika, inopararira nokukurumidza mumhepo, inosvibisa mhepo, nzvimbo dzakapoteredza, midziyo, ganda revashandi uye mbatya dzavo, inopinda mukati mehutano hwemashonga, chirwere chekudya, nezvimwewo.