Siri yeropa iri sei? Mitsara yenheyo yenheyo

Muviri womunhu unoumbwa nemamiriyoni ane masero emakiromita, uropi uga huine anenge mabhiriyoni zana neuroni, ezvisikwa zvose uye ukuru. Mubvunzo unomuka: sei seroti yemaitiro yakarongwa, uye yakasiyana sei nedzimwe masero mumuviri?

Dhiyabhorosi yesero revanhu

Kufanana nemamwe masero mashoma mumuviri womunhu, masero emasero ane nuclei. Asi kana ichienzaniswa nemamwe ose, iwo akasiyana, sezvaanove akareba, matavi-akafanana-soro, kuburikidza nemafungiro emagetsi anotapurirwa.

Masero ehutachiona akafanana nevamwe, sezvo ainge akakomberedzwa nechemberi membrane, ane nuclei ine geni, cytoplasm, mitochondria, uye dzimwe organelles. Vanopinda muzvinhu zvakadai semasero epurogiramu semaprotheni synthesis uye simba rokugadzira.

Neurons uye nervous impulses

Izvo chirwere chetsitsi chinosanganisira nerve. Mutsara ibasa remasero emagunha. Sero yeropa iyo inotumira mamwe mashoko inonzi neuron. Dhesi iyo inonzi neurons inotakura inonzi maitiro emagetsi. Kufanana nemafungiro emagetsi, vanoendesa mashoko nemhepo inoshamisa. Kukurukurirana kwekukurumidza kunofanirwa kunogadzirwa ne-axons ye-neurons yakafukidzwa nesheal inonzi myelin.

Iyi hofu inovhara axon seipurasitiki yakashongedzwa pamagetsi emagetsi uye inobvumira mafungiro emagetsi kuti aende nokukurumidza. Chii chinonzi neuron? Iine fomu inokosha, iyo inokubvumira kuti uwedzere chiratidzo kubva kune imwe sero kuenda kune imwe. Iyo neuron ine zvikamu zvitatu zvikuru: sero, muviri we dendrites uye imwe axon.

Aina yeuroni

Neurons inowanzotengeswa kubva pane basa ravanoita mumuviri. Kune miviri miviri mikuru yeuroni - manzwiro uye motokari. Sensory neurons inofungisa mitsipa yeropa kubva munhengo dzekunzwa uye nhengo dzomukati kupinda munharaunda yenheyo yenyika (CNS). Motokari neurons, kune rumwe rutivi, inotakura nhubu dzenharo kubva pakati penheyo yehurumende kuenda kune nhengo, glands nemisumbu.

Masero ehurongwa hwekutya anorongwa nenzira yakadaro iyo miviri yeeuroni inoshanda pamwe chete. Sensory neurons inotakura mashoko pamusoro pechiri mukati nekunze. Iyi data inoshandiswa kutumira zviratidzo kuburikidza ne motori neurons kuzivisa muviri kuti zvinofanira kuitei kune mashoko akawanikwa.

Synapse

Nzvimbo iyo iyo axon ye neuron imwe inopindura kune dendrites yeimwe iyo inonzi synapse. Neurons inotaurirana kune imwe neimwe kuburikidza nesarudzo ye electrochemical. Muchiitiko ichi, makemikari anoita pane zvinopindurwa, izvo zvinonzi neurotransmitters.

Muviri masero

Chigadzirwa chemasero esero chinotanga kuvapo kwechikamu uye zvimwe organelles mumuviri wesero. Dendrites uye axons zvakabatanidzwa mumuviri wesero rinofanana nemirairi inoyerera kubva kuzuva. Vanokunda vanowana mafungiro kubva kune mamwe masero emagetsi. Axons inotumira nervous impulses kune mamwe masero.

Imwe neuron imwechete inogona kuva nezviuru zve dendrites, saka inogona kutaurirana nezviuru zveimwe masero. Axon yakafukidzwa ne myelin sheath - mafuta anogadzikana anodziparadzanisa uye anobvumira zviratidzo kuti zviparidzike zvakakurumidza.

Mitochondria

Kupindura mubvunzo wekuti masero epiritsi yakarongwa sei, zvakakosha kucherechedza icho chinokonzerwa nekugoverwa kwesimba remagetsi, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa nyore nyore. Mune izvi, basa guru rinoitwa nemitochondria. Izvi zvipfeko zvine zvadzo zvekunze uye mukati.

Izvo zvinokonzera simba remagetsi emagetsi ishuga. Mitochondria ine enzyme inofanirwa kuti kutendeuka kweglucose mu macroergic compounds, zvikurukuru kune adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules, iyo inogona kutakurwa kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri dzinoda simba ravo.

Kernel

Utano hwakaoma hweproteinini inotanga mumutsara wesero. Nucleus ye-neuron ine mazita ezvenhoroondo, iyo inochengetwa seyimbo yakakoshwa ye deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Nhengo imwe neimwe yeDNA inosanganisira maitiro ezvinyorwa zvemasero ose ari mumuviri.

Iyo iri mumusimboti iyo nzira yekuvaka mapuroteni ematemu inotanga nokunyora chikamu chinowirirana cheDNA code pamusoro pemakemikoroni anowirirana ribonucleic acid (RNA). Yakabudiswa kubva pachikamu chemukati mukati memvura inonzi intercellular fluid, inotanga chirongwa cheproteine synthesis, umo inonzi nucleoli inobatanidzwawo. Ichi chimiro chakasiyana mukati memukati, chinokonzerwa nekuvakwa kwema molecular complexes anonzi ribosomes, ayo anowanikwa muprotini synthesis.

Unoziva here kuti seni yeropa inorongwa sei?

Neurons ndiwo masero akareba uye akareba mumutumbi! Zvimwe zvacho zvinopfuurira mumuviri womunhu mukati mehupenyu hwose. Mamwe masero anofa, anotsiviwa nemitsva, asi akawanda neuroni haagoni kuchinjwa. Nezera, vari kuve vaduku. Nokudaro kutaura kwekuti masero emasero haana kudzorerwa. Zvisinei, tsvakurudzo yekutsvakurudza kwekupera kwezana remakore rechi20 zvinoratidza zvakasiyana. Mune imwe nzvimbo yeuropi, hippocampus, neuroni itsva dzinogona kukura kunyange kuvanhu vakuru.

Neurons inogona kuva yakakura uye inogona kuva mamita akawanda mamita akawanda (corticospinal uye yakasiyana). Muna 1898, nyanzvi inozivikanwa mumutambo wenheyo, Camillo Golgi, yakatanga kuzivisa kuwanikwa kwebhandi-sezvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa neurons mu cerebellum. Ichi chigadzirwa zvino chinoshandisa zita rekusika kwayo uye chinozivikanwa se "Golgi apparatus."

Kubva munzira iyo masero emagunha anovakwa, tsanangudzo yaro seyiyo yakakosha-inoshanda yehutachiona hunotevera, kudzidza kwemashoko akaoma ayo anogona kushanda senzira yekugadzirisa matambudziko mazhinji. Izvi zvinonyanya kushandiswa kuhurongwa hwehutongi hwehutongi, hunosanganisira mazana emamiriyoni emasero akabatana.