Mstislav Keldysh: biography, mhuri, mufananidzo

Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich (Russia nyika) aiva scientist weSoviet mundima yemathematics uye mechanics, mudzidzisi uye mutungamiriri we USSR Academy yeScience. Akaita basa rinokosha muhurongwa hweSoviet space.

Mwanakomana webaba vane tarenda

Baba vaKeldysh Vsevolod Mikhailovich akanga ari mujeni wemauto, uyo akapedza kudzidza kubva kuRiga Polytechnic Institute. Ikoko akaroora Maria Alexandrovna Skvortsova, uyo akazvitsaurira pakurera vana. Baba vake vaiva mukuru wezvombo, kubva kuvakuru. Baba Vsevolod Mikhailovich aiva chiremba wemauto munzvimbo yevakuru, uye kubva kuvakuru. Keldysh aigara achizvikudza nekuda kwebasa rake rakanaka, iro rakamuita matambudziko munyika yenakomunisti. Nemhaka yehupenyu hwebasa raVsevolod Mikhailovich, mhuri iyi yakaenda kumaguta akasiyana-siyana. Akadzidza pazvikoro zvekambani uye akabatanidzwa mukugadzirwa nekuvakwa kweMetro metro uye mugomba weMoscow-Volga.

Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich: Biography

Keldysh Mstislav aiva mumwe wevana vanomwe. Amai vakavadzidzisa chiGerman neFrance, uye vakaisawo rudo rwemimhanzi. Hanzvadzi yake Lyudmila akava nyanzvi yemasvomhu, uye hanzvadzi Yuri - mutambi wemimhanzi.

Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich, uyo mhuri yake yakatamira kuRiga muna 1909, uko baba vake vaitaura kuPoltechnic Institute, vakazvarwa musi wa10.02.1911. Muna 1915 hondo yeGermany yakapinda muLatvia uye vashandi veRiga Polytechnic Institute vakaendeswa kuMoscow. Pano, mhuri yakava nedambudziko, kugara kunze kweguta kwemakore anoverengeka, asi vabereki vaida mimhanzi yekare uye vaigara vachienda kumakonti muguta. Vana vakarangarira zuva rimwe muna 1917, apo amai vavo vaidya mhuri yose nechinyoro anonyangarika, sezvo pakanga pasina chimwe chikafu. Pakupera kwa1918 mhuri yakatamira kuIvanovo-Voznesensk, sezvo baba vake vakatanga kudzidzisa mubazi, iyo iyo Riga Polytechnic Institute yakanga yakabatanidzwa.

Dzidza muMoscow

Muna 1923, mhuri yakatamira kuMoscow, uye Mstislav, uyo aiva nemakore gumi nemaviri, akaenda kuchikoro nhamba ye7 muKrivoarbatsky Lane. Mukomana wacho, muchimiro uye mufambiro achiyeuchidza mukadzi wegypsy, akanga asina kunaka uye akakavadzana.

Keldysh akanga achizvikudza nezera rake rakanaka, kunyange zvazvo zvaizova nyore kwaari kana akazvivanza. Mune maitiro ehurumende, nguva dzose akanyora "hutano hwemunhu-hwakanaka", saka muna 1927 akange asingabvumirwi kubvuma kuInited of Civil Engineers.

Imwe hanzvadzi yepamusoro Lyudmila, inopesana nezvido zvababa vake, avo vakaona mwanakomana wemhandara, vakamukumbirisa kuti adzidze masvomhu. Mstislav akapinda mu Faculty of Physics neMathematika kuMoscow State University uye akaipedza musi waJuly 24, 1931. Pakukurudzirwa kwakakurumidza kwemufundisi Keldysh Lavrentiev, akapedza matarenda akaparidzirwa kuCentral Aerohydrodynamic Institute.

Shanda muTsAGI

MuZAGI, mamiriro akanaka kwazvo ekutsvakurudza akaumbwa. Pano Keldysh akasangana naLeonid Sedov, waakagadzirisa kushanda pamwe nesayenzi pamwe neshamwari, izvo zvakakonzera kuguma kwemazuva ano emusayendisiti.

Muna 1934-37 nyaya dzakawanda pamusoro peaerogidromechanics yakabudiswa, munyori waro aiva Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich. Kukura kwesayenzi wetarenda kwakatanga nechinetso cheimwe yezvinetso zvemakumbo ezvenguva iyoyo - kudengenyeka kwakangoerekana kwakasimba kunogona kuparadza ndege. Basa rake rekudzidzisa rakabatsira kukurira dambudziko iri. Mukuwedzera, akaongorora tsvakurudzo yake yezvechiremba pamashandisirwo emapolynomial series nokuda kwekufananidzira kwehurmonic mabasa uye kushandiswa kwakaoma, kwakachengetedzwa naye muna 1938.

Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich: mhuri nevana vake

Muna 1938, mushure mekusangana kwenguva refu kune mukadzi akaroora, Keldysh akaroora Stanislav Valerianovna. Gore rakatevera akava nemwanasikana, uye muna 1941 - mwanakomana Peter. Mwanakomana wake akapedza kudzidza kubva kuDhipatimendi reMechanics neMathematics, uye musikana wake akazoshanda muKeldysh Museum.

Une nyanzvi yemasvomhu

Keldysh akapfuurira mberi zvidzidzo zvake uye aigara achibatana nemudzidzisi wake wekare, Mikhail Lavrentiev. Imwe yemisoro yaaifarira panguva iyoyo yaiva dambudziko reDirichlet.

Mstislav Keldysh akanga ari nyanzvi yemasvomhu mune unyanzvi hwekusiyanisa maonero. Akaita zvipo zvakakosha kumatare akashandiswa ekugadzira mvura. Akanga ari mukuru wevesorist-mutungamiri wehurumende uye mutungamiri webasa rekunyora maitiro rinosangana nejet injini uye nzvimbo muma1940 ne1960.

Dambudziko rekuendesa ndege ndiro rimwe remabasa ekutanga aakashanda. Chinetso chechipiri chakakonzerwa chakanga chiri chekugadzirisa kazhinji kacho kwakaitika kare mberi kwekutengesa gear yendege payakasvika. Pano, ruzivo rwakawana mukugadzirisa chinetso chekudengenyeka chaive chakakosha kwaari, uye sarudzo yake kune chinetso chechimmy, pamwe chete nemirayiridzo yakajeka yevanjiniya pamusoro pokugadzirisa kwacho, yakarondedzerwa mubhuku ra1945. Kushanda muZhukovsky TsAGI, haana kubva kuMathematical Institute, achienda kuDhipatimendi reMechanics kubvira pakatanga muna April 1944 kusvika muna 1953.

Mienzaniso yemabasa epanguva ino, iyo yaakatora kuSteklov Institute: "Pakati pemawere nzvimbo inofanirwa nepolynomials yemabasa emhando yakaoma" (1945), "Pamusoro pekushandurwa kwemabasa ose" (1947). Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti, kunyange zvazvo mapepa aya akawirirana neasina mathematics, kufarira kwaKeldysh mumatambudziko aya kwakauya nekuda kwemashoko akatangira mukugadzirisa kwezvinoshandiswa masvomhu matambudziko.

Nzvimbo uye zvombo zvenyukireya

Mushure meHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, Mstislav Keldysh akanga achiwedzera kubatanidzwa mukugadzirisa kwemazano makuru ekutsvakurudza akanga ari kushandiswa muUSSR. Muna 1946, akasiya TsAGI kuti ave mukuru weJet Research Institute uye akabata nzvimbo iyi kwemakore mapfumbamwe.

Akanga ari vamiriri mukuru we USSR Academy yeScience muna 1961-62 uye mutungamiri wayo muna 1962-75. Pakupembererwa kwekuberekwa kwake kwema 60 muna 1971, akati akazvidemba nekugumisa kutsvakurudza kwesayenzi uye kuisa pfungwa kune vatungamiri nekutarisira. Kunyange zvakadaro, akaita basa rinokosha pakuvandudza zvombo zvenyukireya zveSoviet, uyewo nzvimbo dzekutsvakurudza mapurogiramu. Somuenzaniso, aiva mumwe wevasayendisiti vatatu vakagadzirira Soviet space satellite program muna 1954, uye muna 1955 akava sachigaro wekomiti yakagadzirirwa kuongorora purogiramu yacho. Kutanga kwekutanga kubudirira kweSatellite muna 1957 kwakaratidza kutanga kwemakore akawanda ekutsvakurudza nzvimbo, uye Keldysh akabatanidzwa mune izvi kuburikidza nemasangano akasiyana-siyana, akadai sebazi rakashandisa mathematics rinotungamirirwa naye.

Shanda muChikemy of Sciences

Muna 1959, iyo Interdepartmental Scientific and Technical Council yakasikwa, musoro wayo waiva Mstislav Keldysh.

Iyo nyanzvi yemasayendisiti yakave nokuzivikanwa nekugara kwake pamutungamiri weUSSR Academy yeScience, kwaakakwanisa kuita shanduko huru. Kunyanya, CPSU yakaramba genetics, nokuti yakange isinganamati nemafungiro ayo, uye panzvimbo payo yakatsigira zvematongerwe enyika, asi inorwisana nesayenzi dzidziso dzaTrofim Lysenko. Muna 1964, apo waaishanda naye Nikolai Nuzhdin akakurudzirwa kuti ave nhengo dzakakwana dzeChikamiro, Andrei Sakharov, waaishanda pamwe nesayenzi pamusoro pekugadzirwa kwezvombo zvenyukireya, zvinopesana. Kubvumirana kwakarambwa, uye Keldysh akabatsira pakusikwa kwemamiriro ezvinhu ekusimudzirwa kwesayenzi pasina kupindira kwezvematongerwo enyika, iyo mune mamiriro ezvematongerwe enyika akange aripo panguva iyo muSUSS yakanga yakaoma zvikuru.

Muna 1975, nekuda kwezvikonzero zveutano, Mstislav Keldysh akasarudza kuva mutungamiriri weChikami. Zvinotendwa kuti izvi zvaive zvichida nekuda kwekuneta, muchidimbu nekuda kwekunetseka kunokonzerwa nezvinetso mukudzivirira zvido zvezvesayenzi mumamiriro ezvinhu apo sayenzi yakashandiswa sechinhu chikuru chekuita zvematongerwe enyika. Keldysh akafa musi 24.06.78 uye akavigwa pamwe nekukudzwa muNecropolis pedyo neKremlin rusvingo.

Hurumende inopa mubayiro

Keldysh akagamuchira mibairo yakawanda munyika yake, uye kubva kune dzimwe nyika. Akapiwa mubayiro weHurumende (1942) uye Mutemo weBlack Banner of Labor (1943) yekushanda pakudengenyeka kwendiza. Muna 1946 akapiwa imwe muhomwe yeHurumende yekushanda paShimmmi.

Muna 1943 akasarudzwa kuva nhengo yeChikoro cheScience uye chidzidzo chakazara makore matatu gare gare. Muna 1956 akagamuchira musoro weHero weHumanist Labor kuti agadzirise zvinetso zvekuzvidzivirira uye gore rinotevera rakagamuchira Lenin Prize. Muna 1961, akazova zvakare Hero yeSocialist Labor, ino nguva yebasa rake pamisoroshe uye "East", yekutanga yenyika ine ndege yakatakura Yuri Gagarin. Nenguva nhatu akapiwa Mutemo waLenin uye kakawanda nemitambo.

World Recognition

Keldysh aiva nhengo yevadzidzi vakawanda: the Mongolian (1961), Polish (1962), Czech (1962), Romanian (1965), German (1966), Bulgarian (1966), Hungarian (1970) Academy of Sciences, American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1966) ) Uye akasarudzwa ari nhengo yokuremekedza yeRoyal Society of Edinburgh musi waJuly 1, 1968. Akagamuchirawo honory doctorate kubva kuYunivhesiti yeWarsaw.

Pakupedzisira, akasarudzwa kuCentral Committee yeCPSU (1961) uye nhengo ye Supreme Soviet yeU.S. (1962). Mukuwedzera, mukukudzwa kwake kwakanzi zita remwedzi uye nyika duku, yakawanikwa muna 1973.