Calcium oxide. Zvisikwa, zvinopisa uye makemikari. Kushanda.

Calcium oxide inonzi crystalline compound ye white color. Mamwe mazita echinhu ichi anokurumidza, calcium oxide, "kirabit", "kipelka". Calcium oxide, iyo inogadzirwa neCo, uye yakagadzirwa nekubatana ne (H2O) mvura - Ca (OH) 2 ("pushers", kana hydrated lime) yakawana kushandiswa kwakawanda mumhizha yekuvaka.

Ko calcium oxide inowanikwa sei?

1. Nzira yekutsvaga iyo inowanikwa mumhepo inopisa (pasi pesimba rekushisa) kuparara kwemaketone (calcium carbonate) :

CaCO3 (chimarara) = CaO (calcium oxide) + CO2 (carbon dioxide)

2. Uyewo calcium oxide inogona kuwanikwa nekubatana kwezvinhu zvisiri nyore:

2Ca (calcium) + O2 (okisijeni) = 2CaO (calcium oxide)

3. Nzira yechitatu yekutora calcium oxide ndiyo kupisa kwema calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) 2) uye calcium salt ye kadhaa oxygen-ine acids:

2Ca (NO3) 2 (calcium nitrate) = 2CaO (inogadzirwa) + 4NO2 (nitric oxide) + O2 (okisijeni)

Zvigadzirwa zve calcium oxide

1. Kuonekwa: kemikristine ekamu yemuchena mutsvuku. Inoratidzirwa nerudzi rwe sodium chloride (NaCl) mu cubic crystal face-centered lattice.

2. Muto weMolar is 55.07 g / mol.

3. Uwandu hwemasero 3.3 gmmentimita.

Iyo inopisa zvinokwana calcium oxide

1. Chikamu chinoputika chinokwana 2570 degrees

2. Nyaya yekubikira ndiyo 2850 degrees

3. Mhepo inopisa (apo pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu) 42.06 J / (mol · K)

4. Icho chinonzi enthalpy (pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akadai) is -635 kJ / mol

Makemikari zvinhu zve calcium oxide

Calcium oxide (formula CaO) ndiyo inonzi oxide. Saka, anogona:

- Kupera mumvura (H2O) nekubudiswa kwesimba. Munyaya iyi, calcium hydroxide inoumbwa. Izvi zvinoratidzika seizvi:

CaO (calcium oxide) + H2O (mvura) = Ca (OH) 2 (calcium hydroxide) + 63.7 kJ / mol;

- itai neAicid uye asidisidi. Muchiitiko ichi, mishonga inogadzirwa. Heano mienzaniso yezvakaita:

CaO (calcium oxide) + SO2 (sulfurous anhydride) = CaSO3 (calcium sulphite)

CaO (calcium oxide) + 2HCl (hydrochloric acid) = CaCl2 (calcium chloride) + H2O (mvura).

Kushandiswa kwe calcium oxide:

1. Mitsara yakakura yezvinhu zvatiri kufunga nezvazvo inoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwematareti emucheka mukuvaka. Pamberi pacho, nguva yekukurumidza yakashandiswa seyime cement. Yakawanikwa nekuikanganisa nemvura (H2O). Somugumisiro, calcium oxide yakashandurwa ku hydroxide, iyo ikadaro, mushure mekugadzira carbon dioxide (CO2) kubva mumhepo, yakaoma, ichienda ku calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Pasinei nekushata kweiyo nzira, ikozvino samende yakasvibiswa haisi kushandiswa pakuvaka, sezvo inokwanisa kukwanisa uye kuunganidza mvura pachayo.

2. Sezvinyorwa zvisiri izvo, calcium oxide yakakodzera sechinhu chisina mari uye chine mari. Akashandiswa calcium oxide ine kupikisa kumvura (H2O), iyo yakabvumira kuti ishandiswe seinoyevedza apo kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinodhura kusingabatsiri.

3. Ma laboratori anoshandisa yakakwirira ye calcium oxide kuti aome zvinhu izvo zvisingaiti.

4. Muzvigadzirwa zvezvokudya, ichi chinhu chinyoreswa sechinhu chinowedzera zvokudya pasi pekudanwa E 529. Shandisa semushonga wekugadzira mishonga yakasiyana yezvinhu zvisina kuwanikwa zvema immiscible - mvura, mafuta uye mafuta.

5. Mushandi, calcium oxide inoshandiswa kubvisa sulfurous anhydride (SO2) kubva kune flue gases. Shandisa, sekutonga, 15% mvura solution. Somugumisiro wezvinoitika mukati maro iyo bhedhe yakagadzirwa sulfur dioxide, gypsum CaCO4 neC Ca3 inowanikwa. Panguva yekuedzwa, masayendisiti akawana chiyero che 98% chekusvuta kweutsi kunobva sulfur dioxide.

6. Inoshandiswa muzvimwe zvipfeko zve "self-warm". Chimwe chinhu chakakosha che calcium oxide chiri pakati pemadziro maviri emudziyo. Apo iyo capsule inorohwa mumvura, zvinotangisa zvinotanga nekubudiswa kwehuwandu hwekupisa.