Chii chinogadzirisa kukanganiswa mune mvura uye gesi?

Sezvatotaurwa, kuoma kunotitenderera. Iko kune chero chinhu chipi zvacho kana chimiro. Zvinokwanisika kutaura kuti kudzvinyirira kwe100 kN / m2 kunoshandiswa kune chero chinhu kana chisikwa chipenyu pamusoro penyika. Uku ndiko kushungurudzika kwekombodhi yemhepo. Vanhu vanoona nenzira yakajeka mifananidzo yekuona yezvinomanikidza sezvinotungamirirwa mauto muvharo rakavharwa. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kumidziyo yakasara. Muzvivhura zvakasununguka, ichi chifananidzo chigumisiro chekumanikidzwa kwekamuri. Kushanda kupi zvako mumvura uye gasi kunokonzerwa ne "mararamiro" emakemikoroni emashoko acho pachawo. Ichokwadi zvachose kune mvura, gesi, uye muviri wakasimba unomanikidza sehuwandu hwepanyama ndiyo simba rose rezvinokonzerwa nemamolekoro ose ari pamusoro.

Kubva pakudzidza kwefiestory physics inozivikanwa kuti chimiro chekumanikidzwa kwemvura uye gasi rine chimiro:

P = ρ × g × h, [Pa]

Funga kuti zvikamu zvakadai ndezvipi. Kana iwe ukatora chero huwandu hwemvura / gasi, zvino sarudza kushandiswa kwayo panzvimbo yacho inogona kunge yakadai. Kushingaira ndiro simba rinoshandiswa munzvimbo - F / S. Izvi zvinonzwisisika kune chero mudzidzi. Iye zvino tinonyora pasi simba repi rechipiri mutemo weNewton - uwandu hwemuviri, huwandu nekukurumidza (munyaya ino - kana muviri unoshanda mune imwe nzvimbo yekudzikama - kuwedzerwa kwekuvhiti mukati). Pakupedzisira, uwandu ihwo hunogadzirwa nehuwandu nehuwandu hunotorwa nemuviri. Uye ivhu rinogona kuparara sechigadzirwa chemunharaunda kusvika kumusoro. Mumufananidzo watinowana:

P = F / S = (m × g) / S = (V × ρ × g) / S = (S × h × ρ × g) / S = ρ × g × h

Apo P ndiyo mhirizhonga, F ndiyo simba, S iri kure, m is the mass, g ndiko kukurumidza kunokonzerwa nekuvhenekera, V ndiro izwi, ρ ndiko kuwanda, h is height

Pa = N / m2 = (kg × m / s2) / m2 = (m3 × kg / m3 × m / s2) / m2 = (m2 × m × kg / m3 × m / s2) / m2 = m × kg / M3 × m / s2 = kg / (m × s2)

Zviratidzo zvakaratidzwa zvinoratidza kuti Pascal yakaumbwa sei. Blaise Pascal aiva musayendisiti akakurumbira, kusanganisira mumunda wefizikiki. Iye ndiye munyori wemutemo wekutanga, uyo anopindura mubvunzo uyu: "Ungawana sei kuomeswa kwegesi kana mvura kana iri zororo?" Pachikonzero chechiitiko chake, rimwe remitemo yekutanga yefizikiki nemishonga ye hydraulic yakagamuchirwa-kukanganiswa kubva mumuviri (mvura kana gasi) pane chero ipi zvayo yakasarudzwa zvakaenzana pamusoro penzvimbo yose iyo muviri unopindirana nawo.

Shanduro yakawanda yemazuva ano - hydraulics inoshandiswawo nemutemo nemabumbiro ayo - "Mutemo wekusimudzirwa kwezvinetso". Inotaura kuti musoro wemvura inenge iri nguva dzose pane imwe nzvimbo yemvura, kana ichizorora. Iyi nheyo uye yakateya nheyo dzekuverenga kwezvinhu zvakaoma zvino uye yakabvumira kuita zvisingawanzo zvekugadzirisa matanho. Mazuva ano, chero sarudzo kana nzira inoshanda nemvura kana gasi inotarisirwa kuverengerwa kuti isingapfuuri hukuru huripo hunogamuchirwa (iyo inozivikanwa kubva kuongorori yezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana) iyo inomanikidza mumvura uye gasi.

Kana tikatarisa kushungurudzika kana mvura iripo zororo, saka tinofanira kutaura nezveHodstst pressure. Kana isu tichitaura nezvemasimba, zvino zvakanyanya kukurumidza kutaura pamusoro pemhepo inoshandiswa. Hydro-impact ndeyechiitiko chinowanikwa mumatangi nemapapu, nekuda kwekuwedzera kwakanyanya kwekumanikidzwa munzvimbo ipi neipi. Izvo zvose hydromechanisms uye zvigadziro zvavo zvinotaridzirwa kusvika kumagumisiro ekupedzisira anokonzera uye nguva shomanana inokanda - nyundo. Semuenzaniso, kazhinji chikonzero chekukundikana kwemafuta emvura ndiyo inonzi hydro shock. Kubhururuka kukuru pamugwagwa mukuru kunogona kusvika kune gane, uye ichakundikana (yakazara kana chikamu).

Zvinoshuva kuti kunyange zvazvo mvura uye isinganzwisisiki (zvichiita), kune rumwe rutivi izvi zvinovandudza kuwedzerwa kwekumhanya. Kune rumwe rutivi, kana gwara racho rakareba uye kune kupindira (somuenzaniso, pamba firiji), kushamiswa kwe hydrostatic kunogona kupera zvachose kuparara. Kushingaira mumvura uye gasi kunogonawo kushandiswa nezvimwe zvinhu. Chinhu chokutanga chinouya kubva kumugadziro ndechekushandura pakureba kwegiyo. Iyi nheyo yaishandiswa zvakashandiswa munguva yekare nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana, uye inogonawo kuonekwa mumisha. Kunyange zvichiri kubva panguva yeSUSSR mvura shongwe inoshandiswa pamutemo uyu. Mune simba guru pasi pekumanikidzwa kwekubuda kwepombi, mvura inopiwa kune imwe nzvimbo. Izvi zvinongorongedzerwa nemhepo yakadzika, sezvinenge ichidonhera tangi yeimba yako yekushambidzira (kana iyo inosvika pakatenderera inofamba ichikwira uye yevhisi inopedza mvura). Zvadaro, iyo mvura inoyerera ichizvidzivirira, nokuti Nharaunda yaro pamusoro pevhu yakakura, uye gomba iri duku.

Mukuwedzera, kumanikidza kunogona kuchinjwa nekushandura kutonhora. Nhanho yekufamba kwemamoreksi inobva pane iyo, uye naizvozvo nhamba yemavaro. Ingaita sekuti yakakura, iyo yakanyanya kukwira mumvura uye gasi. Asi ndizvo zvakadaro? Chaizvoizvo, kwete. Izvo nezvezvinhu. Mvura, somuenzaniso, inosunungura uye inowedzera mubhuku, uye mweya - inoderera. Muenzaniso wakajeka - uyo ane dachas, anoziva kuti munguva yechando inofanirwa kubvisa mvura kubva muhutano hwemusoro, kuitira kuti mapaipi nemapopu arege kuputsa. Imwe muenzaniso pamusoro pemhepo - isa ibhoti uye uise iyo mufiriji 10 ... 15 miniti. Kana iwe uchikwevera kunze, ichaderera muzwi. Kana iwe ukaidururira nemvura inopisa kubva paketheni, ichakurumidza kukurumidza.

Kudzvinyirira chinhu chinotarisirwa kuti tisararame chete, asi zvakare tichiverenga. Yeuka kuenda kune zvakadzika kana kurira kwezwi nekutinhira kwakasimba. Ivai vakangwarira nguva dzose uye murangarire kuti kudzvinyirira ndiko kufamba kwema molecule, uye mamolekoro maduku mashoma ehupenyu!