Mitemo Newton vake. Mutemo Newton kwaJehovha Second. Mitemo Newton zvaJehovha - mashoko

Kudzidza zvakasikwa pachishandiswa kuedza zvinogoneka chete pasi nemamiriro kuchengetwa muzvikamu zvose: pakuongorora, pfungwa, kuedza, dzidziso. Observation ichaona uye enzanisa zvinhu sezvazviri, pfungwa runoita kuti kuvapa tsananguro hwakadzama nezvesayenzi, zvinoda experimental chisimbiso. Kuitisa motokari vachiongorora mitumbi kwakaita kuti inonakidza mhedziso: kuchinja velocity muviri zvinogoneka chete pasi pokudzora mumwe muviri.

Somuenzaniso, kana iwe kumhanya kutsanya kukwira masitepisi, unongofanira kuva kuenda anofarirwa fenzi (kuchinja mirayiridzo) kana kumbomira (kwakakura kubva velocity change), saka sezvo varege kumhanya kupinda vanhurume pamadziro.

Zvingaonekwa yakafanana mananara zvakakonzera pakusikwa wefizikisi chikamu, mudzidzi anoita miviri yavo kana kushandura kugozha unodiwa.

Kunyatsogona emuchina

Pindura mubvunzo perennial sei muviri zvinofamba nenzira ipi kana pa zororo, rakagadzirirwa mutauri.

Funga mamiriro kuzorora. Zvichienderana pfungwa yacho relativity inofamba, tinogona kugumisa kuti pane anogona kunyatsova mira miviri. chidzidzo chipi, kuitwa wakaiswa toreva mumwe muviri bhuku chinofamba hama kune mumwe. Somuenzaniso, rimwe bhuku akarara patafura, wakasimba hama netafura, asi kana iwe funga nzvimbo yayo chokuita achipfuura munhu, zvino ita yepanyama mhedziso: bhuku ichifamba.

Saka, mitemo inofamba miviri akafukidza inertial bhuku enyika. Chii?

Akadana inertial bhuku hurongwa, umo muviri yozorora kana anoita yunifomu uye rectilinear inofamba pasina yokuwana mamwe nyaya kana zvinhu.

In muenzaniso pamusoro apa, gadziriro bhuku kusonganirana tafura anganzi inertial. Murume akapfeka yunifomu inofamba nenzira yakarurama mutsetse, unogona kushumira sokunoratidza muviri ISO. Kana kufamba kwake ichaparadzwa nokukurumidza, ipapo kufambidzana naye haagoni kuva inertial CO.

Kutaura zvazviri, hurongwa yakadaro inogona correlated pamwe mitumbi nokuramba wakaomerera panzira wakaiswa kuti panyika. Zvisinei, nyika pachayo haigoni kushanda muviri panotaurwa kuti ISO sezvo noruvara kutenderera yayo akabatana. Muviri pamusoro vane centripetal kumhanyisa.

Chii inertia?

inertia chiri chokuita zvakananga ISO. Yeuka, chii chinoitika kana munhu zvinofamba motokari rinomira pakarepo? Vakatakurwa vari pangozi, sezvo vari kuramba kufamba kwavo. Regai anogona gadzai pamberi kana chigaro mabhandi. Tsanangura chirongwa mutakurwi inertia. Ichokwadi ichi?

Inertia - Fani kureva ndichengetedze kuramba velocity muviri pasina yokuwana mamwe miviri. The mufambi ari pasi zvigaro kana chair. inertia Fani haina kuchengetwa.

The tsananguro iri ehupfumi muviri, uye, maererano naye, pakarepo kushandura nokumhanya kunoita chinhu hazvibviri. It - inertia. Somuenzaniso, inertia zviri nemekiyuri iri lämpömittari unokubvumira siya yairova kana tiri vekare zunzai lämpömittari.

Chiyero inonzi body mass inertia. By zvokuverengera nokukurumidza chaizvo kuchinja kuti miviri pamwe gobvu duku. motokari kudhumhana ane chesamende rusvingo kwokupedzisira anomhanya kusvika pasina zvikasawanirwa. Vehicles kazhinji vanosangana kusingarapiki kuchinja: kuchinja nokukurumidza, pane chinokosha deformation. Zvakaratidza kuti inertia ari chesamende rusvingo kwakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura inertia mumotokari.

Zvinoita here sezvingatarisirwa kusangana inertia chaiyo? Conditions umo muviri hakuna ukama nevamwe miviri - nzvimbo yakadzika, umo chitundumusere-musere kunoita pamwe injini kure. Asi kunyange ichi zvazvingava, rinokweva torque aripo.

zvinhu tsika

Kudzidza simba pakati mutyairi kunosanganisira pamwero ruzivo pamwe kuyerwa chaiko zvakawanda. The dzinonakidza zvikuru vari:

• kumhanyisa sezvo chiyero nokukurumidza kuchinja mwero miviri; varehwa tsamba imwe, akayera mu M / s ^2;
• uremu sezvo chiyero inertia; Rinoratidza tsamba m, akayera mu makirogiramu;
• simba somunhu nechiyero yakawiriranwa chiito kwemiviri; Kazhinji runotaurwa tsamba F, akayera mu N (Newtons).

The ukama variables izvi zvinorondedzerwa muna regularities matatu yaiwana mukuru Chirungu yefizikisi. Mitemo Newton yakaitirwa kuti kutsanangura kunzwisisa kubata pakati miviri yakasiyana. Uyewo pezvakaitwa ivo rokudzora. Ndiyo "kumhanyisa" pamusoro pfungwa "simba", "uremu" mitemo Newton vari dzaibatanidzwa kwemasvomhu pabonde. Ngatiedzei kunzwisisa zvachinoreva.

Action imwe chete simba - rakasiyana chaiyo. Somuenzaniso, imwe hazvizivi Satellite, orbiting pasi pose, iri akaita pamusoro chete negiravhiti.

Pamusana

The chiito mauto akawanda anogona chikatsiviwa chete simba.

Geometric Verengai ehondo kuita pamusoro muviri, akadana Pamusana.

Tiri kutaura pamusoro geometric Nemutengo, sezvo simba - a Vector yakawanda, izvo hakubvi chete kubva pfungwa chikumbiro, asiwo kutungamirirwa chiito.

Somuenzaniso, kana uchida kuenda chaizvo hombe wenguo, unogona kukoka shamwari dzako. Joint kuedza kuzadzisa zvinodiwa mugumisiro. Asi iwe unogona kukoka mumwe chete, munhu ane simba kwazvo. Kuedza kwake akaenzana chiito vose shamwari. The simba rakaiswa gamba anganzi Pamusana.

Mitemo Newton kunoita inofamba vari akagadzira pachishandiswa pfungwa "Pamusana".

Murairo inertia

Tanga kudzidza mitemo Newton pamwe zvikuru kugara chaiyo. mutemo wokutanga unowanzonzi mutemo inertia, nokuti anogadza chinokonzera dzakafanana inofamba kana standstill miviri.

The muviri kunoita noruvara uye rectilinearly kana ndakazorora kana isina kuitwa simba kana zvinoitwa ndanyarara hangu.

Inogona angapokana kuti Pamusana hazvisi razero. Ichi ndechokuti, somuenzaniso, inonakidza motokari panguva dzose kumhanya pamusoro yakarurama tatamuka mugwagwa. Simba regiravhiti iri ndanyarara hangu pasi maitiro simba, uye nesimba chebasa module akaenzana simba kuramba kufamba.

Chandelier pamusoro remba hunogara, sezvo simba regiravhiti iri zvinodzikamiswa makakatanwa pakati Fixtures ayo.

Ndanyarara hangu anogona chete kuva mauto kuti anoreva kuti muviri mumwe chete.

mutemo Newton kechipiri

Uyai. Zvinokonzera kuchinja velocity miviri, kufunga mutemo Newton kechipiri. Ari kutii?

Pamusana Mauto kuita pamusoro muviri kunotsanangurwa so zvibereko yakatengwa pasi Zvakaitwa kumhanyisa kurema muviri.

2 Newton mutemo (payakavakirwa: F = Ma), zvinosuruvarisa hakurevi kudzika chikonzero-uye-chaizvoizvo ukama pakati dzinokosha Dzidziso pamusoro kinematics uye nesimba. Haangagoni zvakananga pamwe zvakarurama chii chinokonzera kuti kumhanyisa miviri.

Ngationei kuronga imwe nzira: kumhanyisa, vakawana muviri Proportional zvakananga Pamusana simba uye inversely Proportional kuti body mass.

Saka, zvinokwanisika here kumisa kuti prices kuchinja chete kunoitika ave kushanda simba rakaiswa nayo, uye muviri uremu.

2 mutemo Newton wacho, nzira iyo ingava: a = F / m, mumwe Vector anonzi dzinokosha, sezvo zvinoita kuti pave kubatana pakati zvikamu wefizikisi. Pano, mumwe - vector kumhanyisa dzomuviri, F - nomuuyo simba, m - guru muviri.

Nokukurumidza kwebasa motokari zvinogoneka kana injini chebasa akapfuudza nesimba kurwisa kufamba. With kuwedzera traction uye kumhanyisa inowedzerawo. Trucks takashongedzerwa weheavy-basa michini, nekuti vakawanda yavo zvikuru kupfuura vazhinji mutakurwi mota.

Race motokari, akasikwa kuti mukuru-nokukurumidza dzemabhiza vari akwanise kuitira kuti vakaisa shoma zvakakodzera zvikamu uye injini simba riri zvawanda sezvaibvira. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvinoitwa zvemitambo motokari kumhanyisa nguva 100 km / h. The maduku ari chinguva, nani ehupfumi mukuru-nokukurumidza motokari.

Murairo kudyidzana

mitemo Newton kuti, kwakavakirwa zvakasikwa, vanoti chero kukurukurirana achabatsirwa vaviri mauto. Kana bhora yakarembera pedyo shinda, zviri kuva zvainoita. Rwebhuruu iri akatambanudza pasi Zvakaitwa bhora.

Rinopedzisa mashoko Pfungwa kwemitemo Newton kwakaita rechitatu mapatani. In pfupi iri: chiito vakaenzana kuita. Zvinorevei?

Mauto inochinja muviri pane mumwe, vakaenzana mune nokukura, pakatarisana mune mirayiridzo uye tinotungamirirwa pamwe mumutsetse kubatana nzvimbo nezvitunha. Zvinofadza kuti ndanyarara hangu navo hazvigoni zita nokuti kuita miviri yakasiyana.

Kushandisa mitemo

Rinozivikanwa dambudziko "bhiza uye ngoro" anogona chigutsa. Yaidhonzwa ngoro akati vachambokanganwa kubva panzvimbo. Maererano nomutemo Newton kechitatu, zvinhu izvi zviviri kushanda pane mumwe zvakaenzana modulo masimba, asi tsika, bhiza anogona kufamba ngoro kuti hairevi muenzaniso chawo.

Solution vachawanikwa, kana anofunga kuti ino mitumbi haina kuvharwa. Road rine migumisiro dzayo vose zvitunha. The simba kuita pamusoro akaparadzana bhiza kunofambira mberi kukweshera mukuru kukosha simba tikaisa kukweshera Makumbo engoro. Pashure pezvose, nguva kufamba runotanga yokuedza kuita kuti ngoro. Kana mamiriro ezvinhu anochinja, bhiza pasi chero ezvinhu haazorambi arubvise panzvimbo. mahwanda ake achava vapedzisire mumugwagwa, uye motokari achava.

Pauduku achifinyamisa pamusoro Sled mumwe, mumwe aigona vanosangana muenzaniso wakadaro. Apo Sled vagare vana vaviri kana vatatu, zvinoitwa hakuna kukwana kuti vaibvise.

Kuwa mitumbi pasi panyika, akatsanangura Aristotle ( "muviri wose anoziva nzvimbo yacho") anogona akapikisa maererano zvataurwa. Nyaya anozunungusa akananga pasi pasi pokudzora chete simba panyika pake. Achienzanisa parameters dzavo (uremu Nyika iri kupfuura uremu), maererano nomutemo Newton wechipiri, vanoti kumhanyisa ane chinhu nguva zhinji kupfuura kumhanyisa Pasi. Tiri kuona kuchinja mune velocity ane muviri, Pasi hachivaiti kubva muchadenga.

Miganhu applicability

Modern Physics mitemo Newton kuti regai kuramba, asi kungotaura anogadza miganhu applicability yavo. Asati pakutanga XX remakore wefizikisi asina mubvunzo kuti mitemo iyi anotsanangura zvose zvakasikwa.

1, 2, 3, mutemo Newton kuti zvakazara rinoratidza zvikonzero kwemaitiro macroscopic miviri. Movement zvinhu pamwe velocities duku anotsanangurwa zvizere postulates izvi.

Achiedza kutsanangura hwaro inofamba miviri pane aimhanya pedyo kumhanya chiedza, chichatadza kubudirira. A kwakakwana yekupindurwa zvivako nzvimbo uye nguva haabvumiri kushandisa Newton kwakaita simba panguva aimhanya izvi. Mukuwedzera, mitemo vari kuchinja maonero avo vasiri-inertial CO. Nokuti avo kushandiswa roukama pfungwa inertial mauto.

Tsanangura inofamba kwemiviri yokudenga, mitemo kuti nzvimbo yavo uye kudyidzana mitemo Newton raMwari. Mutemo regiravhiti kutaurwa kuti chinangwa ichi. Kuti uone mugumisiro kukwezvana miviri duku hazvibviri, nokuti simba riri shoma.

kukwezvana

Anozivikanwa muzvinambiri maererano iyo Mr. Newton, akanga agere mumunda uye pane kuderera pamusoro maapuro, akashanyira kwakajeka pfungwa: kutsanangura sangano zvinhu pedyo panyika uye sangano kwemiviri yokudenga nemhaka kukwezvana. Hazvisi kure nechokwadi. Observation uye kukarukureta yakarurama hanya kwete chete kuwa maapuro, asi kuchinja mwedzi. Mitemo rwokufamba ichi chinoita kuti tigumise kuti kukwezvana simba kuwedzera pamwe gobvu uye kuwadzana miviri shoma kuwedzera kure pakati pavo.

Kuvimba mitemo mutemo Newton kwakaita rinokwevera zvinhu pasi rinoita, akagadzira sezvo wechipiri uye wechitatu inotevera: zvose mitumbi iri muchadenga vade mumwe mumwe simba rinotungamirirwa achitevedza mutsetse unobva nzvimbo mitumbi, Proportional kuti vakawanda miviri uye inversely Proportional kuti mativi ose daro pakati nzvimbo mitumbi.

The kwemasvomhu okuti: F = GMm / R ^2, apo F - simba kukwezvana, M, m - guru pakati kuwirirana miviri, R - kure pakati pavo. The proportionality chinhu (G = 6,62 x 10 ^-11 Numbers ² / makirogiramu ²⁾ anonzi rinokweva rusingaperi.

The panyama zvinoreva: ichi dzose akaenzana simba kukwezvana pakati miviri maviri negurumwandira 1 kg kure 1 M Zviri pachena kuti simba iri duku kuti mitumbi vakawanda duku kuti kuregeredzwa .. Mapuraneti, nyeredzi, mapoka enyeredzi, simba kukwezvana yakakura kwazvo zvokuti zvachose marondedzerero kufamba kwavo.

Zvakanga mutemo Newton kwakaita kukwezvana rinoti unofanira vomurova zvitundumuseremusere mafuta kuti anogona kusika jeti akadzinga kukunda zvinoitwa Pasi. Nokukurumidza vanoenderana ichi - kupukunyuka velocity 8 km / s.

Modern inokwanisa anogadzira zvinhu zvitundumuseremusere kuti vomurova unmanned pazviteshi sezvo chakagadzirwa satellites kwezuva kusvikira mamwe mapuraneti todziongorora. Speed, mune zano rakadaro, - wechipiri nzvimbo velocity yakaenzana 11 km / s.

Algorithm mitemo

simba rinomutsa zvinetso zviri pasi yakananga kutevedzana yezviito:

• Kuongorora dambudziko, kudoma Data mhando inofamba.
• Mhanya richiswedera kuratidza masimba ose ndikaita mumuviri, uye nhungamiro kumhanyisa (kana iripo). Sarudza batanidza hurongwa.
• Vanyore rokutanga kana kuti rechipiri murayiro, zvichienderana kana muviri kumhanyisa iri vector fomu. Nanganisa mauto zvose (Pamusana simba, mitemo Newton kuti: kutanga, kana kumhanya muviri haachinji, uye wechipiri, kana pane kumhanyisa).
• Mukana wokuti vanhu vanga rewritten mu maberere pamusoro vakasarudzwa rinoronga namasanhu.
• Kana zvichiita mamiriro equations hazvikwani, ipapo kunyora imwe: Pakusarudza mauto kinematics equations, etc ...
• Kugadzirisa kwegadziriro equations nokuda zvisingazivikanwi uwandu.
• Mhanyai ne miganhu kuziva yakarurama pamusoro Masvomhu.
• Change.

Kazhinji zviito izvi zviri zvakakwana kugadzirisa zvose mureza mabasa.