Model: nemhando yokutevedzera, pfungwa uye tsananguro

murume wose ano akatarisana zuva nezuva pfungwa ye "chinhu" uye "muenzaniso". anoramba Miyenzaniso sezvishandiso, nyore kubata (bhuku, pasi, tafura, chinyoreso, penzura) uye dzisingambosvikiki (nyeredzi, denga, kupfuta), vanovengwa unyanzvi okugadzira zvinhu nevakangwara basa (rondedzero, nhetembo, mushonga, kupenda, mumhanzi uye vamwe). Mumwe chinhu murume akaziva vose chete.

Chinhu. Species. zvinoitwa

Pachishandiswa zvataurwa, mumwe anogona kugumisa kuti chinhu chiri chikamu zvokunze nyika, kuti anogona kuonekwa rose. chidimbu chimwe nechimwe ine nomumwe kunzwisisa pachavo zvainyanya kuti kusiyanisa kubva mamwe (chimiro, kwakaita kushandiswa, ruvara, kunhuwidza, ukuru uye zvichingodaro). Chinonyanya kukosha hunhu chinhu izita, asi zita haingatikwaniri tsanangudzo unhu rakwo. The zvizere uye zvose inorondedzerwa chinhu, ari nyore muitiro kuziva izvozvo.

Model. Definition. kupatsanura

Mabasa ayo (dzidzo, zvesayenzi, mifananidzo, kwezvinhu) vanhu kushandisa zuva raivapo nokusika idzva yokutevedzera ari kunze kwenyika. Vanobvumira kuti iumbe pfungwa pamusoro pezvakaitwa uye zvinhu zviri dzisingambosvikiki kuti zvakananga maonero (vashomashoma kana, Ukuwo, guru kwazvo, anononoka chaizvo kana kutsanya kwazvo kure kure, uye zvichingodaro).

Saka, muenzaniso - chiri chinhu inoratidza kukosha zvaiva Chiitiko pasi kudzidza, chinhu kana muitiro. Pangava zvakasiyana inoverengeka yokutevedzera zvakafanana chinhu, uyewo zvinhu zvinoverengeka zvinogona yakarondedzerwa muenzaniso chete. Somuenzaniso, imwe Mamiriro ezvinhu akafanana anovapo pane hurongwa, rakasiyana zvinhu muviri goko kungaratidzwa kana sezvo zvinhu pfungwa, kuti ndiye muenzaniso chete (murume, motokari, chitima, ndege).

Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti hapana muenzaniso chete hakusi kugona zvakazara kutsiva mufananidzo chinhu sezvazvakanyorwa chete anoratidza zvimwe zvivako zvayo. Asi dzimwe nguva mhinduro zvinetso chaizvo akasiyana zvesayenzi uye maindasitiri kuitikawo rondedzero pakuonekwa muenzaniso haagoni chete kubatsira, asi chete mukana wekutaura uye kuongorora chaiwo zvechadenga chinhu.

Makuriro Akaita Modelling zvinhu

Models basa rinokosha munyaya dzakasiyana-siyana upenyu hwevanhu: zvesayenzi, dzidzo, zvokutengeserana, injiniya, uye vamwe. Somuenzaniso, pasina kushandisa zvinogoneka zvakagadzirwa uye peungano michina zvokushandisa, michina, dzemagetsi matunhu, michina, zvivako uye zvichingodaro, sezvo pasina rokutanga Masvomhu nokusika mifananidzo kusunungurwa kunyange nyore akazara zvisingabviri.

mhando inowanzoshandiswa nokuda kwezvinangwa edzidzo. Dzinonzi visual. Somuenzaniso, pfungwa nzvimbo Nyika somunhu nyika munhu anowana, kudzidza pose. Uyewo akakodzera ndiyo ziso yokutevedzera dzimwe sayenzi (kemisitiri, wefizikisi, masvomhu, zvipenyu, uye mamwe).

Uyewo yokungotaura muenzaniso kudiwa kudzidza zvepanyama uye sayenzi chaiwo (zvipenyu, kemisitiri, wefizikisi, geometry). Zvinoratidza zvivako, maitiro uye maumbirwo zvinhu pachena kuti kudzidza.

Modelling somunhu kwacho

Modelling - nzira cognition, kusanganisira kudzidza yaivapo uye pakusika chitsva yokutevedzera. Nyaya nokuziva nesayenzi uyu muenzaniso. Mhando mhando vari rakava maererano ehupfumi siyana. Sezvo chikazozikamwa, mumwe chinhu ane muzvizhinji hwounhu. Kana ukaronga zvikuru muenzaniso kumira kunze chete chinonyanya kukosha yokugadzirisa dambudziko.

Muitiro pakusika mienzaniso ndiyo mifananidzo okugadzira zvinhu munyika dzose kusiyana. Panyaya iyi, anenge ose mifananidzo kana mabhuku basa anogona kuonekwa sezvo muenzaniso mumwe chinhu chaicho. Somuenzaniso, kuti mifananidzo vari yemashoko nharaunda chaiyo, vachiri lifes, vanhu, mabhuku mabasa - yokutevedzera muupenyu hwevanhu uye zvichingodaro. Somuenzaniso, paaisika muenzaniso ndege kuongorora zvayo aerodynamic unhu kunokosha kuratidza geometric ehupfumi yemabviro mariri, asi zvamazvirokwazvo kwete kukosha ruvara.

The chete zvinhu sayenzi siyana vari kudzidza kubva akasiyana pfungwa maonero, uye avo siyana yokutevedzera chidzidzo kuchavawo zvakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, wefizikisi inodzidza pezvakaitwa uye migumisiro kubata zvinhu, kemisitiri - kemisitiri, zvipenyu - Maitiro uye maumbirwo zvipenyu.

Model hama nguva chinhu

Hama kuti nguva muenzaniso rakakamurwa mhando mbiri: kunofambira mberi uye simba. Muenzaniso wokutanga mhando iri imwe-nguva dzevanhu kuongororwa pakiriniki. It anoratidza mufananidzo wehurumende yake utano panguva, apo kadhi rake yezvokurapa achava muenzaniso simba, izvo zvinoreva kuchinja kuitika mumuviri kwenguva imwe nguva.

Model. Mhando yokutevedzera pamusoro pechimiro

Sezvo zviri pachena, muenzaniso ingasiyana maitiro akasiyana. Saka, zvose mhando Pari wakazikamwa date mienzaniso zvinogona rakakamurwa makirasi huru mbiri: mashoko (nyaya), uye ruzivo.

Wokutanga mhando transmits chaiko, geometrical uye zvimwe zvivako zvinhu nenzira chaihwo chimiro (anatomical moulage, pasi, kuvaka marongerwo uye zvichingodaro).

Types mashoko mienzaniso akasiyana muchimiro chokuti: yokufananidzira yokufananidzira uye. Zvakaumba womuenzaniso (photos vanodhirowa, etc.) ndiwo kutarisana Kuzadziswa chinhu, pane imwe wakaiswa nhau (photos mafirimu, mapepa kana digitaalinen). Vari zvinowanzoshandiswa yedzidzo muitiro (mapepa), kudzidza sayenzi siyana (bhotani, zvipenyu, paleontology, uye vamwe). Iconic womuenzaniso - ndiye Implementation kuti nangananga sezviratidzo known mutauro hurongwa. Vanogona kupiwa muchimiro Masvomhu, chinyorwa, matafura, machati, uye zvichingodaro. Pane zviitiko apo, ndinosika muenzaniso wokufananidzira (siyana mienzaniso zvakananga akaunza kugutsikana kuti unoda kudzidza zvimwe zvinhu zvechadenga chinhu), achishandisa akawanda anozivikanwa mitauro. Muenzaniso iyi vari calculators siyana, machati, mepu, uye zvakadaro, dzinoshandiswa Graphics uye vatambi ane mutauro enyika.

Nechinangwa audze mashoko akasiyana vanorarama kushandisa mhando nhatu dzinokosha mashoko yokutevedzera: network, hierarchical uye tabular. Ava, zvikuru nevanhu ndicho chimwe inoshandiswa kugadzirisa zvakasiyana-siyana in zvinhu zvavo noruzhinji mashoko.

Tabular womuenzaniso Implementation

Izvi mhando mashoko wokuenzanisira, sezvo pamusoro apa, unonyanya vakakurumbira. Zvinoita sezvinotevera: zvakajairika, zvinosanganisira mitsara neshongwe tafura rectangular mbiru ayo akazara zviratidzo mumwe iconic mitauro vakakurumbira. Shandisa tabular muenzaniso kuti zvinoitwa zvinhu kuti vane ehupfumi. Uchibatsirwa dzavo muminda zvesayenzi siyana zvinogona akasika zvose aishingaira uye kunofambira mberi yokutevedzera. Somuenzaniso, imwe tafura ine kwemasvomhu mashandiro, uye siyana Statistical data, chitima zvokuita, uye zvichingodaro.

Kwemasvomhu womuenzaniso. marudzi Modèles

Zvitsaurei mhando ruzivo yokutevedzera vari akarongeka. Mhando dzose kwemasvomhu mienzaniso kazhinji panofanira equations, akanyorwa mumutauro nemasvomhu. Nekugadzirisa matambudziko aya unowanzoonekwa inobva kutsvaka noenderana transformations kuti zviite kutaura imwe shanduka mune nzira yemaitiro. Panewo dzimwe equations uye chaiyoiyo zvinogadzirisa (square, Linear, trigonometric, uye zvichingodaro). Somugumisiro, sarudzo dzavo kushandisa nzira anofungidzirwa zvinogadzirisa pamwe vakapiwa zvakarurama, mune mamwe mazwi, marudzi awa kwemasvomhu data, zvose kusanganiswa (bisection nzira), Graphics (kuronga) uye vamwe. Bisection nzira inofanira kushandiswa chete pasi ezvinhu kuti chidimbu chikazozikamwa, apo mashandiro mamwe tsika pamudzi mukana wokuti vanhu vanga anotora polar tsika.

A nzira rokuvaka rakabatana purogiramu. Rinogona kushandiswa kana pamusoro, uye mumamiriro ezvinhu apo chisarudzo anogona chete kuva anofungidzirwa, kwete kuchireva, panyaya dzinonzi "ine" nokuda kugadzirisa equations.