Kukanganiswa kwezvipikisheni: pfungwa huru uye zvikamu zvezvinoreva, kuchinja uye kushandisa

Chirevo chechiRussia chikamu chekutaura, basa guru iro rinoreva kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvisina kufanira zvehurukuro yacho (kusiyana neyo inobatanidzwa, iyo inoratidza chimiro chehurukuro nekuita). Mazano anokwanisa kuchinja mumatambudziko uye nhamba, uye mune imwechete - uyewo mune zvepabonde, uye zvakare inorongwa maererano nedzimwe sarudzo dzei-grammatical - zvikamu. Nokudaro, zvikamu zvezvipikisheni zvitatu mapoka mazana anobatanidza mazwi akafanana neanoreva uye nzira yekugadzirisa chikamu chehurukuro. Zvirongwa zveumwe neumwe wezvikwata zvine maitiro avo pachawo ekushandurwa uye kushandiswa. Ngatitaurire pamusoro peizvi nenzira yakajeka pasi apa, uye pasi apa pfupikisi tafura.

Mazita echipikisheni

Zvipikiso zvinokodzera: zvinoreva zvinoreva, kuchinja uye kushandisa

Zvinyorwa zvinofadza ndezvei-lexic-grammatical category inosanganisira mazwi anoratidza unhu hwechinhu, kureva, chiratidzo chinokwanisa kuratidzira muzvidimbu zvakasiyana, kune imwe yakakura kana zvishoma, somuenzaniso: anodhura doll, musikana akanaka, muenzi wevarombo, muchengeti ane tarenda . Zvipikiso zvinokodzera, kunze kwekuchinja mumatambudziko, kuberekwa uye nhamba, zvinogona kuumba maitiro mafupi, zviyero zvekuenzanisa, uye zvinosanganiswa neshoko "zvikuru". Zvimwe zvikamu zvevapikisi (hama uye zvakasikwa) hazvina zvinhu izvi.

Kuumbwa kwemafomu mafupi

Fomu shomanana inoumbwa kubva pazere uye ine sangano rekuvharana kwakasimba nayo: pedyo-yakasimba, yakasimba, yakasimba; Akanaka - akanaka, akanaka, akanaka; Zvinokuvadza - zvinokuvadza, zvinokuvadza, zvinokuvadza . Pane zvipikisheni zvakawanda zvakambove muRussia zvaiva nechizere uye chidimbu, asi nhasi dzinoshandiswa pfupi chete, somuenzaniso: rad, lyub, gorazd, uye nevamwe.

Zvinotarisa kuti kare kare ndiyo inofanana nechipikisheni chinonzi chinokosha, chekutanga, uye pamatanho ekutanga ekusimbiswa kwemashoko chimiro chakazara chakaumbwa kubva pachimiro chiduku. Nhasi, nekuumbwa kwomufomu kadiki, kushandiswa kana kurasikirwa kwezvivhariridzi zvinogona kuonekwa: ruvara - ruvara, ruvara, ruvara; Sharp-sharp, cutting, cutting . Mazano echimiro chechimiro chechimiro chinopesana muhuwandu uye kuberekwa (mune imwe chete), asi usapera. Muchirevo, sekutonga, ivo vanoita basa rehuwandu hwemashoko: Mupfekero iyi chiverengero chakanga chakanakisa.

Kuumbwa kwedhigiri dzekuenzanisa

Kuenzanisa uye kwakanakisisa kwekuenzanisira - uyu mufananidzo wekuti wakajeka uye wakanyatsoratidza sei unhu huri munyaya yacho: baba vakanaka - zviri nani - zvakanakisisa; Vane nyanzvi yevashandi - vane tarenda yakawanda kupfuura vamwe vane tarenda . Yeuka kuti zvimwe zvikamu zvevapikisi zvinoreva chikamu chechidzidzo chacho sechigarire, kwete kukwanisa kugadzirirwa.

Zviyero zvekuenzanisa zvinogona kuumbwa sechigadzirwa - zvakakwana ( zvinodhura - zvinodhura, zvakanaka-zvakanaka ), uye zvinongororwa - nekubatsirwa kwemashoko anokosha:

• Kuenzanisa - zvakawanda, zvishoma kudarika + chimiro chekutanga chechirevo (chinetso chakanyanya, chisingafadzi );
• Zvakanaka - zvizhinji, zvishoma, zvizhinji + chimiro chekutanga chechirevo ( chinonyanya kukoshesa, chinofara ) kana zvose, zvose + zvakaenzana zvakaenzana neshoko rechirevo ( kuimba zvakanaka, inokosha kupfuura chero chimwe chinhu ).

Mashoko ehumwe chikamu chekutaura mumagariro ekuenzanisa haana kusiyanisa kana, nhamba uye gender uye haabvumi nemazita, chiratidzo chavanoratidza. Basa ravo rechiito mumutsetse ndiro chikamu chechikamu chemuumbi wezita rokuti predicate ( Shamwari yekare yakanaka kupfuura itsva itsva ).

Nezvimwe zvipikiso zvepamusoro, zvinyorwa uye zvidimbu zvemadhigiri ekuenzanisa zvinogona kuve zvakafanana, asi mazwi asingatangi dhigirii iri nyore muchimiro chemazuva ano anowanikwa: mashoma, pakutanga, anonyara, nevamwe.

Chimwe chinyorwa chinodiwa kubhadharwa ndechokuumbwa kwezvidimbu zvekuenzanisa kubva kune zvakasiyana-siyana, somuenzaniso: zvakanaka - zviri nani, zvakaipa - zvakanyanya, zviduku-zviduku .

Kubva pane zvipikisheni mukuenzanisa uye zvakakwirira, zvakakosha kusiyanisa mazwi-kuratidzwa kwekuzviongorora kunofanirwa, izvo zvisingatauri chiyero chekuratidzwa kwechimwe chimiro mune imwe mamiriro ezvinhu, asi kuongororwa kwechirevo ichi nevakurukuri: peni duku, chiso chakanaka, zvakanyanyisa paws . Usapindira zvipikisheni nezvikwata zveboka iri - ovat - / - evata -: mazwi akadaro haafaniri kuongorora kuongorora kwechimwe chinhu, asi chinangwa chisina kukwana chekuratidzwa kwayo, somuenzaniso: tsvina yakajeka, tinge yakasvibirira .

Relative adjectives

Kana tikaenzanisa zvikamu zvemasita uye zvipikisheni, zvino tinogona kuverenga zvinotevera: mazita chaiwo anotsanangura zvinhu, zvinyorwa, uye zvipikiso zvakafanana chiratidzo chezvinhu izvi, zvinhu: matanda - huni, mupunga - rice, ice - ice . Zvisinei, chiratidzo chinotsanangurwa nezvipikisheni zveboka iri hazvirevi chete kune zvinyorwa, asiwo kune nzvimbo, nguva, nezvimwewo, somuenzaniso: manheru, zhizha, kune dzimwe nyika, pamba, kumhenderekedzo . Ichi chiratidzo chinozviratidza nguva dzose uye hachikwanisi kuratidzirwa kune chikuru kana chiduku, saka zvipikisheni zvakafanana hazvikwanise kuumba chiyero chekuenzanisa.

Posseful adjectives

Ichi chikamu chinosanganisira zvipikisiso zvinopindura mubvunzo waani? Uye rinoreva izvo zvechimwe chinhu kune chero ani kana chimwe chinhu: shamwari yababa, fungi's fang, tsitsi, sekuru yababa .

Kubudiswa kwezvipikisi: kushandiswa kwemashoko mukutaura kwekufananidzira

Kuwedzera kudhura kwekutaura, mune dzimwe nguva, zvipikiso kubva kune rimwe chikamu zvinogona kushandiswa mune zvinoreva mazwi kubva kune rimwe chikamu, somuenzaniso: simbi yesimbi - nhubu dzesimbi, wolf track - ganda rekuwolf, khawani yegoridhe - maoko egoridhe . Maererano neizvi, chikwata chechirevo chechigadziriswa chinotsunga kwete kungofunga nezvemaitiro akazara ezvirongwa, asiwo nekunyatsocherechedza chirevo.