Mashine yemagetsi

Tinogara mumvura yakanyanyisa yegungwa, iyo inopoteredza isu kose-kose. Kunyange ibwe rakagadzirirwa riri pamugwagwa rinokwanisa kuita basa. Dzimwe nguva zvakaoma kutenda, asi simba rimwe chete. Inongochinja chete, inoshandura chimiro chayo. Ndicho chivako chinoshandiswa nemagetsi anogadzirwa nevanhu.

Kana simba remagetsi richiendeswa kune purogiramu, uye pane zvakabuda iyo inoshandurwa ikaita basa rinoshandiswa nenzira yekushandura shaft, saka tinogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti iyi injini. Nekudaro, kutendeuka kwebasa remagetsi mumagetsi kunopiwa jenereta. Chimwe chinhu chinokosha ndechokuti mhepo imwechete yemagetsi inozivikanwa nekwanisi yekuita semutengi (motors) uye jenereta (jenereta) yemagetsi. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nemutambo iwoyo. Zvisinei, nemhaka yezvakagadzirirwa, kushandiswa kwe "kwete" kwemaitiro kunoratidzika nekushanda kwakadzika.

Magetsi DC magetsi akaparadzaniswa kuva makirasi maviri: inductor uye vatori. Yakawanda ndiyo yaiva yechipiri (chiratidzo chekuvapo kwebrashini). Pfungwa yekushanda ndeyeyi inotevera: magnet anogadziriswa anoiswa panzvimbo yakasara yemushandisi (stator) , achigadzira mitsara yesimba simba.

Simba rinosimudza rinogona kumiririrwa seine huwandu hwemasimbi ematare emhangura akabatanidzwa nenzira iyo kutanga uye kuguma zvinoratidzwa kune imwe nyika yamellae yezvizhinji. Kubva kunze, DC inoshandiswa inoshandiswa kune idzi dzinogumira kuburikidza nemashandisi e graphite. Uye kana pane dunhu rakavharwa, zvino magetsi achaonekwa. Kufambisa zvinotakura vatakuri vanozvitsvakira magnetic field inobatanidza ne stator munda. Somugumisiro, simba rinomuka rinoita kuti zvigadziro zvifambe. Ndizvo chete pfungwa huru dzinotsanangurwa, asi dzakakwana kuti inzwisise kuti magetsi emagetsi eDC anoshanda sei. Kunyanya kukoshesa kutaurwa ndeyomunhu wose anokonzera motokari ane chimiro chiripo mumashini DC, inokwanisa kushandiswa kubva kumagetsi emagetsi emagetsi e 220 V. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nenzira yakakosha yekubatanidza zvigadziro uye kumhanya kwemhepo. Muchigadzirwa chemagetsi emagetsi ivo vanoshandiswa.

Magetsi AC emagetsi anogadzirisa zviri nyore uye akavimbika, uye mari yekutengesa kwavo yakaderera. Izvo zvakakamurwa zvikafanana, iyo inomhanyisa inotenderera iyo inotenderera inowirirana nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemashamba emutambo, pamwe nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana umo rotor inosara shure kwemasango (mashizha). Yokutanga ndiyo inonzwisisika yekushandisa paunokwanisa hwepamusoro pezana kW.

Mishonga yakajeka AC emagetsi inomiririrwa neatatu-phase asynchronous ne squirrel-cage rotor (squirrel cage). Mhepo mitatu inokwidzwa yakaiswa pa stator, iyo inoshandiswa ichienzaniswa kune 120 °. Izvo kwavari kune imwe nguva yekushandura yezvikamu zvakatarisana inoshandiswa. Iro rotor rine mhepo, yakapoteredzwa, nekudaro inogadzira dunhu rokutapudza ikozvino. Zvakakosha kushandisa magetsi kumapuranga-mapurisa e stator, semaginetic field inogadzirwa pedo navo - ichi chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvekutungamirirwa kwema electrons. Uye sezvo ikozvino iri kushanduka, munda unoshanduka kuti uchinje. Mitsetse yaro inokonzera kutendeuka kweiyo rotor kumhepo uye kugadzira ikozvino kunokonzerwa (tinoshandisa mutemo wekushandiswa kwemagetsi emagetsi). Uye kamwe apo paiva nekufamba kwezvikamu zvine mutero, ipapo zvakakomberedza, uyewo, magnetic field inowanikawo. Inotendererawo (iwe unogona kuwana nhungamiro uchishandisa mutemo we borer). Somugumisiro, kune maginiti maviri emagetsi mukati memushonga wemuviri. Kupfuurira mberi zvinhu zvose zviri nyore: nokuda kwemurairo waAmpere , simba rinooneka rinowanzosunungura mhepo, uye sezvo rotor shaft yakagadzirirwa kune mabheji, simba rinoumba nguva. Kuti uite basa racho, inongoramba ichinyatsobatanidza kuendesa iyo actuator kumusasa.