Masero emasero uye maitiro avo

Masero emisero anoumba mishonga yemawere ndeyemhando mbiri: neurocytes (neurons) uye gliocytes (glial cells). Neurons dzinoona kushungurudzika, kuunza chiito chinogona kuita, mufambiro uye kutumira pfungwa dzenzara, kugadzirisa maitiro pakati pavo, uye gliocytes zvinopa mamiriro ekugadzirisa kushanda kweeuron, i.e. Itai kuti vashandise, vadzivirire, vatore chikamu mumetabolism yevanopindirana uye vasunungure kukura kwezvinhu zveurouroteti.

Maererano nemashoko kusvika nhasi, uropi hwemunhu huine mabhiriyoni makumi maviri neuroni, zviviri-zvitatu zvazvo zviri mu cortex, uye nhamba yemasero emakumbo anenge anenge gumi zvakapfuura.

Neuron

Masero emasero ane neurons, ayo ndiwo maitiro makuru-masimba ehurongwa hwemagetsi. Iyo neuron inzira yekuita 4-130 μm muhukuru, inoumbwa nemuviri uye inobhururuka iyo yemhando mbiri: the axon uye dendrites. Kubuda kwemutsara wesimbi - an axon - inonziwo neurite. Kureba kwemafuro kunosvika 1.5 m. Axon mu cage imwe chete, yakareba, zvishoma; Pamusoro pacho kubva mumuviri wechitokisi ndechokufungidzira. Dendrites inowanzowanda, yakasimbiswa zvikuru, inopfupika. Pamusoro pavo zvinokonzerwa nemhepo inosvika pamuviri we- neuron. Neurons inoratidzirwa nechisimba chekudzikisa, inofambisa mushuvo chete mune imwe nzira - kubva kune dendrite kuenda kune axon. Iko ndiko kuti, neuron iri muchimiro chayo yakafanana nesimbi. Mutumbi wesero rinonyanya kuita basa re trophic maererano nehutano. Chimiro chemuviri chinogona kuva chakasiyana-kubva piramiidal kusvika kumativi ose.

Aina yeuroni

Masero emasero akaparadzana muzvidimbu zvakasiyana siyana maererano nehuwandu hwehutano.

• Unipolar - iine nzira imwechete, chete axon. Aya masero aripo chete mumaberesi sepakati pepamusoro pakudzika kweeurocyte;
• Bipolar - ine an axon uye dendrite. Masero ehutano akadaro mumunhu ari mu retina yeziso uye mukati mezeve yomukati;
• Multipolar - ine 2 kana kuti mamwe mafuro, an axon uye dendrites. Ichi ndicho chinonyanya kunyanya kuve neuroni mumuviri, iwo ose ari mukati memutambo wenheyo, uye munharaunda;
• Pseudo-unipolar masero - kubva mumuviri wesero pane imwe nzira inowanzobatanidza inonzi axon uye dendrite, gare gare inogoverwa kuva mbiri dzakasiyana. Aya bipolar neuroni anowanikwa munharaunda dzomukati uye musana.

Maitiro emusero wesimbi

Sero rinofukidzwa na neurilemma, iyo, kunze kwechibvumirano, kugamuchira uye kushandurudza mabasa, inoita basa rakananga rokutungamirira mutsara.

Masero emagetsi ane cytoplasm, iyo inosanganisira organelles anozivikanwa (mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, cell centre, gorosi yakaoma, lysosomes) uye organelles yechinangwa chinokosha, zvinonzi neurofibrils. Iyo nhengo yemasero emagunha yakajeka, akazara, ine 1 kana 2 nucleoli.

Mhando dzemasero maererano nechinangwa chavo

Maererano nechinangwa chekushanda, masero emagetsi anongororwa kuti ave senhengo dzisina kunaka, motokari uye mumasero.

Neroni dzisina kunaka ndeye masero ayo ane muviri uri mu ganglia wehutachiona. Iyo dendrites yemasero aya inopera mumagumo asinganzwisisiki, uye axon inotumirwa kuuropi inopera kana kumutsipa wesipinha.

Kuisa masero emagetsi kunokonzerwa nekufambisa kwekunakidzwa kweyeuron.

Motokari kana masero akavanzika anodanwa zvichienderana nesangano (musuru fiber kana simbi) uko axon yavo inoguma.

Iko kunewo masero emasero anobatsira, anonzi, gliocytes, izvo zvinoparadzanisa neuroni kubva kune mumwe nemumwe.

Ependymocytes yakafanana neye epithelial tishu uye yakanamatira matanda emutsipa wepelinha uye uropi. Basa ravo inotsigirwa uye kutarisana.

Astrocytes ndeyepamusoro-soro masero mashoma emufananidzo wakafanana neyeredzi. Maererano nekushongedzwa kwezvinyorwa, svrocytes zvinonzi protoplasmic uye fibrous.

Nzizi dzomukati dzinoumbwa kubva pamagadzirirwo emasero emagetsi uye lemmocytes. Kunze, nerve ye fiber inofukidzwa nehombodo yakaoma ye fibrous, yakasununguka tinyuchi inonzi "basal lamina".