Chii anonzi chiito kuita?

Basa nhengo uye nyama muviri wedu kunotsamira zvinhu zvakawanda. Vamwe masero (cardiomyocytes uye tsinga) kuvimba nokupfuuridzirwa etsinga nomunhu kunotangira dzakananga zvinoriumba mumasero kana nodes. Hwaro etsinga chido ndiyo paumbwe imwe excitation wavelength, akatakura zita kuita mukana.

Chii?

Action zvinogona inonzi chinozunguzirwa excitation inofamba muchitokisi nechitokisi. Nokuda kwayo inotungamirwa uye Kupfuudzwa kuburikidza sero membranes kunoitika zvinopfuura shanduko mutariri wavo (kazhinji romukati divi Kamudzira iri isakarurama mhosva uye rokunze - akanaka). Kuvakwa chinozunguzirwa chinowedzera richichinja ehupfumi pakati Ion dzokuwana pamakamuri, iyo inosvitsa recharging pamusoro membrane. Panguva apo chiito mukana inopfuura nomunyika Kamudzira, pane pfupi vachinje ayo mutariri, zvichiguma nokuchinja muchitokisi ehupfumi.

Izvi chinozunguzirwa inotungamirwa irimo kushanda etsinga faibha, uye mwoyo hwokutiparadza hurongwa.

Kana zvaipesana ayo inotungamirwa kukura zvirwere zvakawanda, zvichiita kuziva yemakambani zviito zvakafanira muna yakaoma zvokurapa-chirwere zviito.

Sezvo Saizvozvo chiito kwaniso, uye kwese kwaari?

History kutsvakurudza

The kudzidza panowanikwa excitation ari mumasero uye fibers chakatangwa kare. Yake yokutanga akaona chimiro zvipenyu vakambodzidza migumisiro kuitika-siyana pachena tibial etsinga yacho datya. Vakanga akacherechedza kuti kana pachena kuti pfungwa yokushanda mhinduro ine dzinodyiwa munyu vakanga vakachengeta marwadzo tsandanyama.

Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakanzi zvakaramba neurologists, asi chikuru nesayenzi pashure wefizikisi kuti vanodzidza kuita mukana - physiology. Rave kwakaratidzei physiologists pamberi chiito zvinogona mumwoyo masero uye utano hwake.

Nengano kudzamisa ariko uye vamwe zvinogona akaratidza zveBhaibheri pamusoro potentials.

nzira dzakatangwa kubva pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi19, vachibvumira kugadzirisa dzingangoitika Kuwanikwa mashoko uye kuyera kukura kwavo. Iye zvino, Kuda kutamba uye kudzidza chimwe potentials rinoitwa muzvidzidzo zviviri paku - unonzi, electrocardiograph uye electroencephalogram.

The mashandiro chiito zvinogona

excitation inotungamirwa kunoitika nokuda kuchinja intracellular Kuwanda yavaibvisa uye potassium ions. Kazhinji, muchitokisi ine zvakawanda potassium pane yavaibvisa. Extracellular yavaibvisa Ion wevasungwa uri zvinooneka kupfuura cytoplasm. Changes vakafurira zvinogona zviito zvinobatsira kuchinja mutariri pamusoro Kamudzira, apo munhu kuitika kunokonzerwa yavaibvisa ions kupinda muchitokisi. Nemhaka yokuchinja uku mhosva kunze uye mukati masero (cytoplasm iri chokwadi mhosva uye rokunze zvakatipoteredza - akaipa.

Izvi zvinoitwa kuti zviite kuti ndima keji remafungu.

Kamwe wave yave ichiparadzirwa mhiri synapse, neizvi kupora nokuchengeta kunoitika nokuda magetsi kupinda muchitokisi isakarurama mhosva chloride ions. Reset kusvika kwokutanga mutariri yomuropa panze uye mukati muchitokisi, iyo inosvitsa paumbwe achizorora zvaigona.

Kuzorora uye excitation interleaved. The kanganisika masero vose vave zvakasiyana, uye inotungamirwa PD ichava imomo kuteerera vamwe mitemo akawanda.

danho PD

Panguva chiito mukana inogona kukamurwa maitikiro akawanda.

Wokutanga danho anotora nzvimbo kusvikira yakaoma azvipire depolarization (rebei matanho zvinogona kwakamutsa kunonoka zvaikosha Kamudzira iyo rinosvika vaifanira sandara, kazhinji zviri pamusoro -90 BSN). danho iri rinonzi predspayk. Zvinonzi kuitwa kupinda yesero yavaibvisa ions.

Akatevera danho - yepamusoro zvinogona (kana Spike) anoumba munhu parábola ane rikwanise yorusvingo apo kuzvimba dzingangoitika Kamudzira depolarization zvinoreva (kutsanya) uye kurova kworuoko chikamu - repolarization.

Third danho - akaipa zvinogona kubva zvisaririra - zvisaririra kunoratidza depolarization (shanduko kubva depolarization yepamusorosoro kuti standstill). Nokuda kuti pasuo kuiisa chlorine ions kupinda muchitokisi.

In danho wechina, yakanaka danho kuronda zvinogona, kuti Kamudzira rinodzokera kwokutanga mutariri revarombo.

danho Data zvinobva chiito zvakawanda mukanyatsochengeta kutevera mumwe pashure perimwe.

chiito zvinogona basa

Pasina mubvunzo, kukura chiito chokukosha inokosha iri kushanda nedzimwe masero. chikuru basa kweiyi mwoyo. Pasina izvozvo, mwoyo wakaramba kungoti akaneta muviri, asi nokuda Mashoko ose mumasero mwoyo wayo rutapudzo, izvo zvinoita kuti kusunda ropa kuburikidza vascular mubhedha, huchiita izvozvo munyama zvose uye nhengo.

Tsinga Uyewo vaisagona zvakanaka kuzadzisa ayo mashandiro pasina kuita mukana. Zviremera hazvina kukwanisa kugamuchira anonongedzera kuita imwe basa, somugumisiro yaizova nyore maturo. Mukuwedzera, kuvandudza tsinga zvairatidza kupararira tsinga fibers (chitarisiko myelin uye nodes pamusoro Ranvier) chakaita wokushandura chiratidzo panyaya mumasekonzi, uye zvakaita kuti pave hunenge uye vanoziva kufamba.

Kuwedzera kune izvi nenhengo dzawo, chiito mukana anogadzirwa dzimwe Zvisinei, masero akawanda, umo iye rine basa chete ari mabasa avo chaiyo muchitokisi mabasa.

The chidzoke nezvezvakaitwa zvinogona mumwoyo

Huru muviri, iyo yakavakirwa panheyo paumbwe chiito mukana, ndiye mwoyo. Nokuda kuvapo kupomba inotungamirwa rinoitwa nodes basa nhengo ane basa iri kurwira ropa kuti munyama uye zvomukati.

Generation kuita zvinogona mumwoyo dzinoitika sinus raiva pedyo nebundu. It riri confluence yacho vena cava kurudyi atrium. Kubva ipapo, kurova kwemwoyo propagates achitevedza fibers ari cardiac conduction hurongwa - kubva raiva pedyo nebundu kusvika atrioventricular akakura. Nomunyika bazi chinogumbura tsapo, zvakawanda chaizvo, pamusoro wayo makumbo, kurova kwemwoyo inopfuura kurudyi uye rworuboshwe ventricle. Izvi mukobvu akaronga kwazvo nzira - Purkinje fibers kuburikidza iyo excitation rinosvika mumwe mwoyo masero.

The chiito rine cardiomyocytes ari constituent, kureva, It kunobva rutapudzo masero ose cardiac tishu. At chinogumbura unganidza (pashure myocardial vanga) inotungamirwa akashatirwa chiito mukana, iyo pazvinhu kwemwoyo unonzi, electrocardiograph.

tsinga

Sezvo PD achiumbwa Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu - mumasero tsinga. Zvose akaita zvishoma nyore.

External kupomba vakanzwisisa tsinga sero pezvakaitwa - dendrites chokuita receptors iri paganda, uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri zvose (akazorora mukana uye chiito zvinogona zvakare kutsiva mumwe). Kukuchidzira zvinokonzera paumbwe chiito zvinogona mavari, mushure izvo kupomba kuburikidza nomuviri etsinga sero iri kwayo refu ruoko - axon, uye kubva ipapo kuburikidza synapses - kune dzimwe masero. Nokudaro, aumba excitation chinozunguzirwa kunosvika uropi.

A chiri tsinga ndiyo kuvapo nezvemarudzi maviri fibers - Coated kana pasina myelin. The kwaita chivako chacho kuchinjirwa kune fibers iyo vane myelin, riri nokukurumidza zvikuru kudarika demielinezirovannyh.

Fani iyi kwakacherechedzwa nokuti kuti kupararira PD myelinated fibers kunobva "kusvetuka" - kupomba skips migove myelin, zvichiguma zvinoderedza nzira kwayo uye ukuwo, kuwedzera kupararira.

yokuzorora zvinogona

Pasina kukura achizorora mukana paisazova chiito nekugona. Under quiescent zvinogona vanoziva kuipa, unexcited mamiriro sero apo mhosva yacho mukati uye kunze Kamudzira yakasiyana (i.e., kunze Kamudzira iri chokwadi mhosva, uye mukati - kunaka). Zororo zvinogona inoratidza kusiyana mhosva mukati nekunze muchitokisi. Kazhinji dzinowanzoona kubva -50 kusvika -110 BSN. The tsinga fibers, ukoshi iyi yemanyorero -70 BSN.

Zviri nokuda yokutama chloride ions kupinda muchitokisi uye ndinosika akaipa mutariri pamusoro romukati divi membrane.

Kana kuchinja wevasungwa pamusoro intracellular ions (sezvataurwa pamusoro apa) PP unotsiva PD.

Kazhinji, vose mumasero omuviri vari pasi pehurumende, saka zvinogona kuchinja zvinogona kunzi physiologically zvakakodzera muitiro, nekuti pasina kwavari zvaisazova kukwanisa kushandisa zvemwoyo uye huta nehurongwa.

Zvinorehwa nokudzidza yorugare-kuvaka uye chiito

Kuzorora zvinogona uye chiito potentials vanogona kuona mamiriro ezvinhu muviri, uyewo munhu nenyere.

Zvipire chiito zvinogona mwoyo (ECG) kuona kwayo ezvinhu uye dzichipfekeka inokwana madhipatimendi yayo yose. Kana kudzidza chinhu chakaipa EKG, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti zvose meno pairi iri nekuratidza chiito kwaniso uye ipapo vakasara zvinogona (maererano, panowanikwa atrial potentials mashoko anoratidza P chinozunguzirwa uye kupararira excitation ari ventricles - zino R).

With maererano kuti electroencephalogram, kuti pairi chitarisiko siyana nemafungu uye mutinhimira (zvikurukuru, Arufa Beta mafungu hwakanaka hwevanhu) ndiko nokuda panowanikwa chiito potentials vari Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu wouropi.

Zvidzidzo izvi achitirega rakakodzera ticherechedze kukura imwe chirwere kwacho uye kukonzera vanenge 50 muzana kutanga vabudirire pakurapa chirwere.