Nhengo dzemafupa: zvinhu zvegadziriro uye basa

Nhengo dzepfupa inokosha inotsigira mhuka inoshandiswa nemagadzirirwo emagetsi, anosanganisira masero epafu uye chimwe chinhu chinokosha chiri mukati. Chinhu chinopindirana chinosanganisira collagen fibers (bone matrix) uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvisingaenzaniswi. Mukuwedzera, mapfupa emapfupa ane lacunar-canal system, inoumbwa nesimbi yemakona uye michesi uye inopa intraosseous metabolism.

Masero eropa ane marudzi matatu: osteoclasts, osteoblasts uye osteocytes. Osteoclasts ndiwo masero makuru emasero makuru ekugadzirwa kwemhepo, iyo yakawanda inogona kusvika magironi 190. Aya masero anoshandiswa mukuchengetedza (kuparadzwa) kwemapfupa uye cartilage. Mukugadzirisa kwekugadzirisa uye kwezvekugadzirisa kwezvemapfupa emapfupa, maosteoclasts anoita sarudzo yake. Basa reasteoclasts zvakananga zvichienderana nehuwandu hwehomoni yepathyroid, iyo yakawedzerwa yakawanda inosanganisira kushandiswa kwebasa re osteoclast, zvichiita kuti kuparadzwa kwemapfupa.

Osteoblasts iduku duku re polygonal cubic bone masero anenge ari pamusoro penzvimbo yepfupa uye akakombwa nechemberi collagen microfibrils. Basa guru reansteoblasts nderokushandiswa kwezvikamu zve-intercellular substance - bone bone collagen, pamwe chete nekugadzirisa kwekuita kwayo mineralization.

Osteocytes iri mumucheka uye ane mashizha akakura akafanana nemasero emapfupa anotungamirira intraosseous metabolism.

Kune mhando mbiri dzemapfupa emapfupa: akazara-fiber uye lamellar. Mune munhu mukuru, iyo yakaoma-fibrous bone tissue iri mumakona ehenyare uye nzvimbo dzekubatanidza mapfupa kusvika kune tete, ine chimiro chemamorphous uye chinokanganiswa mabheji akawandisa emugodhi. Kuumbwa kwemamera emapfupa emapfupa kunosanganisira mapepa emapfupa 4-15 micrononi muhupamhi kubva kuosteocytes, chinhu chinokosha uye michina yakaoma yegorgen.

Nhengo dzemafupa, sezvimwe nhengo dzomuviri womunhu, dzinokanganisa zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvirwere. Zvinokonzera kuvhiringidza zvinogona kuiswa mairi neropa rekuyerera, kureva, nzira inotyisa, kana chiitiko icho murwere ane chinangwa chekuchenesa. Kuvhiringidzika kwemapfupa emapfupa kunonzi osteomyelitis, zvinokonzera zvinokonzera zvinogona kuva avitaminosis, kushungurudzika, kunyanya kukonzerwa, kunotonhora, nezvimwewo. Zvichienderana nekukwirira uye nekukurumidza kwehutachiona, chirwere chisingaperi, chinonzi subacute uye maitiro akaoma echirwere anozivikanwa.

Mugumisiro wenguva refu yekuvhiringidza kwemapfupa emapfupa ndiyo kuvhara kwemitsipa yeropa uye kuputsa kwekupararira kweropa (thrombosis). Nokudaro, mapfupa anoshayiwa kudya kwakakodzera anotanga kufa uye kuora, semugumisiro, necrosis (necrosis) uye kuparadzwa kwemapfupa emapfupa. Mukuwedzera, kune kurambwa kwefufu rakafa nekurasikirwa kwekutaurirana nehutano hwemapfupa emapfupa, avo vanonzi sequestrants vanoumbwa.

Zvikonzero zvinokonzera osteomyelitis (kuvhiringidza kwepafupa mapfupa) zvipukene zvepyogenic: streptococci, staphylococci uye pneumococci, pamwe nemukumbo, tsvimbo dzehupuid nezvimwe zvipembenene. Zvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana zvehutachiona zvinokonzera zvirwere zvakadai se bone bone uye tuberculosis yemapfupa.

Kurapa kwe osteomyelitis ndiko kuuraya utachiona nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, iyo inosarudzwa mumwe nomumwe zvichienderana nerudzi rwebhakitiriya. Kugamuchira ma antibiotic kunopedza mwedzi miviri. Mazuva okutanga emishonga inotorwa nenzira yemapiritsi, kana mushure memazuva mana pasina huri nani hunoonekwa, kuiswa kwezvinodhaka zvinoramba zvichipinda mukati kana kuti zvakananga mumusoro we osteomyelitis.