Humanoid marobhoti: Photo uye Technology

Mumakore emakore, maindasitiri cybernetic mano kushanda kwaidarika murume ane ngozi, monotonous uye rinorema maindasitiri. Munguva yemberi iri pedyo projected kuwedzera basa androids. Humanoid marobhoti Achabvisira vagere purogiramu kumba remabasa, achaiswa mubasa kutarisirwa vakwegura, vana vakaremara pakudzidza.

The prototypes yokutanga

Muna 1639, zvakatanga anopfuura maviri gore zana voga pakati Japan nedzimwe nyika. Kuti mugotenga chengarava Nagasaki aitenderwa vatengesi shoma kubva kuHolland uye China, vachibvumira yokukosha tsika Japanese kuumba zvainoda pasina kunze simba. Yakanga mambakwedza nezvidhori vakasvika nguva iyi, "Karakuri".

Kutaura zvazviri, izvi wokutanga humanoid marobhoti pamwe clockwork, kunyange zvazvo vamwe zvekumwe mienzaniso rinosundwa chiutsi, mvura kana peppered jecha. Dolls vakagamuchira vanhu munguva paruzhinji mitambo, vakanakidzwa kwazvo mukurumbira mudzimba vakapfuma.

Aifarira womukati mudziyo "Karakuri" aiva kunaka, uye kunze yave akateerera sekuda tikachirega nomazviri.

Technology uye Psychology

Japanese humanoid marobhoti akaisa mukuru Vector pamusoro pokumuka cybernetic mano Developers pose. Huru kuoma mukusika anthropomorphic gadziriro - kudiwa multi-nechirango tsvakurudzo. The kupindirana uye kwakarongeka mashandiro anofanira kuita kwete chete mainjiniya uye programmers, mathematicians uye yefizikisi, asiwo vanachiremba, evanhu uye vanyori venhau dzakaitika.

Man hazvifungiki pasina manzwiro. Uye nokuda Integrated womuenzaniso, kuwedzera "Hardware" uye Software kunokosha chaizvo yechitatu zvinoriumba anthropomorphic hurongwa - manzwiro. Research munzvimbo iyi tinoita sayenzi chinokosha kufanana zvokuyamura - social robotics uye robopsihologiya.

Humanoid marobhoti, asi vachikwanisa vatevedzere nyore zvokuimba sangano, anofanira nhaka chakagadzirwa akachenjera, kuzvicheka-kudzidza uye kwadzakabva.

Chii anogona ane Android?

Humanoid marobhoti kudzidza ounyanzvi hwokugadzira itsva uye unyanzvi kuti kushamwaridzana nemunhu. Chinonyanya kushamisa kubudirira kukura zvinotevera ounyanzvi hwokugadzira:

• Munyori. Android anokwazisa vashanyi, anotaura nezve chekambani mabasa kana zvigadzirwa.
• Waiter. The robhoti anotora murayiro (kutukwa kana Via kubata chidzitiro), transmits mashoko mukicheni, nezvirongo anopa mutengi anotarisira (uye haatarisiri zano!). Robokafe kushandiswa muna South Korea dzakakurumbira chaizvo.
• Tungamirira. Tungamirira. Iye rinotsanangura nemashoko akadzama pamusoro pashoo, ivo Exhibits.
• Mudzidzisi. Mutarisiri. Very chinobatsira vana kudzidza ari kure pamusoro nezvepurogiramu nomumwe.
• Cosmonaut. Kanenge, pane zviviri huripo Somuenzaniso: "Japanese" KIROBO uye "American" Robonaut 2. Kana chokutanga rakagadzirirwa chete kukurukura vaunoshanda (mapikicha, mameseji), yokupedzisira anokwanisa autonomously mabasa zvakaoma hwokugadzira mabasa ari muchadenga.

anthropomorphic murwi

Favorite brainchild kuti renyaya anova chokwadi. Military dzakagadzirirwa marobhoti kwenguva refu uye zvinobudirira ishe muUnited States. Zvisinei, kusvikira pava zvoga kurwisa gadziriro, akadzika midzi pachavo panguva mabasa Iraq uye Afghanistan. mano kwakadaro vakabudirira kutsungirira ungwaru uye ouinjiniya matambudziko.

Kurwisa humanoid marobhoti nokuda zvikuru kudhura zviripo chete magazini sezvo kuratidza ivhu. Somuenzaniso, piloted Android Method1, kwakaratidzwa Developers Korean. Walker anokwanisa kutama ake uye kufamba famba, mimicking kufamba ari opareta. A chihombe humanoid robhoti ane mumhu 4 metres uye uremu matani 1.5.

More nomwero kukura ane Russian Android, asi ine zvakawanda functionality: chivhorovhoro kupfura, ATV kuzvidzora, kurapwa. The robhoti iri chakatorwa kubva muenzaniso yapfuura SAR-401 (NGO "Androidnye zvemichina") nokuti uto shanduro mabasa kusikirwa zvinodiwa dzesangano "Roscosmos".

tsika Japanese

Hiroshi Ishiguro - muzvinadzidzo University of Japanese guta pakati Osaka uye Institute for Advanced Technology muna Kyoto - kuzivikanwa munyika mbiri muna 2006, vakaisawo kuruzhinji ayo kopi chaiwo cybernetic - dzheminoida HI-1 (HI-1 Geminoid). A kuwanda sensors uye servo Motors rinobvumira anthropomorphic vatevedzere kwete chete nemasaini, asi chiso chedu kumumvuri. Tevera mhando (HI-2; F; HI-4; Q1) zvinotonyanya sezvazviri chaizvo. Kutaura zvazviri, vakawanda humanoid marobhoti - wavanongoshandisa raitungamirwa opareta Via munhu Wireless inowanikwa.

Maererano purofesa, pedyo fanano kuwana nyore pane kudzidzisa Android kufunga somunhu uye kuzvisarudzira. By Hiroshi Ishiguro marobhoti footballers chete schematically akafanana vanhu, asi bhora ndiye, uye vanofungidzira nzvimbo pasuwo, kumutuma pamusoro chipfuro chaipo. "Iron" Ishiguro chikwata - shanu-nguva nyika Champions robofutbolu.

Charming humanoid kubva China

Izvi zvisikwa yakanaka inonzi Jia Jia. Ichiyerera dema bvudzi kumhanyira zvetsika Chinese zvipfeko. Achinyemwerera, aizova kutsigira nyore nhaurirano anokwanisa kufamba muchadenga, uye kunyange flirts nevanhu. Rine Fans ayo pasi pose, uyo vaimudana wake "robhoti-mwarikadzi."

Jia Jia - China wokutanga Android, vakasikwa mainjiniya paUniversity Science and Technology (Hefei, China). Kutanga mhando uye anokosha uchishandisa Software akatora anenge matatu, uye zvichiri kure wakakwana. Project mutungamiri Chen Xiaoping akavimbisa kuti vateveri "mwarikadzi" ane ramangwana kukuru. Marobhoti vane yepamusoro AI tinotarisira muzvipatara, misha inotarisira vakwegura, kuita nyore mabasa mumaresitorendi.

European humanoid zvidhori

MuTestamente World humanoid hurongwa vakasikwa uye vakakwana mukati ROBOSKIN chirongwa. The yakakurumbira muenzaniso Caspar uye iCub, zvidiki. First yakatanga paUniversity Hertfordshire (UK) uye akagadzirirwa kukurukura uye kudzidzisa vana vari tamba nzira. Zvakaitwa Caspar kuti kubatwa, nokuda hazvizivi ganda vasanonoka sensors angava akasiyana uye zvinoenderana tactile kuonana simba. In nyoro tickling robhoti anoratidza kugutsikana panguva simba achapesana anonyunyuta marwadzo.

robhoti muviri iCub (Italian Institute of Technology, kuGenoa) ane 53 madhigirii rusununguko, uyewo akapa Android muchina kubudikidza ikabatwa. Zvinoita somwana 4 - 5 years. Anogona kukambaira, vanodzika zvinhu, kufamba nomunzvimbo dzakaipa.

US State Order

Humanoid PETMAN (munyori chirongwa R. Pleyter, Boston Dinamics) asingadi kutaura chero kunzwa zvachose, nokuti nyore chikonzero kuti haana musoro. It akasikwa nehurumende kuti muedze unhu uye kuidzwa anodzivirira masutu. The robhoti ine avhareji murume parameters: kureba 1.75 mamita anoyera makirogiramu 80. PETMAN anoonawo maekisesaizi. Kufamba uye basketball kutungamirira kuti kakawanda kufema, wakawedzera muviri tembiricha, uye kunyange iratidzike seiri kubuda.

The robhoti anokwanisa kuita nyore muviri: akasvina kubva pasi, hwatata, zvinokambaira, etc. In asi kushandiswa injini uye hydraulic gadziriro netambo-netambo ... Developers Vimbiso munguva yemberi iri pedyo achasika munhu humanoid robhoti pamwe zvionera simba zvitengeswa.

Muna 2014, mienzaniso miviri itsva Atlas uye Cheetah vakanga vakapa pamwe functionality mukuru uye kufamba, asi zvakadaro tethered kuti kwokunze simba.

The chimurenga ari kuuya?

Professor Masha Vardi (Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, USA) anoti hapana miganhu kuti kushandisa michina ine michina uye pakupedzisira kuva mugove akangwara uye akakwana. Gore negore yakawanda uye yakakurumbira zvikuru, kana asina rudo, vakanakidzwa munyika humanoid marobhoti. Photos uye mavhidhiyo pamusoro Web kuwedzera mamiriyoni maonero, uye asi raiva nechokuita nokuwedzera marobhoti anogona substantially kuwedzera mugove rovha. In boka ounyanzvi hwokugadzira njodzi uye nzvimbo kuti inogona dzikwanise binary code: Telecom dzaishandisa uye motokari, cashiers nevamwe.

Uye pamusoro 5 yakanakisisa humanoid marobhoti uchapupu:

1. GEMINOID-F - musikana robhoti (Japan). Humanoid kopi Professor Ishiguro. Anokwanisa kutaura, kunyemwerera, kuratidza sezvimwe munhu palette wose manzwiro uye kunyange zvinoimba. Aitambisa mabasa anoverengeka yemitambo.
2. ASIMO - Android (Honda, Japan). Ari zvombo - achimhanya, kukunda pamusoro masitepisi, kutamba nhabvu. It ane kunzwisisa muchina chiono gadziriro uye vakagovera Switch Network. Wakagona kuzarura bottle ugodira zviri magirazi.
3. Ro-Mukomana - humanoid (Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland), nhengo dzose izvo zvinopa nzira nokuda 3D-rokudhinda.
4. CHISO (Italy) - zvikuru mupfungwa yeEuropean robhoti. 32 Dzinga kuti tsandanyama dzomuviri uye chiso zviri Mobile chaizvo.
5. Alice ( "Neyrobotiks", Russia) - zvikuru chaizvoizvo Russian Android. 8 actuators rinodzorwa ane gamepad.