Thermoelectric jenareta: Dzekare Nedzazvino

Wakambofunga nezvokuti kwakajairika choto kana gasi chitofu havagoni chete kupa ushamwari, asi kuva tsime magetsi? Sei, kunyange kubva moto kwidza kunogona kuwanikwa kunyange kana diki, asi dzimwe nguva zvakakodzera chaizvo magetsi ...

Matangiro Ayakaita

Midziyo iyo zviratidzo zvakadai zvinogoneka, rinozivikanwa "thermoelectric jenareta". akaberekwa, uyewo zvose magetsi, kubva kure namapfumbamwe remakore. Kamwe musayendisiti wokuGermany Thomas Seebeck yakasarudza kuitisa kumwe kuedza. Akatora waya mbiri yaigadzirwa nesimbi dzakasiyana, uye weld vapinde mhete wakapfigwa. Zvadaro mumwe mugumo nenharo pokunamatidza uye akaona kuti zviri rin'i ano akaonekwa. Zvisinei, kuwanikwa musayendisiti vakaonga kwete - kuitika zvokuti shomanana kuti rinogona kushandiswa kunze tembiricha chipimo. With anopfuura zana uye akaita nokushandisa kuwanikwa ainzi Seebeck thermocouples.

Zvose zvakachinja pashure zana, kana vasayendisiti akafarirawo semiconductors. Munguva 1930s, Soviet yefizikisi AF Ioffe soldered kupinda semiconductors mhete uye akawana kuti magetsi ikabereka zvikuru vanoremekedzwa simba. Semiconductor zvindori vaneta pamusoro ari eparafini rambi, sezvinoita pakora. yomukati miromo yavo vanowana kupisa mwenje, aimubata girazi. Chokunze kuguma kutonhora nokuda huru pechiso mbabvu. Sezvo yaishandiswa thermoelectric jenareta yainyanya. Zvinonzi achishingaira kushandiswa munzvimbo hakuna kunyange chinhu magetsi. Somuenzaniso, mumisha kupa maredhiyo. Kuvamba riri nyore uye hondo. Yakanyarara jenareta Patinoedza akabvumira kurishandisa munda simba paredhiyo.

Jenareta aine stuffing ngozi

Muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri pfungwa generating magetsi kubva chafariz simba zvakakonzera chidzoke itsva mhando thermoelectric emagetsi, izvo "kudziyirwa kumusoro" by radioactive zvinhu. Vanonzi radioisotope thermoelectric jenareta muna USSR akashandiswa kupa kumahombekombe lighthouses. MuUnited States akashandisa emagetsi idzodzo muchadenga zvinhu. Huni RTGs (rakapfupikiswa mudziyo zita) akashanda se strontium-90.

Kudivi rimwe, akadaro thermoelectric jenareta iri rakasimba, panorumwe - iri rine ngozi zvikuru. Izvi zvakava kunyanya pachena nhasi Russia, uko RTGs zhinji pamhenderekedzo kwenguva refu dzakabvarurwa nguva, uye ikozvino anomira pasina cherechedzo, sezvo zvokudya zvinonaka chechingwa kuti vateresi chinyorwa simbi. Saka, kuedza kubvisa zvakadai mano sezvinobvira.

Pamushandirapamwe, uye indasitiri

Asi kwete vose vakaipa. Mazuvano thermoelectric jenareta akava akakurumbira chinhu. Most zvose zviri sakare, rinobatsirawo munzvimbo magetsi haanganonoki. Kazhinji, mano aya chiine batsira kuti nzvimbo pamushandirapamwe, iyo seaman panguva nechikepe, kuti mununuri kana muvhimi. Kupisa kunobva angava kwakajairika moto, wakaisa nendiro nemvura kuwana zvinhu zvakafanira tembiricha donhwe jenareta. The simba akagamuchira kubva mudziyo, zvakakwana kubhadharisa serura kana tablet. Vamwe yemashoko emagetsi Somuenzaniso, GTP-12-12, akaita muchimiro muhari, izvo unogona kungotaura kurembera pamusoro pomoto.

Shandisa thermoelectric emagetsi, uye maindasitiri zvinangwa. Panguva mudzimu dzomunyika injini kana gasi turbine, sezvo chikazozikamwa, yakawanda kupisa kuri kunotangira. Uye kurishandisa kuti vaunze magetsi, izvo zvino rinogona kushandiswa sezvo uchida, uye kunyange kuwana pakutengeswa kwazvo. Usasiya pfungwa kushandisa parafini yenyukireya sechinhu kupisa kwaibva jenareta - zvave chakakodzera pazvinoitwa muUnited States uye Russia.

Pakupedzisira, sapakutanga, unogona vatore thermoelectric jenareta nemaoko ako. Maererano neWorld Wide Web anofamba uremu kudzidzisa mavhidhiyo uye nyaya nezvechiratidzo kutevedzana peungano. Zvisinei, chikuru che ari jenareta - thermoelectric module - vachiri kutenga. Asi vose, mumwe mudziyo akadaro uchava isingadhuri vakapiswa yokutevedzera.