Riparadzirwe zvinhu zviri biosphere

Zvinenge zvose wechikoro anoziva kuti ichitanga nyaya iri biosphere, kubatana kuri simba ndiyo hwaro nezvokuvapo zvakasikwa uye zvose zvine chokuita nayo. Very schematically, ichi kutenderera rinogona muchidimbu sezvinotevera. Sezvingatarisirwa yokuvamba zvipenyu uchapedza yakawanda chicherwa zvinhu zvakafanana hunhu, uye pashure porufu rwake, muchimiro siyana zvine maatomu akafanana kunyika chete kwezvakatipoteredza, nokudaro achiumba, ari kuchovha kwenyaya iri biosphere. Izvi anonziwo biogenic muitiro, uye isa chekubuda nechiito chake muchadenga, lithosphere uye hydrosphere. Cyclical uye repeatable zvinhu kuchinja mananara ari zvinogara siyana kwakaita kuti zita - ichitanga.

Anenge pasina chaakasiya zvipenyu vanobatanidzwa mune iri kutenderera. Somuenzaniso, zvinomera zvinodya, riri mudenga, carbon dioxide, zvicherwa uye yoga zvakatipoteredza okisijeni.

Fauna fema chete okisijeni, izvo anosunungurwa miti, uye nokudya zvinomera izvi, tibatsirwe uye bikurudza makemikari nyaya. Uyezve, pashure pokufa nemhuka, avo zvisaririra zviri kupatsanurwa nemabhakitiriya siyana kuumbika carbon dioxide inobvisa uye kutendeuka Organic yeimwe vari chicherwa fuma.

Ipapo riparadzirwe zvinhu zviri biosphere - muitiro atendeuka uye misha zvinhu unobuda muvhu, apo voparadzwa zvicherwa, uye ipapo, akavapindurawo, yokuita zvinoitwa chirimwa nyika. Kuti muchidimbu kutenderera ichi panguva mabhomba vanochiva chinofanira kuva kumbonyanya nyore mhedziso - maatomu nevamwe inokosha makemikoro, vanoita kuchiitwa kuti yokutama, kwete chete kubva muviri mumwe, asi kubva mhando ezvinhu kune imwe - anoramba aripo muvhu, mhepo uye hydrosphere.

Kuwanda zvinogara akadaro anenge haaperi Somuenzaniso, zvinofungidzirwa kuti mumhepo okisijeni yakakwana ayo papi mumakore maviri chete duku chiuru ichipfuura zvipenyu. Chete kufamba kunoita uye carbon dioxide, chete ipapo kutenderera anotora shoma nguva - makore 200-300 chete. Sezvo chikamu muitiro uyu, inova ichitanga nyaya iri biosphere, chete kutenderera kurapwa anonzi biogeochemical zvinogara.

Zvakatarwa ne ichi kutenderera? Zvinosuruvarisa nzwisisika, uye Chikurukuru, azere mhinduro mubvunzo uyu haisi. Anogona yakavimbika vanosimbirira kuti mumwe zvikonzero nyasha zvekuvaka constraints nyika yedu. Chimwe musiyano wezvinyorwa mhinduro inogona kuvimba nedzidziso kukuru Vernadsky pamusoro biosphere iyo inotaura kuvapo nzvimbo turnover, riri wakakodzera kwete chete kune kuchovha shoko, asi kushandura inzwi wezvose tigutsikane. Zvinonzi vakaziva kuti mhando dzose zvinogara, sezvo tisina localize navo nguva uye nzvimbo, vane chinhu chimwe chakafanana vose pfuma yavo. Vose vari nechokuita dzinotsanagura simba muviri. Pakutanga, sezvo hwaro kutenderera, izvozvo anoita simba kwezuva. Zvinonzi panguva dzikwanise rakasiyana-siyana simba makemikari mumuviri transformations, asi nekuti tinogona kutaura pamusoro kutenderera simba mukana, musungwa ari biosphere. Kugadzikana dzinotsanagura simba uye zvipenyu kurapwa Nde zvimiso zvisingatomboiti uye irambe mamiriro biosphere.

Sezvambotaurwa, mumwe "nhengo" dzakawanda mudunhu iri kabhoni. Kuvapo maatomu akafanana izvi zvinenge zvose Organic zvinhu zvine musoro anotsanangura kabhoni kutenderera ari biosphere. Mune nedanho photosynthesis, kabhoni-assimilates kubva Biosphere zvikamu zvinomera uye dzikwanise makabhohaidhiretsi. Kana afemeruke zvipenyu, muitiro kunoshandurwa, uye somugumisiro zvinonzi zvakapedza huru reserves ari kabhoni yatinofema. Huru zvinoita kuti tizive kabhoni kurapwa vari afemeruke uye photosynthesis.

Uyewo mumwe mikuru zvinhu zvose makemikari nyaya iri senitrogen. Ake, sezvo chinhu chinokosha zvinoriumba, ane ATP, mapuroteni, nucleic acids. Nitrogen zvirimowo achinyanya mumhepo, uye ayo samolecular payakavakirwa haibvumiri mbesa kuti kurishandisa. Saka miti upise senitrogen sezvo inorganic zvinhu. Nzira iyo senitrogen ari kusvitsa muvhu kana mvura, zvakasiyana, saka kuparadzirwa senitrogen iri dzaisiyana mune biosphere. Somuenzaniso, vamwe senitrogen yeimwe akaumba mumhepo panguva mabhanan'ana. Mvura kana kumhanya-kure vanoenda kurwizi, ivhu, nyanza, apo zvino akanyatsonzwisisa miti.

Sezvinogona kuoneka, nguva dzose, zvipenyu ndivo hwaro paumbwe redunhu zvinhu zviri biosphere.