Simba muviri

Muviri - kunokosha chezvinonhuwira muviri anokosha. Zvinosanganisira pezvakaitwa akawanda. Energy muviri kunosanganisira cleavage kuti makemikari zvinhu uye makemikari kusunungurwa simba uye kubatana. It rinozivikanwa kuti kumwe yavaive chinoitwa pamwe muchimiro kupisa. Chimwe mugove anoregerwa ATP mamorekuru.

Zvokukura simba muviri kwemhuka

Danho rokutanga - regadziriro. Energy muviri kunotanga nezvokudya kupinda munzvimbo muviri womunhu kana mhuka iri muchimiro kunzwisisa macromolecular zvinhu. Asati kupinda, ndiko kuparadzwa izvi pasi samolecular uremu yeimwe kuti munyama uye masero.

Hydrolytic cleavage kuti makemikari zvinhu rinoitwa pamwe kutora chikamu chemvura. Izvi zvinoitika muna zvomudumbu turakiti (zvipuka zvine masero akawanda), panguva cellular pamwero (mu lysosomes) ari zvomudumbu vacuoles (unicellular) pasi pokudzora zvimwe makemikari.

Mapuroteni muvanhu nemhuka dzaputswa mudumbu uye duodenum kuti amino acids. Izvi zvinoitika pasi pokudzora peptidgidrolaz (chymotrypsin, trypsin, pepsin). Kunyange nemumuromo mhango anotanga muitiro anotsemura polysaccharides. enzayemu Izvi zvaisanganisira ptyalin. Humwe cleavage pamusoro polysaccharides kunoitika pasi pokudzora amylase ari duodenum. Kouya yokuparara kwemafuta. Izvi rinokanganisa lipase. The simba kuti anosunungurwa zvozopiwa muchimiro kupisa.

Energy muviri kunosanganisira chokuendesa muviri zvinoumba muropa ravo, uye zvokufambisa masero ose uye nhengo. In masero vanopinda zvakananga vakapinda cytoplasm kana lysosome. Kana zvinhu dzaputswa mu lysosomes panguva cellular vanochiva vakabva mumaoko cytoplasm. danho iri kunosanganisira kwegadziriro yeimwe kusvika intracellular kudzikisirana.

In yechipiri Danho simba muviri rinomiririra anoxic oxidation. Saka pezvakaitwa kuitika pasina kubatanidzwa reokisijeni, pane imwe cellular pamwero. Oxidation anotora nzvimbo muchitokisi cytoplasm. Mumwe zvinokosha kuti tibu- simba Exchange, ndiye shuga. Other Organic remubatanidzwa (amino acid, glycerol, mafuta acids) vanobatanidzwa nedanho kwokushanduka mumatanho akasiyana.

Kukamurwa shuga pasina okisijeni inonzi glycolysis. remubatanidzwa ichi kaviri anotevedzana transformations akawanda. Chokutanga, pane ayo kutendeuka kupinda fructose. Shuga fosfoliruetsya - kusashanda ne mamorekuru maviri ATP vanoshandura kupinda fructose-diphosphate. munda uyu decays kabhoni hexahydric Morekuru huviri-kabhoni matatu mamorekuru glycerophosphate. Somugumisiro anoverengeka zvinoitwa oxidation kunoitika. Saka mamorekuru vanorasikirwa maviri rehydrogen maatomu, akatendeuka pakupedzisira kupinda morekuru zviri pyruvic acid. Mugumisiro wanda izvi zviri synthesized mamorekuru mana ATP. Kana kutanga activation vaviri shuga mamorekuru pamusoro ATP raishandiswa, vakawanda 2ATF pakupedzisira kuumbwa. Kusunungurwa, saizvozvo disintegration Kweshuga simba iri ubatanidzwewo reserved uye pamwe kubudiswa dziri kupisa.

Panguva pavaipfuura rechitatu, afemeruke (chaivo oxidation). Danho iri zvinogoneka chete pasi pokudzora okisijeni. Panyaya iyi, inonzi oxygen. Izvi zvinoitika muna mitochondria.

Vakawanda mazwi (chikuru) Exchange simba mari (paavhareji) munhu mukuru anenge 24 kcal / makirogiramu / zuva. Pakuverenga avhareji munhu zuva kudyiwa 1500 kcal vakadzi uye vanenge 1700 kcal varume. In varwere akasiyana Profile zvokurwara simba kudiwa pazuva aigona simuka maviri katatu.