Kukura matanda. Weight uye chokuguma matanda

Kune mhando dzakawanda namatanda. Vari zvakapatsanurwa maererano nechinangwa: hwaro, nokuti uriri, akatakura; mashoko: simbi, matanda, kongiri. Kazhinji, ose mashoko vakaisa pasi pakunzi ari chinhu, asi zvinonzwisisika chete unyanzvi. Kuti uzive zvakavanzwa seri abbreviations mazita, unoziva sei kukura matanda kuziva uremu, unofanira kuona, funga zvikuru Mapato okuvaka zvigadzirwa.

mukuru pfungwa

Beam - chinjikira rutsigiro chinhu pamusoro STRUCTURAL ezvinhu ane kubva mumwe pakawanda rutsigiro. Inogona kufukidza munhu (paradzanisa), uye Flights akawanda (risina kugerwa). Mashoko ari danda rakakamurwa:

• Metallic (simbi).
• Wood.
• Akazadzisa kongiri.

Ivo zvinoshandiswa kuvaka sezvo mutoro inobereka zvivako, kushanda vachikotama, uye zvemaziso (semuenzaniso, sezvo chikamu panhongonya Crane).

simbi matanda

The Kudeuka boka. Kupatsanura, yauri kuwana pfungwa mukuru simbi matanda:

1. Working zano:

1.1. Single-span (paradzanisa).

1.2. Multispan (risina kugerwa).

1.3. Cantilever (imwe rutsigiro muchimiro entrapment).

Ivo vari kwazvo dzinokodzera gadzira uye ungano sezvo zvichienzaniswa multi-hop. Kuramba matanda zvinokurudzirwa nokuzvisimbisa rubatsiro yakavimbika, apo pasina mukana gogonera subsidence.

2. Muchikamu maonero :

2.1. Tikaisa (odnotavrovye, I-danda, muchinjikwa okukohwa).

2.2. Zvinoriumba: welded, akakiya, riveted.

Rakajairika pakushandisa I kunemisara vanoonekwa - vane nyore kugadzira uye ichiita mabasa akawanda muna kushandiswa. Uyezve, zviri zvavo uye funga.

Parameters I-danda

Metal zvigadzirwa vari kusiyaniswa akavimbika dzavo uye yakakwirira michina unongotaura. I-matanda - hapana anosara. Vanopinda muchikwata che refu zvigadzirwa, kurimwa rinoitwa maererano nokurondedzerwa. Uyewo nokurondedzerwa dzinobva zvinodiwa kuti vakasangana nevanhu danda GOST 535-2005 "akakungurutsirwa muzariro wemari uye chikamu STRUCTURAL pamusoro kabhoni simbi zvavo yepamusoro" anodzora navo.

By mhando danda Profile kunogona kuva:

1) dzakafanana Racks:

1.1) Normal (b).

1.2) pamwe navanopinda pasherefu (W).

1.3) ari mbiru (K).

In zita chigadzirwa Profile maonero anogara encrypted. Somuenzaniso, danda 20b1 achipfeka kukura kwakadaro: kureba masendimita 20, D - zvakajairika, pasherefu upamhi - 100 mm (10 cm).

2) womukati kutsvetera anotarisana:

2.1) Normal - 6-12% gradient.

2.2) Dzinenge: M - kuturika njanji pamusoro Cranes nezvimwewo (≤12%).

2.3) - nokuti chisimbiso pamusoro miseve yangu (≤16%)

Beam kaviri till: Dimensions uye uremu

tsika idzi kuvimba mumwe, uyewo pamusoro mhando simbi, rakaiswa pamusoro kugadzirwa. Chidzore navo, unofanira kushandisa tafura Lookup. Kuti papi?

Pane assortments kwakavakirwa GOST 8239-89, 19425-74, 26020-83. By mhando Profile, sarudza yakakodzera tafura, vanoona kukura zvakakodzera pamusoro pamakamuri, mumwe nomumwe zvakananga nyaya anopiwa zvakawanda zvigadzirwa pamusoro 1 mita. ukoshi iri kuonekwa Munongedzo, anoshandiswa dzemaitirwe, asi chaizvoizvo zvingasiyana zvishoma kubva chaiko (kana kugadzirwa rinoitwa sezvo TU).

Somuenzaniso: danda 20b1. Assortment of sizes: kureba - 200 mm Width - 100 neMM, rusvingo ukobvu - 5.6 neMM, echiShinto saizi - 8.5 neMM, kuti nharaunda yose curvature womukati pamupendero - 12 mm.

Beam kaviri till, apo kukura uye uremu anopiwa iri tafura, chipimo ichi mhando. Kana kutenga chinhu chigadzirwa ari mugadziri vanosungirwa kupa ruzivo pamusoro chaiwo parameters pakati pezvokuvamba nemhosva.

emapuranga matanda

The anowanzodanwa kushandiswa pakuvaka dzimba sezvo zvinhu pindana uriri, uriri, ceilings kupedza rukoko sechikamu truss, matanda acho kuti pamatenga edzimba mudziyo. Eremendi ari matanda muchikamu rectangular pamwe parameters kugadziridzwa - kubva 140-250 mm yakafara - 50-160 mm. Length anogona dzinosiyana 2 kusvika 5 meters (dzakakudzingai kukosha rinobereka).

Sezvamunoita matanda anogona kunge yakasimba kana glued (multilayer). Nokuti kugadzirwa vanoshandisa Conifers, sezvo vane elasticity rakanaka uye vachikotama basa, izvo zvinokosha akatakura chinjikira okunze.

Wooden matanda miganhu kuvimba mutoro yemberi pindana, pamusoro mhando rokuzadza Vhoriyamu rokuti (Heaters, Nakata), pamwero mukuru span. parameters zvose izvi zviri nokudzorwa GOST 4981-87 "matanda emapuranga uriri."

Special zvinhu

Asati nokushandisa yematanda zvinhu nokungwarira kubatwa akambozvishandisa kuuraya utachiona Formulations kuti kudzivirira putrefaction zvigare uye kukuvadza rodent, uye inowedzera moto kuramba kuti mapuranga.

pindana zvinhu akatasva ari zvikuru yakarongwa dendere kana kutarisirwa masonry zvichida notching yokumusoro rusvingo korona mamiriro akasiyana yemapuranga zvinhu. Installation iri kubva zvakanyanyisa kusvika nechepakati danda. The bhuku Terminus kuva asina mapfupi pane masendimita 15.

• Kana kuisa chokunze matanda rusvingo vakasununguka miromo yatemwa ne 60 ^0, kubatwa antiseptics uye kudzivirira nemakadhibhokisi akanzwa kana nemakadhibhokisi akanzwa.
• Kana kugumisa matanda masonry, kuguma matanda inofanira akaomeswa uye muitiro bhitumini, kudzivirira kubva kuorera mazviri.
• Zadza spatial niche murusvingo inofanira hita. Unogona kuronga bhokisi emapuranga.
• kuva nechokwadi kuti kusiya kufefetedza mutsinga dzinofamba nemukaka mukati merima pamadziro apo huchabvisa mwando kubva akasununguka mugumo.
• Kana dzakaonda masvingo (zvidhinha maviri) nzvimbo iri niches kubvumirwa kuzadza pamwe simende dhaka.
• On yomukati madziro danda anoiswa pamusoro akanzwa rukoko.

Beam anogona kutsiviwa ne danda, dhayamita iyo unoenderana kukwirira rectangular muchinjikwa chikamu maatomu akafanana. Hazvina mari panyaya kutenga mashoko, asi zvinokosha kuyeuka kuti Kuda kutamba ngazviitwe chaiyo nzira achibatsirwa zvimiso midzi pamadziro.

yanyatsosimba kongiri danda

Zvinowanzoshandiswa pamwero mukuru kuvaka dzinogarwa uye paruzhinji zvivako.

Patsanura matanda ari parameters akawanda, anogona kunzi rakakura kupesana pamusoro chinangwa uye mhando pamuchinjikwa-chikamu panguva:

• Foundation. Ivo inoshandiswa kuvaka mudzimba vane maindasitiri zvivako uye zvivako dzinogarwa munzvimbo dzakakwirira zvizivikanwe nemichina basa. Angava T-zvakaumbwa Profile mu muchinjikwa chikamu kana trapezoid.
• Dual truss kana dzakaonda-kuti denga nehurongwa vari rakavharwa-kure mano mune maindasitiri uye kurima zvivako. Ivai maberere nokuti kugadzira ari njanji.
• Rectangular matanda vane dzakasiyana configurations (odnotavry, I-matanda, L- uye T-zvakaumbwa Profiles) anoshandiswa bindepinde zvaiva pamadziro, uriri kusvika 18 mamita.

Kukura matanda kunobva yavo chinangwa uye vane parameters zvakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, truss zvivako vane kureba kusvika 24 m, uye vanhuwo uriri zvinhu anogona kuvimba ndima 18 m. The dzimwe parameters takatsunga mumwe nomumwe nomumwe chigadzirwa.

Encombrements joists anogona kuwanikwa State Standard kana Directories kubva dzakananga vagadziri, sezvo vanogona siyana. GOST 20372-90 "matanda uye truss Akazadzisa podstropilnye" inorondedzera zvinodiwa zvinokosha kuti zvigadzirwa, zvinhu uye chisimbiso mamiriro, pamusoro hwaro ichi, mabhizimisi chamutsa TU.

chikuru kukarukureta

zvakagadzirwa zvose zviri muSoviet yaitonga vakapesana kupinda dzakatevedzana. Pane kwezvipimo kwemabhuku kongiri, iro rinotaura zvose mhando uye hukuru pamusoro kutigumbura, matanda, Slabs, kugadzirwa mafekitari munharaunda dzakasiyana. The tabular nokupeta akauya kukura mumativi ose okunze, avo akaverenga uremu. mabhuku iyi saka kure rinogona kushandiswa sokunoratidza kuti ezvivako, asi mainjiniya vanosungirwa kuti kuenzanisa umboo kubva chesamende pamberi zvigadzirwa zvakadaro bhizimisi vanhasi.

Kune mitemo akawanda, izvo chandakukanganisira matanda Akazadzisa kongiri. Dimensions vanofanira kusangana zvinotevera nzira:

1. Kukwirira iri kupfuura 5% of kureba vakaprofita span.
2. Upamhi danda akatsunga MUPARIDZI 5: 7 (upamhi paurefu).
3. Chisimbiso zvigadzirwa zvinoberekwa Scheme 2 pazasi uye pamusoro tsvimbo (sag nemishonga). Kutora chitunha simbi matanda ane dhayamita pamusoro 12-14 mm.

Saka zviri nyore kuona danda kukura zvinodiwa zvikuru mugove.