Devonian Nguva Paleozoic yaitonga

Geological Devonian nguva (420 - 358 miriyoni apfuura) ndiko kutanga Late Paleozoic. Panguva iyoyo paiva biotic zviitiko zvakawanda zvikuru pamusoro pakuzadzisa upenyu Panyika. Devonian maitiro paakagadzwa muna 1839 nemasayendisiti Adam Sedgwick uye Roderick Murchison muna Chirungu County pamusoro Devonshire, pashure uyo anonzi.

Biota

Pausiku ari Devonian vakawanda kutsakatika chakaitika ari makemikari nyika. mhando dzakawanda, kunyanya kwakapararira munyika, akangoti aparara uye anyangarika. Panzvimbo yavo mune mapoka matsva mhuka zvinomera. Pavanondirwisa kusarudza chii akafanana nemiti uye Fauna of Devonian kumwedzi.

Paiva chimurenga chaiye. Zvino upenyu kwakasimbiswa kwete chete mumakungwa uye Freshwater miviri, asi panyika. Kwakapararira nyika vertebrates dzavanhu zvinomera. Devonian nguva, nemiti uye fauna of izvo akaramba ichishanduka, pakataurwa chidzoke rokutanga vaAmoni (cephalopods). It noruzivo ayo ichatonga zvine mbiri bryozoans, rugosa, dzimwe mhando zvakajeka brachiopods.

Life mugungwa

On kukura makemikari nyika chachinja kwete chete yepanyama shanduka, asiwo dzinotaurwa Devonian nguva, uyewo zvikuru tectonic kufamba uye matambudziko nzvimbo (rose) kuchinja mararamiro nzvimbo. Life mugungwa kwazova siyana sezvo kufananidzwa Silurian. Devonian nguva yacho Paleozoic yaitonga kunoratidzwa ne koshesa kukura siyana hove kwemarudzi (mamwe masayendisiti uye idaidza "nguva hove"). Panguva iyoyo chakatanga wasvava tsistoidey, Nautiloidea, trilobites uye graptolites.

Kunonyanyisa nhamba yokubererwa yakasvika zvakajeka brachiopods. Kunyanya siyana vaiva spiriferidy, atripidy, rinhonellidy uye terebratulidy. Species wakapfuma uye nokukurumidza variability munguva akasiyana brachiopods. boka iri ndiro rinokosha kupfuura kuti paleontologists uye Vanodzidza muzvirongwa uwane kwetsinga pamusoro deposits.

Devonian nguva, izvo mhuka uye zvinomera zviri kusiyaniswa siyana tichienzanisa kare eras, akava chinokosha kukura nekorari. Pamwe chete stromatoporoideyami bryozoans uye vakatanga kutora chikamu mukuvakwa kumboongororwa. Vakanga achibatsirwa dzakasiyana-siyana calcareous algae, izvo kugarwa pagungwa Devonian.

Invertebrates uye vertebrates

Pakati invertebrates vakashanduka ostracods, merostomes, tentaculites, blastoids, gungwa rehapa, gungwa urchins, sechipanji, gastropods uye Conodonts. Maererano nezvakanga zvasara okupedzisira nyanzvi nhasi kuona makore sedimentary namatombo.

Devonian nguva kwakaratidzwa kuwedzera kukosha vertebrates. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, akanga "Century hove" - warrior, mhou uye hove cartilaginous rakazvipira hukuru chinzvimbo. Kubva ichi vakawanda Mupumburu New boka. Vakanga jawless hove-zvakadai zvinenge. Nei vertebrates izvi makamutsiridzazve? Somuenzaniso, imwe plastinokozhih uye nehove warrior pamberi mutumbi uye musoro akafukidzwa hobvu unodzivirira goko - a mutsindo nharo iri kutamburira kuti tipone. zvisikwa izvi zvakasiyana ndakagara mararamiro. In pakati Devonian havana chete shwashwa, asi Akulovo. Chikuru chinzvimbo vakagara uye gare gare - muna Mesozoic.

uswa

Panguva chijana, anosiiwa ari Silurian Devonian nguva, vakawedzera chirimwa kuwana nyika. Zvakatanga nokukurumidza Resettlement dzavo uye kuchinjira kumamiriro matsva upenyu pano. Early uye Sredniy Devon akapfuura pasi pokutonga kwokunge chinyakare vascular zvinomera Rhyniophyta kuti akakura mune machakwi munzvimbo. Pakazopera nguva ivo adzima pose pose. KuMiddle Devonian kwatova spore miti (chlenistostebelnye, Lycopodiaceae uye ferns).

okutanga gymnosperms akazviratidza. Shrub rakavapo kupinda muti. Kunyanya nesimba kuparadzira heterosporous ferns. Kumboda zvakohwewa uswa yakatanga munzvimbo dziri mumhenderekedzo dzegungwa, kwaiva ushamwari, munyoro uye nyorovera okunze. Distance kubva mumakungwa Earth panguva iyoyo zvichiripo pasina uswa.

Climate

The Devonian nguva iri dzinoratidzwa zonation zvakajeka okunze ichienzaniswa pakutanga Paleozoic. East Evopeyskaya kuchikuva uye Ural vaiva Equatorial mapazi (avhareji tembiricha 28 - 31 ° C), Caucasus - Tropical bhandi (23 - 28 ° C). Mamiriro ezvinhu akafanana aripo kuWestern Australia.

Dzisinganayi okunze (mufushwa gwenga Climate) yakatangwa Canada. Panguva ino munharaunda pamativi enyika Saskatchewan uye Alberta, uyewo muna Mackenzie River bheseni aiva chinoshingaira muitiro yomunyu kuwanda. Izvi chiratidzo nevamwe mu North America vakasiya shure Devonian nguva. Zvicherwa aunganidza dzimwe nharaunda. On kuSiberia Platform chero kimberlite pombi vava zvikuru nedhaimani deposits.

nyoro nharaunda

Mukupera Devonian kuEastern Siberia kuwedzera humidification rakatanga, nekuti izvo kwakaonekwa akaturikidzana muchifumiswa pazvinhu manganese oxides uye hydroxides simbi. Panguva iyoyowo nyorovera okunze akanga yo dzimwe nzvimbo Gondwana (Uruguay, Argentina, South Australia). Aikudzwa nemupristi mwando, izvo anowira kunonaya kupfuura aigona seep muvhu uye sasana.

Munharaunda idzi (uyewo kuchamhembe-mabvazuva uye zasi Asia) akagadzirisa the reef arrays vaunganidza the reef limestones. In Belarus, Kazakhstan uye Siberia tikaisa shanduka unyoro. Mukutanga Devonian akaumba vazhinji Semi-oga uye yoga madziva mukati iro zvivako zvakanga dzoga fauna of. Pakazopera nguva musiyano pakati pakutanga usapfuura.

zvicherwa

The Devonian munzvimbo ine nyorovera mumamirire ekunze vakaumba kupfuura yekare munyika marasha vazvo. deposits izvi zvinosanganisira deposits muNorway, uye Timan. Pakazosvika Devonian horizons mafuta uye gasi akatakura vari Pechora uye Volga-Urals kumatunhu. The chete zvinogona kutaurwa zvakafanana deposits US, Canada, Sahara uye reAmazon.

Panguva ino, muna Urals uye Tatarstan vakatanga kuumba reserves esimbi esimbi. In kumatunhu vane dzisinganayi ezvinhu vakaumba gobvu strata kuti potashi (Canada uye Belarus). Volcanic kuratidzwa zvakakonzera kuunganidza mhangura-pyrite ores muna North Caucasus uye kumabvazuva mujinga ari Urals. Chero kutungamirira-zingi nedare-manganese dhipoziti muCentral Kazakhstan.

tectonics

By pakutanga Devonian mudunhu North Atlantic, uye kuva akatanga gomo zvivako jutting (Northern Zimbabwe, Northern Tiến Shan, Altai). Euramerica panguva iyoyo yaiva ine latitudes, Siberia, Korea uye China - iri unozvidzora latitudes. Gondwana akanga zvachose kumaodzanyemba hemisphere.

Euramerica akaumba pakutanga pakati Devonian. The Chikonzero parinowanika waiva kurwisana pakati Eastern Europe uye North America. ino akatambura zvikuru rinoti (kumukuru pamwero vachigoverana muhomba). Products ose kwevhu yaro (muchimiro tsvuku clastic sediments) aunganidza muBritain, Zimbabwe, Spitsbergen uye dzekuma Scandinavia. With zvitsva hurongwa gomo akapeta (mudanga hurongwa kuNorthern Appalachians uye Newfoundland), kuchamhembe-kumavirira nokumaodzanyemba Euramerica dzakandipoteredza.

Vakawanda East European Platform ari pasi zvishoma nemumakomo watersheds. Chete iri kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero pedyo British-Air Mobile bhandi wakaiswa pasi makomo nezvikomo makuru. In yechipiri yezana Devonian nguva, nokugadza pauri vaduku zvikamu East European pachikuva vakanga nemafashamo negungwa. On the kumahombekombe pamapani kuparadzira dzvuku. Under ezvinhu soro salinity nechepakati chikamu pegungwa akaunganidza deposits dolomite, gypsum, dombo munyu.