Trainability - ndiko ... Fast anodzidza. How kutanga kudzidza

Kudzidza kwauchaita hunosanganisira kuitwa imwe mwana, akapiwa, zvichienderana nezera, gadziriro ruzivo uye unyanzvi. Asi zvinokosha kufunga munhu zvechadenga mumwe ubatanidzwe rokudzidzisa kwacho, richiratidzwa norudzi nevakwegura, unhu mwero kukura ndangariro, hanya uye maonero. Tikafunga hwounhu idzi hwomwana unhu anosarudza kubudirira kwayo, Kurondedzera integrative pfuma, izvo pedagogy uye zvepfungwa dzinonzi urema pakudzidza.

Kududzirwa Akasiyana pfungwa "Kudzidza"

Kazhinji, kudzidza - ichi ndechimwe chikuru zviratidzi munhu akagadzirira kwatangwa kana chinangwa pakuunganidza ruzivo, richiratidzwa yakasiyana susceptibility kuti ugone mashoko matsva mukufamba mabasa edzidzo.

Somuenzaniso, maererano physiology, pfuma iri zvakabatana chaizvo pamwe dynamism pakati tsinga, kureva, mwero inotungamirwa pfupi kwokubatana mairi (VD Nebylitsin). Asi mupristi trainability, kazhinji kunokonzerwa kwete chete nokuda psycho-vasiri prerequisites. Zvinonzi zvakabatana chaizvo kuti ufanane pave rezvedzidzo basa rayo yauinayo.

Pfungwa "kudzidza" ane dudziro zhinji, sezvo vaiona nenyanzvi mune pedagogy uye zvepfungwa pamwe siyana munzvimbo nesayenzi. Zvikurukuru, B. G. Ananev rinobatanidza mufananidzo ane wakagadzirira pfungwa kune nokukurumidza chiitiko pedagogical muitiro. B. V. Zeygarnik anotenda kuti kudzidza zvakawanda zvinogona yaibvira mwana kukura ruzivo itsva kushanda nevanhu vakuru. I. A. Zimnyaya anobata pfungwa iyi sezvo unoda mwana kodzero yokugamuchira uye kududzira mudzidzisi kubatsirwa. Kupfuura namazvo uye kwakakwana tsanangudzo iyi izwi anopa H I. Kalmykov. Maererano naye pfungwa, kudzidza - mubatanidzwa vakangwara pfuma munhu, chakasiyana mubatanidzwa iyo anosarudza padanho kunyatsoshanda basa rokudzidzisa. ehupfumi izvi zvinosanganisira zvavo zviri kushanda kwendangariro, ruzivo, rusununguko, mukana wokushandiswa kuenderera mafungiro, susceptibility hanya.

zviratidzi kudzidza

chikoro mudzidzi kunoratidzwa zviratidzo zvakadai, kumhanya mberi mukudzidzira ruzivo uye unyanzvi kukura, kushaya kunetseka nedanho kukura (kushushikana, musoro kuneta, etc ..), The plasticity kufunga zviri yezwi itsva nzira kwemajoini basa, kutsiga nomusoro uye kunzwisisa zvinhu.

AK Markova zvakanyatsorurama allocates zviratidzo izvi:

- basa unhu dzidziso itsva ezvinhu;

- kutanga pakusarudzwa uye chisarudzo mamwe optioneel mabasa, chido anozodzidza kurovedza yakaoma zvikuru;

- kutsungirira zvinangwa, uye kukwanisa kukunda zvipingamupinyi vasangana uye kukanganiswa;

- yakanaka omumwe rubatsiro mukuru (mubereki, mudzidzisi), kushaya kunyunyuta.

Mudzidzi ave ezvinhu kukura kwepfungwa

At chinoumba "kudzidza" pfungwa unosimbiswa L. S. Vygotskim kwevari basa chepfungwa. Wokutanga wavo - musi, wechipiri - ari mapazi ose proximal kukura. Hazvina chikonzero ichi chinoratidza kusiyana pandandanda yemabasa kuti mwana anogona kuita pachavo, uye rakasiyana-siyana mikana kuti pari rinogona kuona nokushandisa rubatsiro mukuru.

zvakarurama L. S. Vygotsky aiti mapazi ose proximal pakukura zvakananga kunokanganisa rinomutsa mabasa kwepfungwa, mukusiyana mamiriro padanho. Teaching muitiro anobuda zvakanyanya uye zvinobudirira kana mabasa vachidzidza sei mwana uye kuva mikana kuti panguva haangagoni kuziva hwavo.

Somugumisiro, kudzidza nekukura anogona kuzivisa Isimba rakadini rinogona kubudiswa, zvingakonzera nezvaanogona vana, kuvandudza nokugamuchira kudzidza ruzivo itsva anotibvumira kumutumidza inokosha, kutungamirira chokukomborerwa basa chepfungwa.

kudzidza

Trainability - chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha chirwere zviratidzi kuti kuona kubudirira rokudzidzisa muitiro. It anonzi zvikurukuru somunhu yoga muchikwata. Uye kana zvakakodzera, kana tichienzanisa kurovedza. In pedagogical Encyclopaedia pfungwa idzi dzinokosha dziri zvichishandurwa sezvinotevera.

Education - ibatanidzo ruzivo, unyanzvi uye mano, izvo zvinoreva anokarirwa mugumisiro dzidzo. Its chikuru zvinodiwa zviri GEF.

Mark anoratidza Education. Uye kudzidza uri chinodiwa pane iyi kuwana refu azvipire mudzidzi. Inoitwa kwegadziriro nomunhu kuita exchange uye chatingatevedzera kuitwa zivo. pfuma iyi zvakabatana chaizvo pamwe kukura zvishande urongwa sezvo pfungwa, mafungiro, ndangariro, fungidziro, matauriro, kufunga. Akaratidzawo kuti ukama pakati padanho rekudzidza paumbwe motivational uye nesarudzo uye mupfungwa mabhora unhu.

Chirwere kudzidza vana chikoro chepuraimari mu

The chikuru zvebasa nokudzidza pakudzidza siyana muzvikoro zvepuraimari vari:

1. Kutsunga kuti paumbwe huru zviratidzi ari kubudirira rokudzidzisa muitiro kuchikoro mudiki chechetere.

2. Kudzidza nomunhu zvatariswa uye nesimba pamusoro suggestibility muvana.

3. Nokuzivikanwa yezvakaita yakawiriranwa kudzidza uye suggestibility iri nyaya.

Mamirire wemasvomhu kudzidza vana chikoro mudiki vari kunyanya kuitwa maererano migumisiro chirwere kudzidza pamusoro nzira yakataurwa Yu Gutka. Musimboti zviri kuita 10 mabasa chokuita pakuvaka munhevedzano nhamba maererano zvimwe nenheyo. Mudzidzisi pakuitisa chidzidzo achibatsirwa makadhi inoratidza digits matatu nyaya yokutanga. Mwana anofanira kuramba dzino nokuwedzera zvakawanda digits vatatu matanhatu dzataurwa nokuda pakuverenga pamwe nheyo kuvakwa. Dudziro migumisiro rinoitwa pamusoro pezvakaita uye nhamba zvikanganiso.

Ziva kudzidza pamwero vadzidzi 'nepakati uye mukuru utariri

Muna 1997 P. I. Tretyakovym uye IB Sennovskaya yava muitiro nechirwere urema vachidzidza ari pamwero kuzvionera mabasa edzidzo.

Mubayiro pakudzidza kunotemwa neboka dose rutsigiro yedzidzo kubva vadzidzisi. Kudzidza chechetere anokosha inversely Proportional kuti dose kubatsirwa. Kureva kuti, zvimwe mwana inoda rutsigiro mudzidzisi kutamira kubva kuitika pamwero kuti mapazi ose proximal kukura, rezasi padanho kudzidza.

Musimboti magadzirirwo ndechokuti mudzidzisi kwemaminitsi 7-12 (zvichienderana nemakore nyaya) Anotungidza zvinhu zvitsva, vachishandisa nzira dzakasiyana yokukurukura mashoko. Zvakakodzera "mifananidzo", "audialy" uye "kinesthetic" vakanga vakaenzana pokutangira ezvinhu. Next wakaitwa chikuru Kuda kutamba mashoko matsva (5-7 min.). Pashure paizvozvo, vadzidzi vanotanga kushanda vakazvimiririra, iyo rakakamurwa 4 nzendo.

1. A tsananguro zvakanyorwa mashoko matsva.
2. Pindura mubvunzo chaiwo chokuita zviri musoro.
3. The basa iri kutanga modeled uye zvadaro zvakachinja mamiriro.
4. Kushandisa nezivo itsva ezvinhu, nevanhu kare vadzidza zvinhu, dzinoshanda mabasa, mamwe sayenzi.

nhanho pakudzidza

• III sandara pakudzidza - soro. Inonzi rokusika, sezvo presupposes kukwanisa vakazvimirira nokusangana mashoko matsva rive seti yavo ruzivo. It inorondedzera kukwanisa kuwana unconventional nzira matambudziko edzidzo vachishandisa mutemo pamusoro Zun.

• II azvipire - rikashandiswa. It kunoratidzwa pamberi vana kukwanisa nokushingaira kushandisa nezivo ari kujairana nezvaiitwa mamiriro ezvinhu.

• I anoyera - pamuviri. Wechikoro, kunzwisisa uye yeuka zvinhu zvitsva, rinoshanda algorithm ake.

Pakadaro, kana nyaya haisi kukwanisa kuratidza kunyange risingamboshandisi pakarongwa features, zviri pakutsvaga chikoro pangozi.

Learning uye waivako

Chokwadi chokuti nhamba vevaanodzidzisa lagging shure pamusoro mavanga kazhinji zvinosanganisira vana vashoma yakakwirira kwevari kudzidza kunoratidza kuti mberi kunoenderana mamwe mamiriro, akadai utano. pfuma iyi iri nzira imwe kana mumwe kudzikamisa low nenhanho negoho pfungwa basa vana. Kureva, kana paine mukuru azvipire kuita mwana, dzinoratidzwa murombo vakaremara kudzidza, kunogona kubudirira. NdiEzekieri. Tikafunga svikiro uye vakaderera kudzidza waivako kunogona kukonzera murombo chokupika mwana.

Pedagogical unhu pfuma iyi iri mabasa D. V. Kolesova. Akaona kuita sezvo mano mumuviri uye mupfungwa kuedza kuva itsva nzira rekudzidza modulate akapoteredza chokwadi. Zvinonzi akayera nenguva, izvo zvakafanira kuti munhu kusvika Qualitative chokupika zvikuru kudzidza basa apo kuramba Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri muviri inoshanda.

MARARAMIRO kudzidza budiriro

Kukura kudzidza yakafanira kwete chete kune mumwe zvechadenga mwana, asi mudzidzisi vzaimodeyatelnostyu uye mudzidzi. Kureva kuti, simba rokurera nenhanho chinoratidza ichi chokuita nemaonero omumwe parutivi schoolboys pakati pedagogical simba pamusoro chikamu mudzidzisi.

Kuratidzwa kudzidza zvinogoneka chete rokudzidzisa muitiro. Naizvozvo, danho rimwe nerimwe kuchinjwa ruzivo zvinofanira zvainanga kuwana coherence pakati rakasiyana-siyana pedagogical zvinofurira, kuona kuwedzera mapazi ose proximal kukura.

Purogiramu sangano iri rokudzidzisa muitiro unogona kunzi akanakisisa apo rinopa soro kuratidzwa kudzidza.

Nzira dzekuziva nadzo kukura kudzidza

Trainability - kwakafanana okuti bhuku uye mwero zvibereko kunyatsoshanda pakati zvedzidzo pezvakaitwa pasi pokudzora pedagogical simba.

Nzira dzekuziva nadzo kushandiswa kwayo vanoverengeka zvinoitwa chepfungwa basa mwana:

1. Kuvapo kana kusavapo zvinodiwa zviri tooltip.

2. nguva yavanopedzera kubasa kuwana musimboti nenhamba yakafanana.

3. Types rinonyengera inobva kuongorora kunobva panowanikwa yavo.

4. nhamba kurovedza zvaida mwana (by A. Ya. Ivanovoy).

Panguva mwoyo kudzidza tiri unyanzvi chokuziva zviri wacho uye ake zvishande basa. Somugumisiro, maitiro hwomwana zvarinoita ufanane chinoratidza pamusoro penyaya uye anosarudza kubudirira kwayo zvatichakurukura edzidzo.

Fast mudzidzi

Mumwe munhu tinoberekwa yezvakaita kukwanisa nezvairehwa ruzivo. Zvisinei, kudzidza Kutsanya anogona chete kutora nzvimbo nzvimbo redzidzo yakanaka iyo zvinounza kubudirira kusakarongeka oboyudonapravlennoy kuchinjirwa mabasa uye kugamuchira mashoko matsva. Kuvapo izvi ezvinhu dzinongoita pakutsvaga chimiro uye zviri mudzidzisi uye kukurukurirana wemwana, achiumba pasocial ukama pakati pavo. kuratidzwa wokupedzisira kungaratidzwa sezvo kunzwisisa kana kushaya njere, tsitsi kana antipathy, chibvumirano kana kusawirirana.

Saka quantitative migumisiro vakaomerwa kutaura pfuma iyi reshiyo kuti kubudirira, i.e. matsva. fomura Izvi zvinoita kuti kutarisira uye kufungidzira tarisiro kukura kudzidza nemudzidzi mumwe nemumwe nomumwe kana vari boka revana rose.

Information michina senzira kudzidza

In ezvinhu ano nzira inonyatsobudirira yokuita kuti runogonesa kudzidza mano vadzidzi, ndiko kushandiswa mashoko michina iri rokudzidzisa kwacho. Vanobvumira kuti kusika-siyana pedagogical ezvinhu, mushonga iyo inosanganisira pakuwedzera mapazi ose proximal kukura, kufambisa, saka, kuti Implementation hombe zvakawanda matambudziko pedagogical.

Kushandiswa ICT inobva kushandiswa ekombiyuta senzira vatevedzere zvakasiyana-siyana mafungiro, kumharuro sezvo dzokubereka zviito uye kukwanisa kutora zvisarudzo zvinenge-musoro kushandiswa. Izvi hazvisi chete anowedzera simba pamusoro muitiro kugona ruzivo itsva uye unyanzvi, asi mudziyo kuti pave chepfungwa mano mune ano mashoko ezvinhu. Asi zvinokosha kuziva kuti kombiyuta chete anoita somunhu nzira inobudirira wedzidzo, kana kushandiswa kwayo anenge kunyatsofunga.

How kutanga kudzidza

A rinokosha kurera pachiyero kudzidza pezvakaitwa kutamba paumbwe mukati tsanangudzo vasanonoka zvokukura kugadzira unyanzvi metacognitive. Vanofanira Classified utariri pfungwa basa (kuronga uye kuzvidzora), matauriro, kugona kunzwisisa uye kushandisa dzakasiyana chiratidzo enyika. Saka vokusekondari kudzidza zvinogona kuitwa pamwe yakadaro sangano iri rokudzidzisa muitiro kana vzaimodeyatelnost mwana uye mudzidzisi uchapiwa zvainanga kuramba kuramba basa zvishande kwendangariro.

Man, ari imwe zera nguva okukura, ndiko Nyaya mabasa edzidzo ari mumwe nomumwe nzendo rokudzidzisa muitiro kuti anosarudza mashoko specificity wokudzidza chido, gadziriro ukama uye vzaimodeyatelnosti. Zviri izvi zvinhu uye kuona zvinhu zviri kudzidza mumwe nomumwe.