Physico-mushonga nzira ongororo

The physico-kuongorora makemikari kushandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzokudzidzisa, nerimwe riri chezvematongerwe muunganidzwa remapazi siyana uye unyanzvi. Uchibatsirwa wavo, chidzidzo rinoitwa Qualitative uye quantitative maitiro zvinhu uye zvinhu. Physical uye mushonga kutsvakurudza nzira inoshandiswa mumarabhoritari zviri muminda siyana muchimiro nzira, ndiko, zvinyorwa kuti nzira dzakaonda uye vakauya kuna algorithm kana mirayiridzo. Uyezve, kuti vawane mhinduro ine kupiwa zvakarurama, vakaisa mamiriro (kusanganisira zvinodiwa kuti tambo michina) iro nzira iri raibva kukanganisa (nechokwadi), ayo enderana uye chero zvinoriumba.

Physical uye kwemakemikari nzira - chinokosha chezvinonhuwira Analytical kemisitiri. Zvinosanganisira makemikari kuchinja kana pokufa bvunzo yokuenzanisira (aliquot), wevasungwa ari kutsvakwa chazvo, kubviswa simba apindire zvinhu uye zvichingodaro. Analytical nzira inogona rakakamurwa chekare uye richishanda. Classical nzira (aizivikanwawo 'nyoro kuongorora ") vanoshandisa Unhu (kunhuwidza, ruvara, kwemvura, gasi kuparadzana kana zvinonyauka) uye quantitative kuongorora (nokuyerwa vakawanda kana bhuku). Vazhinji vavo dzakatangira nguva kubva rechi17 kusvika remakore rechi19 uye richiri kushandiswa zviitiko apo utetsa pachikumbaridzo yakakwana.

Ko neyakarurama physico-kuongorora makemikari nzira yakavakirwa paku zveBhaibheri. Kana ichi kunze achishandisa mano kuti kuyera chaiko zvizhinji zvakadai chiedza Absorção de Água, fluorescence, ano, zvinogona musiyano, zvemagetsi conductivity, mwaranzi zvikuru, uye vamwe. Mune zvimwe zviitiko zvinofungirwa rokutanga mharidzo kugadzirira (mharidzo) nokuda fractional DISTILLATION, kuparadzana kupinda zvinoumba hromatografichekoy mbiru, electrophoresis uye zvichingodaro.

Physico-mushonga nzira ongororo anechekuita kwose kwose. The utano, kwezvakatipoteredza, zvokurapa, mishonga uye zvokudya mumarabhoritari. Supervisory zviremera uye forensic zvidzidzo. The yesayenzi uye maindasitiri zvinangwa. Vari kwakavakirwa mbishi zvinhu yepamusoro wakatarwa, zvenguva mimwe rakapedzwa zvinhu uye nenhumbi vari zvemakemikari, petrochemical uye mafuta yokucheneswa. Kana kuongorora vachishandisa dzenhoroondo Analytical nzira aigona tsvimbo pasi zvinodiwa (2 kusvika 4 matomu kuti ETCS), uye kakawanda kacho aiva yechipiri kana yechipiri inokosha dzidzo yakakwana, richishanda zvidzidzo kubudikidza vanachiremba vane yepamusoro kodzero (matomu 5-6) tine dzidzo yepamusorosoro.

Mumazuva ainakidza ongororo senzira yakayerwa anowanzoshandurwa kuiswa Analytical pachiyero uye ndeiya yakaita Glassware (sepombi uye mumidziyo, pipettes, burettes). Physico-mushonga nzira ongororo dzinosanganisira kushandiswa photocolorimeter, refractometers, spectrophotometers, chromatographs, vakawanda spectrometers, uye zvichingodaro. Vazhinji vavo vakagadzirira pachavo makombiyuta, nokudaro achidzikisa yose uye basa nguva pachisara consumables (chati bepa, etc.), akaderedza basa yevanhu chinhu, saka waanodzikisira mukana wokusvika kururama pakuongororwa.

Physico-kuongorora makemikari nzira inobva kushandisa noungwaru yokutevedzera, pasinei dzavo kudhura, zvigoneke kuderedza mberi mari Analytical kuzvidzora kuti kunoitika nokuda chinokosha zvinoderedza ongororo nguva. Inogona muenzaniso chromatographic nzira. Analysis pamusoro mhando vakwegura inodiwa pashure Kuda kutamba detector anonongedzera pachati kuita zvinotevera kushanda:

• bvisa kubva chiridzwa chati;
• chiratidzo chimwe nechimwe (hunoratidzika yepamusoro chinoratidza netriangle), unoenderana chairo pakuderedza, remubatanidzwa vanozivikanwa mbudo nguva kubva mbiru;
• ngaaverenge mumwe yepamusoro nzvimbo sezvo nzvimbo Triangle (a mutongi kuyera kureba uye yakafara makubhiti pa mid-Kukwirira magnifier);
• ngaaverenge gutsikana zvinoriumba izvozvo;
• ronga bvunzo mugumisiro dzakati kana imwe nhoroondo.

Kana chromatography ano, ari detector chiratidzo iri outputted kamwechete pakombiyuta, pamusoro zvose akavhiyiwa kuti zvinopedzwa, sezvo vari mabasa rwoga, anenge pakarepo. Asi hazvisi kubatsira chete kana uchishandisa ano mumuviri uye makemikari nzira ongororo. Migumisiro nokudaro akawana ndivo vanonzi kutumwa nokukurumidza kwete Database pakati Murabhoritari mashoko Kutarisira gadziriro (LIMS), asi sangano iri Database uye nechepakati muitiro chidhiraivho.