Kievan Rus ': dzidzo uye nhoroondo

Kievan Rus - rakasiyana chakajairika Ages nhoroondo European. Pokugara inoona nezvenjodzi zvenguva pakati dzomunyika East uye West, razova nzvimbo inokosha chenhau netsika vokukurukura uye akaumba kwete chete nokuda ane womukati andinenge, asiwo rinokosha zvaiitwa nawo ndudzi.

Paumbwe dzemadzinza kubatana

State Education Kievan Rus uye kwakatangira paumbwe ano necheSalvic vanhu midzi nguva apo guru mativi Eastern uye South-Eastern Europe rinotanga Great Kutama of Slavs urwo rwakatora kusvikira pakupera VII remakore. Single pamberi necheSalvic munharaunda zvishoma nezvishoma unoora kumabvazuva, yokumadokero, kumaodzanyemba uye kuchamhembe necheSalvic kwemadzinza mibatanidzwa. In pakati I Th. Munharaunda Ukraine ano chakavapo Antsky uye Sklavinsky Union yemadzinza necheSalvic. Pashure nokupwanya mu V remakore BC vorudzi Huns uye yokupedzisira Kutsakatika of Western hweRoma Masvosve Union akatanga kutamba basa rinokosha kuEastern Europe. Nechisimba vemadzinza Avar haana kupa mubatanidzwa uyu kuumbwa hurumende, asi chirongwa paumbwe statehood haina amira. madzinza necheSalvic nyuchi munyika itsva uye vanobatana kuti pave nokubatana itsva madzinza.

Pakutanga, pane pfupi, chekanguva pamwe madzinza - nokuti rutsigiro rwemauto kana kudzivirira venga vavakidzani uye muArabhu. Zvishoma nezvishoma chero kuwadzana tsika zvakafanana uye upenyu yakavakidzana marudzi. Pakupedzisira, ushamwari aumba miganhu protogosudarstvennyh mhando - nyika uye ukuru vakazochinja kunge zvakaita kuti muitiro akadai paumbwe hurumende Kiev Russ.

Muchidimbu, murwiyo marudzi necheSalvic

Zvikoro Most ano nhoroondo rinobatanidza kutanga kuziva wokuRussia, Ukrainian uye Belarusian vanhu kuparara kukuru necheSalvic ethnically cohesive munzanga uye chidzoke rutsva munzanga inotungamirwa - dzemadzinza mubatanidzwa. The zvishoma nezvishoma convergence amarudzi necheSalvic chamuita kuti mamiriro Kievan Rus. dzidzo State akanga nokukurumidza pakupera ari VIII remakore. On munharaunda masimba ramangwana kubatana nomwe enyika dzakaumbwa: dulibov, Drevlyane, vokuCroatia, glades, Ulichi, Tivertsy, siveryan. Mumwe wokutanga akauya Dulibsky Union, kubatanidza marudzi kuti vazadze nyika reruwa. Gorin kuMabvazuva kusvikira kuMadokero. Tsikidzi. Chinonyanya yakanaka nenzvimbo nzvimbo yakanga glades rudzi kuti yapamba nzvimbo pakati Dnieper River. Black Grouse kuchamhembe kusvikira kurwizi. Irpen uye ros kurutivi rwezasi. Paumbwe yekare mamiriro Kievan Rus kwakaitika pamusoro nyika yemadzinza izvi.

The kwaita pedzidziso dzekutanga hurumende

The mamiriro ezvinhu inotungamirwa dzemadzinza kubatana vakakura zvechiuto uye enyika yavo kukosha. Vakawanda zvakashandisa panguva rutsigiro rwemauto okuwana kutorwa vatungamiriri kwemadzinza uye magandanga - vakapakata masoja kwounyanzvi vaibatira vatungamiri kuti muripo. Vakaita basa rinokosha kereke vakasununguka, varwi kana chevarwere yechikoro (Chamber), izvo anogadziriswa unokosha wehurumende uye vehurumende nyaya. Ko kwoita marongera somutungamiriri yemadzinza mumaoko kuti kukoshesa simba. The Zvinoumba rukoko urwu yaiva pakati boyars - mazano uye muchinda anofungidzirwa, navakuru, ivo avo retainers.

Kusurukirwa Polyansky Union

Zvikurukuru zvikuru voruzhinji kwacho zviri kuitika pasi Polanski dzemadzinza zvemisoro. Yakakura kukosha Kiev - rayo guru. Simba guru iri hugota vaiva zvizvarwa Polyansky Prince Kyi.

Pakati VIII uye IX CC. mu hugota zvakakura chaihwo enyika preconditions kuti chidzoke pamusoro wayo hwaro yokutanga necheSalvic mamiriro, izvo akazopiwa zita Kievan Rus.

Education kwezita "Rus"

Mubvunzo "kupi vakaoneka munyika Russian", wakapiwa kubudikidza sahwira Nestor, havana kuwana mhinduro yakajeka kwazvo zuva rino. Nhasi, dzakawanda dzesayenzi dzidziso nezvemavambo kwezita "Rus" chinoremedza dzekare, "Kievan Rus". Paumbwe chomutsara uyu midzi yakadzika kare. Broadly kutaura, mazwi aya anoshandiswa mune tsanangudzo ose Eastern necheSalvic mundima yakamanikana - kufungisisa chete Kiev, Chernigov uye Pereiaslav nyika. Pakati madzinza necheSalvic, mazita aya dzinowanda uye mimwe midzi panzvimbo mazita siyana. Somuenzaniso, mazita nzizi - matai. Ros, et unto. The chete vainzi necheSalvic avo ndudzi akatora ropafadzo nechinzvimbo pamusoro svikiro munyika Naddniprianshchyna. Maererano masayendisiti, zita rimwe pamarudzi, yaiva chikamu Union Polanski aiva nedova kana Russes, uye gare gare chete muromo evanhu pamwe Polyansky vakatanga kudana pachavo Russ. Muzana IX remakore kwakaguma nokuumbwa yekare Russian mamiriro. Kievan Rus 'akavapo.

Mundima Eastern Slavs

Nepariri, zvose mhuri vakanga vachigara mumasango kana dondo. Izvi dzakadaro dzakanga akanakira kukura upfumi uye vakachengeteka upenyu. Maiva nepakati latitudes, masango uye dondo vakatanga paumbwe mamiriro Kievan Rus.

The vakawanda urongwa kumaodzanyemba boka remadzinza necheSalvic yekudyidzana kukanganisa hunhu ukama hwavo nevanhu pedyo uye nyika. Muganhu yakagara Rus yekare yaiva pamuganhu pakati East uye West. nyika idzi dziri pamharadzano dzenzira migwagwa yekare uye dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana. Asi munyama chose, nzvimbo idzi azaruka uye kudzivirirwa dzinongoitika zvipingamupinyi, izvo zvinoita kuti vagone incursions uye vachirwisa.

Relations nevavakidzani

Over VII- VIII emakore. mukuru kutyisidzira vomunzvimbo vaiva mutorwa vanhu East uye South. Zvikuru kukosha munda dzidzo aiva Khazar Khanate - rakasimba mamiriro, iri steppes of Northern Sea Black uye kuCrimea. Chokuita Slavs Khazars takatora hwehasha pezvaaitsigira. Chokutanga, havana vakaisa mutero uye Vyatichi siveryan, uye gare gare - uye munda. Hondo pamwe Khazars vakabatsira kuti kubatana namarudzi Polanski dzedzinza mubatanidzwa, izvo vaitengeserana uye akarwa Khazars. Zvimwe nokuda Khazars kusvikira Slavs akayambuka rokuremekedza ishe - Hagan.

zvaikosha kuti hukama pakati necheSalvic marudzi pamwe Byzantium. Ataurazve machinda necheSalvic vakarwa uye mhindu nawo simba umambo, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange akapinda kwaari nokubatana zvechiuto. In kumadokero East necheSalvic marudzi vakaramba ukama Slovaks, Poles uye Czechs.

Paumbwe mamiriro Kievan Rus

Political budiriro Polyansky ushe kwakaita kuti chidzoke pakutanga kwezana VIII-IX emakore, voruzhinji, iyo gare gare akanzi zita "Rus". Sezvo guta guru masimba itsva vakava Kiev, dzakaitika XIX-XX Art. Vakatanga kushevedzera kwaari "Kievan Rus". dzidzo munyika akatanga kuMiddle Dnieper, kwavaigara drevlyans, siveryane uye kupishinura.

Mubati Russia aiva musoro Kagan (Haka), yakaenzana Russian Grand Duke. Zviri pachena kuti vakadaro zita aigona chete vanopfeka ishe, uyo kubudikidza munzanga pamusoro Prince dzemadzinza mubatanidzwa. On kusimbisa hurumende itsva akaratidza ayo mabasa vanoshingaira muchiuto. Pakapera VIII muna. Russ akatungamirira Polyansky Prince Bravlin akakunda Crimean mhenderekedzo akakunda writhing Surozh uye Korsun. Muna 838 ari Rus akasvika Byzantium. Saka wakabudiswa nedzenyu ukama okumabvazuva umambo. Education East necheSalvic ezvinhu Kievan Rus 'chaiva chiitiko chikuru. Akanga kuzivikanwa somumwe marudzi simba nguva.

machinda rokutanga Kievan Rus

Ushe Russia nevamiririri Kievich youmambo, izvo zvinosanganisira hama Askold uye DIR. Maererano nedzimwe venhoroondo, vakanga co-vatongi, zvichida pakutanga akatonga Deer, uye ipapo - Askold. Mumazuva iwayo, pamusoro Dnieper pane squads ose Normans - yeSweden, vokuDenmark, vomuNorway. Vakanga kushandiswa kudzivirira dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana uye sechipiriso mari panguva vachirwisa. Muna 860 Askold, vakananga neuto 6-8 zviuru. Man, akatakurwa ari Kostantinopol mugungwa chirongwa. Kuva muByzantium, Askold aiziva chitendero chitsva - chiKristu, akabhabhatidzwa, uye vakaedza kuunza chitendero chitsva, izvo zvinogona kutora Kievan Rus. Education, nhoroondo idzva nyika vakatanga kunzwa kukanganiswa vazivi Byzantine nevafungi. YeRussian Empire munyika vakakokwa vapristi ezvivako. Asi matanho aya Askold haana kuuya kubudirira zvikuru - pakati kwamachinda uye vanhuwo zvavo zvakanga zvichiri chakasimba chouhedheni. Naizvozvo, chiKristu akauya gare gare muna Kievan Rus.

Paumbwe itsva ehurumende chidzore kutanga kwenguva itsva iri munhoroondo Eastern Slavs - nenguva dzakazara ruzhinji-enyika upenyu.