Education of Mongolian simba: zvinokonzera, mararamiro uye mugumisiro

Education of Mongolian simba Historians vanotaura 1206. pfuma yayo huru: China, vose Central Asia, kuCaucasus, Russia, kuMiddle East, Hungary. Final disintegration anogona kunzi sezvo 1480, apo marudzi varasikirwa mweya kurwa, vakaparadzirwa, uye chete akatanga riitwe mombe ruminant mururimi steppes.

unhu Temujin

Education of Mongolian simba rose vanosungirwa Temujin (Temujin), sezvo akanzi achiri muduku. baba vake, ane mhando Esigey Bordzhigin, kubiwa pachavo mudzimai akanaka Markit rudzi wakati kare akaroora. mwanakomana wake akaberekwa Temujin ari pakati XII remakore muruwa, uyo akadzungaira pamahombekombe erwizi Aumont. Apo vazhinji Esigeya chepfu Tatars, kuti Temujin nemhuri yake vakadzingwa mudzimba dzavo. Tatars Temujin vakava vavengi pachedu. Temujin akatora musungwa taychiuty kukura mukomana aigona haangaruramisiri baba vake uye vawanezve nyika yavo. Temujin kutiza uye akawana hanzvadzi yababa vake, iye akamupa pokugara, akaroora baba vake aida mwenga Borte uye vakatanga kusimbisa mauto avo, kuzopindazve dunhu pedyo. Haana kuuraya vasungwa uye akaakunda mubasa rake.

Rise of Temujin

The chikuru upfumi muArabhu vaiva mombe uye mafuro. Mukuedza vane mombe dzakawanda, ivo nyanzvi mafuro matsva zvakawanda - old aneta. The Tsika ndima muArabhu yakava duku mombe uye makwai. Kuti chikamupenyera dzemadzinza nokurwisana. aiva "anongofamba feudalism" yokutsiva dzokumaruwa hurongwa. Izvi zvikuru kune simba uye unyanzvi mutungamiri nemauto Temujin. Mukuwedzera, Chinese kuitira kuchengeta rugare kumba, kudyara ruvengo pakati pamarudzi anongofamba. Temujin aiva zhinji kurwa vasati yakakunda madzinza Tatars taychiutov, Markit, Oirats. By 1206 pasi simba rake rakanga Mongolia zvose. On kurtulae (Congress of Mongolian khans) Temujin vakagamuchira zita "Kagan" uye akatora zita Genghis rinoreva "makungwa" kana, mune imwe shanduro, "vasanangurwa kudenga." Zvikonzero paumbwe Mongolian simba:

• Manyowa pakati dzokumaruwa hurongwa.
• Kushaya mafuro hombe kwemadzinza idzodzo.
• Achinyengera mutemo kuisa madzinza imwe Jurchen (kuchamhembe-okumabvazuva Chinese), uyo vatongi vari pasi vaiva eMongolia.

Mitemo mutsva Khan Great

MuArabhu uye Genghis Khan shuffled kubva kumarudzi akasiyana uye dzavo akanga zvachose yakarongwa hondo. Discipline uye rubatsiro nokuwirirana mairi zvaiva simbi. Kana kuhondo akamhanya mumwe, iye aurayiwe gumi nevaviri, umo iye akashanda. Pakati dzakawanda vari mazana nemazana - ezviuru zvamazana - (. Zviuru 10 vanhu) tumens. Nokuti kunze komutemo kutapurirana kubva kune dzimwe dhazeni vakaurayiwa. zvino chete pachavo kugona uye kuzvitsaurira ari Khan kunobatsira mberi nemabasa avo pachavo. hondo yake yokutanga huru akanga, kamwe Merkit vavengi akakunda wake.

The kundorwa Empire pamusoro ainzi Qin

Paakaenda kugadzirira hondo pamwe China, iyo yakaramba dzidzo Mongolian wehurumende. Zvinokonzera, Chokwadi, kunoguma pamwe kugadziriswa. Mongolia akanga pamutemo yave nyika inotongwa yorudzi Jurchen, aigara Primorsky Territory, South Korea, North-East uye Central China. Muna 1209 iri eMongolia vakashandisa kukombwa zvombo uye guta Urahay, ndokuisa akakomba guta guru roumambo Xi Xia. The mutongi vakakumbira rugare uye akawana kure mwanasikana wake Genghis Khan. Saka kuwana mauto ruzivo, uye kuwedzera Mongolia. By muvakidzani uyu ngozi nokuzvidira akabatana Uighurs, aigara ari munharaunda Xinjiang. Muna 1210, muenzaniso uyu zvakateverwa zvakawanda Khan maviri. nyika yakawedzera uye Mongol hondo. Khan vakagadzirira kukunda mamiriro ainzi Qin vakagara. Muna 1213, mauto ari eMongolia vavamba umambo. A hondo huru rikakamurwa 3 mativi uye akakunda mabvazuva, kumaodzanyemba uye kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva. Beijing Akatenga kure. Asi gare gare gore muna 1214 Genghis Khan akadzoka, akatora Beijing uye vakaripisa. City akapisa mwedzi wose. Yose zvayo, yakaparadzwa maguta 90 Chinese. In China, kuti Mongol Empire rakavakwa muzukuru Genghis Khan (Yuan dzinza). Waivapo kuti anenge makore zana. Saka akaenda paumbwe Mongol hwacho. Zvinokonzera, Chokwadi, migumisiro - iri pakudzokorora uku.

Kukunda Central Asia uye Transcaucasia

Muna 1218 iri Mongol mauto akakunda Nzizi Seven uye East Turkestan - nyika Naamani, uye pamberi pavo akazarura nzira Khorezm, Bukhara, Samarkand uye Urgench. Guta rakundwa uye rakaparadzwa. EMongolia vaizviti nheyo "yakatsva pasi". Kana mukuru mwanakomana Genghis Khan akatanga rikanganise, nekuti yakanga ulus ake, uye aida kuramba naye pachavo mupfumi, akabva papera mwedzi akaurayiwa museve muchetura. Muna 1220 yakakundwa kuchamhembe Iran, kuCaucasus uye Crimea.

Hike kuRussia

Muna 1223 machinda Russian akauya Mongol vamiriri. Vakaurayiwa. The eMongolia haana kuregerera mafungiro akadaro rekupinda, uye pashure pokukundwa mauto akabatana machinda Russian panguva hondo iri murwizi Kalka aiva mabiko. Vakaisa muchikepe vasungwa vachiri vapenyu uye vakagara pamusoro pazvo, wakati akaronga mhemberero kuchema vanhu kufa zvinorwadza. Chii unoshamisa ndechokuti eMongolia vaiva zviuru chete 20, apo uwandu Russian uye Polovtsian mauto maererano nokufungidzira siyana kubvira 40 kusvika 100 zviuru. Zvichakadaro, hondo Genghis Khan akasvika Indus. Saka anoenda paumbwe Mongol hwacho. Muchidimbu, unogona kuwedzera kuti muna 1241, apo Russia yakakundwa kupiswa, asi eMongolia kusvika Danube kuHungary uye Poland. Luckily kwavari, vakadzokera kumabvazuva uye makore 240 midzi Russia.

hondo veHurumende uye pakaparara umambo

Education Genghis Khan Mongolian simba kwakaitika kupfuura noutsinye hondo dzokukunda. Mercy haana munhu. In Russia yakanga kutya uye kutya pashure pakasvika mauto ose Batu. Mongol khans zvishoma nezvishoma akawana guta guru vava zvishoma nesimba. Kuwedzera pakati kukakavara. Zvichakadai, Russia akasimbisa, uye pamusoro joko amire ari Ugra rwizi.

migumisiro

The Russian autocracy akasimbisa, akasimbisa Chechi yeOrthodox. It akasiya Kazan Khanate, iyo yakakunda Ivan Grozny, muchisunungura vanenge 60 zviuru. Varanda Russian. In Kazan Tatars akararama norugare, achiva vechiMuslim weMamwe Marudzi. Akaramba chaenga pakati Mongol Empire muCrimea. Serene wake nokukwirira Prince Potemkin akakundwa. Yakapfuurira kurarama muguta Kasimov, Ryazan dunhu, izvo kare dzagadziriswa Tatars. Muzana XV remakore, apo Zolotaya Orda vakarambana, ipapo akazviratidza kuSiberia Khanate panzvimbo dzapasi kunosvika of Ob River. Chete Mauto Ermak uye haizopereri kukura kweSiberia iri XVI remakore vakabvumira Russia kuvaka pamusoro nemiganhu yayo, nhare itsva.