Kulikovo Field apo? Museum "Kulikovo Field"

Russian mwoyo ose dzinodhura Kulikovo Field, panzvimbo paiva chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha hondo kuti rusununguko yokumusha kwedu. Ikavhuniwa ngano yacho invincibility of Mongol vazhinji, refu nhapwa zhinji dzavanhu vaigara Eurasia.

Maererano nenjodzi muUkraine rava kuzivikanwa zvose, Odessa kuti Kulikovo Field. Chii ukama pakati-refu nguva hondo uye rufu vanhu vasina mhosva nokuda nemaoko vezvourudzi? Zviripachena, pamberi hasha zvoutsinye yaishora hwakaderera pakutanga kuaona chokwadi simba.

The kunamata magamba muna Petrine yaitonga

Mune Russian tsika kuumba chiyeuchidzo uto wakaradzikwa rokutanga pamambo Peter Mukuru. Building nekiyi haana kudzivisa mambo kushanyira nzvimbo yehondo inozivikanwa, izvo kwakava kutanga kubatana munyika Russian. Emakore uswa pomuouki dondo, vakatema miti iyo inonyanya murayiro airambidzwa, uye akava wokutanga Russian hunhu chengetedza. Izvi Monument mhenyu akava yainamatirwa apo Patriot ose anogona kukotamira Feat yemadzitateguru. Kusvikira iyoyo, chete zvinhu zvokunyama, nowenyika kubwinya kwayo kwokutanga, zvisaririra vakanga wacho kubva kunyika kuvarimi. Vagari akavamba musha (Green yemiouki Tatinskie kumazambuko, Red Hill uye Don) panguva kurima kazhinji kuuya mhiri zvimedu mapakatwa, nhoo, arrowheads uye pamuchinjikwa magamba avo akatora rokupedzisira muhondo. Uye kwakanga nyaya, ngano uye chevarwere ndangariro, vakapfuura pasi kubva kumarudzi namarudzi.

Pashure peHondo Yenyika II

The kuwedzera munyika kuziva, kuitika mushure Napoleonic nechisimba, akamutsa vanhu ndangariro kare kukunda. Ndaisagona kugara kure uye inokudzwa guta gunsmiths - Tula. Kulikovo munda waiva zvinoshumirwa. Nokuedza amachinda zviremera, achibatsirwa vafundisi, vatengesi uye kutsigirwa nevakawanda pano isu akatanga kuvaka zvivako wokutanga, mumwe Feat immortalized kukupfura Dmitry Donskoy. Pakutanga zvakanga agamuchirwa pamwero mukuru kuvaka, kuva hunyambiri chinangwa: kubhadhara mutero magamba rokupedzisira hondo basa kuitisa Tours uye nyaya yacho zvekare uye mabasa, uye kuti kuchengeta kuyeuka vechikamu hondo, yaiva yakawanda mana pane zana. Kuti zvakazara kushandisa urongwa haana kubudirira pamusana pokushayiwa mari.

Temberi uye zvivako wekupedzisira remakore

Chete muna 1850, ari Kulikovo munda, kana pane, Red Hill, yakashongedzwa shongwe pedyo A. P. Bryullova - obelisk chakavakwa rokukudza Dmitry Donskoy. Chimwe chirangaridzo chaikosha Dzokuberekwa Musikana, ndiye akasika AG Bocharnikova makore anoda kusvika makumi maviri, uye yakapedzwa muna 1884. Asi chikuru zvivako Orthodox, chechi Sergiya Radonezhskogo, akapedza Ensemble muna 1917. Zvadaro, kwemakumi akawanda emakore, nzvimbo iyi tsvene yakanga mukusanzwisisa yokukanganwa. The Bolshevik hurumende itsva haana kusvika magamba zvekare eras, vane zvakakwana avo ...

The yesayenzi kusvika

Chii yakakurumbira Kulikovo munda? Tula nharaunda, mukati ane ndima yacho risingakanganwiki chiitiko ari sixties wekupedzisira remakore rakava nzvimbo zvakawanikwa pakuchera matongo zvidzidzo, izvo pamwe hunotovapo zvinhu kubvumirwa kupa tsanangudzo nzira kurwa, ayo maitikiro uchapupu anotsanangura, uye kuziva nzvimbo hondo dzakawanda zvikuru. Zvino masayendisiti rurefu mwero mukana chikazozikamwa, basa reDare munhoroondo yacho Kulikovo Field. Museum (Tula Regional Studies) kuronga kuratidzira panguva iyoyo akavhura kushandiswa bazi basa iro rave basa dzakananga: kuziva uye kupembedza ungangotarisa pfungwa yacho pakutanga September 1380 zviitiko. Zvakanga zvisiri nyore, asi vanyori venhau dzakaitika kubvunza.

nzvimbo kurwa

The vaiongorora zvakaita nzvimbo Kulikovo Field, kwemazana emakore yachinja apo yekudyidzana. Kuti kudzorera mamiriro ezvinhu 1830, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti kusikazve pamusoro mepu uye yokutevedzera. All remakore rapfuura akaita kwemiti, ivhu iri kuparara, rusununguko rakaparadza. Nepryadva uye Don akava duku, iyewo kudziviswa pedutu. Asi, fungidzira mufananidzo sezvinobvira, uyewo kudzorera tactical urongwa Dmitriya Donskogo.

A kanzuru hondo uye hondo ronga

Zvinozivikanwa kuti Kulikovo Field iri makiromita mashanu kubva chipo musha Monastyrshchino. Kubva uto nemaonero, nzvimbo akasarudzwa. Yandakapiwa kufarira nzira iri Mongol-wechiTatar mapoka aiva workaround, Russian Prince akadzinga kubva zvichibvira muvengi zvombo, kudzivirira vose pachiuno mvura zvipingamupinyi - tara nzizi uye Lower Dubik. Zvisinei, chikuru Wandinyengedzerei raiva vakavandira hondo, ukryvshemsya muna Green Dubrava. It yakaumbwa kubva varwi vakasarudzwa.

Kulikovo munda wakakura, ane nzvimbo yaiungana makiromita anopfuura matatu, asi mukuru kuvadza muvengi chakaitwa musi chikamu chiduku nayo - makubhiti mazana matatu namazana mashanu.

Asi kunyange isati yakwana tactical plan, Kwaiva neuto kanzuru, iyo wakapindwa magavhuna uye machinda. Vamwe vavo, kutotarisira zvinetso chokuita kumanikidza Don, aida kutora kudzivirira pamahombekombe kuruboshwe, pasina dambudziko mvura njodzi. On ichi Prince Dmitry akapa mhinduro kuti vaizoita kuridza munhu ano kwadzakabva izvi: "Zviri nani kuenda pamusoro umwari nemauto pane kuuya, kuita chinhu. Nhasi, ngatiendei nokuda Don, uye regai musoro ipapo hama dzedu! ".

Hondo kashoma kumorwa nokuda urongwa, asi nguva ino, vanenge vose vakakundikana. Where ikozvino anomira musha Tatinkom, mabhiriji dzakavakwa, uye navatasvi vamabhiza vakawana kumazambuko. Zvino usiku September 8, akakwanisa kuchengeta vanzurudzo.

Pamberi kuhondo, Prince Dmitry haana kurara, akakurudzira masoja kurwisa noushingi uye haana tsitsi pachake. Misty mangwanani aiva revarwi nekutumirwa kwemauto munzvimbo echelons matatu. In akura inifanduri hondo iyoyo akavaka hondo huru (huru chaioneka simba), ivo Dmitry akarayira pachavo. Paivawo urongwa hwakagadzirirwa kutsigira gwara umo paizova nemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Camouflaged rwegirini pomuouki kuchengeterwa hondo pasi nokurayira gavhuna Bobrok uye Vladimira Serpuhovskogo akatarisana rinokosha. Kubva zviito zvavo zvaitsamira upenyu yose kukupfura uye Dmitry.

The muvengi uye mauto ake

Mamay akatamira zvishoma nezvishoma, chivimbo musimba wehondo yake. Zvakanga zhinji uye kusapfuudza masimba anogona kumisidzana rusichi. Aivawo maererano Tartars chingashamwaridzana squads Olega Ryazanskogo uye Grand Duke pamusoro Lithuania Jogaila. An awa pamberi masikati ari Vanguard, raiumbwa Genoese varwi vakaenda Kulikovo munda uye akatora kumberi nzvimbo pamberi wehondo Russian. Vakatarisa anofambisa kuna Red Hill Amai, regai kufanoona chero matambudziko uye zvinoshamisa. Setsika, mune zvematongerwo enyika mapazi pakati vanhu yakanga yakanakisisa rechiuto unyanzvi magamba. Tatars akaisa Chelubey pamusoro Russian mumongi Peresvet. The Mauto vaiva vakaenzana, hapana aida kupa mukati, akauraya vaviri murwi. Uye ipapo akatanga ...

A Sound yehondo

Makakatanwa hondo kwenguva refu nguva kare kumutonga maererano nerondedzero yacho mu "Transdoniad" - gwaro rakanyorwa isingazivikanwi munyori, zvichida, pakarepo pashure hondo, kana gare gare. Frontal kudhumhana mauto maviri nokuitika vakawanda yakawiriranwa vakaurayiwa. Advanced hondo akarwadziwa uye tyava sezvinoita uswa, ipapo waiva kwezana Big chemazana chehondo, kuti ndiyo huru mauto eRussia. Relegating huru inoenda nokurwiswa parutivi kuruboshwe, Tatars akamukurudzira kuti Nepryadva kutyisidzira nhau. Mamai ainzwa kuti kukunda kwake pedyo, asi zvino, maererano tactical urongwa, yakarova vakavandira hondo, zvichikonzera nokutya uye kutiza muvengi. Russian Tatars wakateverera, nokupwanya navo tsitsi. Paakaziva rokuurawa, vakatiza uye aitarisira Mamai nevatsigiri, haana kubatana hondo.

Rawa magamba vakaviga mazuva masere. Moscow nesimba, kwanisa vakundi musi 1 October. Dmitry Prince akagamuchira "Don" title.

On Strategic nyaya

Nyanzvi mazano ari mukuru wakafanira kuremekedzwa, asi chete strategist kuti shasha zvakafanira zita akachenjera. Just achitarisa pamepu Russia, zvinokwanisika kunzwisisa zvazvaireva kwedu munhoroondo Kulikovo munda. Tula nharaunda mukati ayo nemiganhu aripo ari munzira kubva Volga kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva kunyika. Vonyanya munzvimbo Kolomna makurusa munhoroondo Russia vemauto ehondo, Prince Dmitry akasarudza kudzorera Amai, vachitarisira kuranga recalcitrant Moscow nokuramba kubhadhara mutero uye kumisa ayo kudzingana kuwana zvizere uchangamire.

Horde uchigadzirira "kwidza guru" kubva zvabuda chouviri remangwana dzinodya dzimwe dzinosiya ehondo, asi Tatars zvakagadziriswa kwazvo. Hapana mubvunzo kuti kana vakakwanisa kuwana zvirinani Kulikovo, kuti kuri rwendo vangadai vakapfuura wildest zvekungofungira utsinye. Mupfungwa iyi, mukukunda Dmitry Donskoy aipfeka inokosha hunhu, rotanga Russian munhoroondo maonero.

Mumakumi emakore achangopfuura,

Muna 1980, apo kupemberera gore guru rokurwa matanhatu emakore, rakachengetedzwa rakadzorerwa chechi Sergiya Radonezhskogo. To musi uyu nenguva uye kuratidzwa, rakaitirwa mumusha Monastyrshchino. Vashandi vakawanda foresitiri akaita kuti recreate enhoroondo chitarisiko kwenzvimbo. Awana rusununguko kubudikidza Russia muna kuumbwa mutemo "On Mazuva Military Kukudzwa" (1995) akasarudza kumisa kare kuchengeterwa "Kulikovo Field". Museum achishandira nezvesayenzi, zviri yakazaruka veruzhinji. The chirangaridzo kunzwisisa rinosanganisira muchinjikwa chiyeudzo Green Dubrava, Dzokuberekwa Mhandara Yakakomborerwa, shongwe Dmitriyu Donskomu mukoto uye Remembrance uye Kubatana.

Odessa Kulikovo Field

Kana vakabuda motokari panguva Odessa kuchiteshi, bvunza munharaunda mugari pamusoro nzvimbo iri Kulikovo munda, unogona kuva nechokwadi chokuti haazoregi kuti Tula, uye kunoratidza munwe pamusoro fenzi. Zvechokwadi, pasinei nokuti anenge ose makore Soviet Union, nzvimbo vaitakura zita chimurenga (pakutanga nyore, Saka, chii haana kufunga, October), zvose akaitumidza yekare zvechinyakare nzira, kufanana namambo.

Noumwe nguva, makore mazana maviri adarika, ravarwi nzvimbo yaiva mudhorobha. Paiva Muganhu Porto Franco (nhasi zvingava kunzi mapazi chokuzvisarudzira wezvokutengeserana), kwakaratidzwa imwe nomugero, uye vakawanda yaiva nzvimbo yakanga isingagarwi, yaishandiswa nokuda kumberi-mutsetse masoja Odessa muviri chemazana chehondo, akapfeka yunifomu rikasviba tsvuku epaulettes. Inzvimbo ainakidzwa tariro mukurumbira, ipapo akaurayiwa uye akavigwa ehurumende matsotsi. Pedyo paiva tirongo. Asi pakazopera remakore, kutya izvi zvose aenda, zviri chaizvo kukurumidza kusimukira, uye pamwe pacho - Odessa. Kulikovo munda waiva nzvimbo manheru promenades uye kunyange chivaraidzo.

Panguva Civil War uye kupindira pano zvakare akatanga anoviga, uye zvose pamusara mumwe. The vanobatwa mumadhorobha kurwisa, Haidamaks, anongoitika akafa, vamwe varwi ane muviri yokumwe vakavigwa Kulikovo munda uye akanga kukanganwika. Akarangarira muna 1967 chete magamba pokuchinja, uye akaita neshungu squat Monument pedyo Terminus kuti chitima 17 ndipo uye 18 fung pakutengeserana. The guta kuwedzerwa kure kwazvo kuti zvekufungidzira mutsetse, apo Kulikovo munda kwaireva muganhu wayo.

Gare gare musi zvakanga avaka Regional Party Committee, ipapo akava House of Trade Unions.

Odessa Misangano mikuru

Kuva nhengo yakazvimirira Ukraine, Odessa guta anoramba nevamwe uye vakawanda Chirungu kutaura. Hatigoni kutaura kuti vomuguta vachibvumirana vakatsigira "the maidan", uyewo pfungwa zvimwe. Tsitsi yakakamurwa mupfumvudza mumigwagwa dzaiwanzova misangano, dzinongoitika uye kwete, mukufamba ayo paiva skirmishes, kunyanya cheshoko.

The ndechokuti vanogara rwezasi guta (uye kwete kwavari chete) havana kukumbira kana kufanana kana kwete zvakaitika Kiev. mumwe kunyorova yokutanga kufema wakasununguka mhepo ine democratic musimboti akanga akambokanganiswa, izvo zvagara vakakurumbira Odessa. Kulikovo munda waiva nzvimbo vanhu musaonesesa nevatambi kuti "vokudenga zana" ndichirairira murugare. Zvapupu zvinogona kusimbisa kuti hapana vanotyaira chiito vagari (kunyanya vakwegura) haana kupara. Vakamira, chinyararire kutaura, kuteerera mumhanzi, kuona hombe yeplasma TV, iyo kutepfenyurwa pamusoro Russian nhau. Nokuti ichi, vakawanda vavo vakaurayiwa. Uye kupiswa.

Dambudziko May 2

The yepamutemo shanduro ndechokuti pashure mutambo, "Chernomorets" kubva "Metalist" vatsigiri nyika vakasarudza kuchengeta kufora umo isingazivikanwi "vaishandira GRU" (mupfungwa kuti haisi kuzivikanwa kuti vaiva vamiririri GRU) akavhura moto pamwe handguns. Kwakatova nedambudziko Zvisinei, akanga asingakwanisi kuwana kwavari, kufukidza-up mbatya avete paguva rakarongwa mitumbi ndichirairira vezvourudzi vakanga vasingabvumirwi chero mapurisa kana vanachiremba. Ipapo vose akanyangarika nzvimbo kuti anoratidza kuti vawirwa havana akafa kudaro. Zvadaro kusingadzoreki (zvinoita) vazhinji, nokupwanya tende pamusoro nzvimbo yechiGiriki, vakatamira nenzira nzvimbo yavakanga dzichiitika "masimba zvakaipa" kureva, vose Odessa "antimaydan". Kulikovo Field mumaminitsi akazara nehasha majaya vakabata peturu, mapurasitiki hombodo uye pfuti. Akadzinga vairatidzira kuna House of Trade Unions, vakaita pfungwa huru kwehurongwa - nokuponda. Zvakare, maererano pamutemo shanduro, hutsvi zvinenge pachako ...