Chii Emperor? Zvinoreva mambo uye ake kutsunga

Munyaya ino isu funga zvinorehwa neshoko "mambo" uye ayo tsanangudzo, nekuti isu kazhinji kushandisa ichi izwi. Uye chii anoita shoko iri rinorevei, nevakawanda shoma. Madzimambo vakasiyana madzimambo? Ndezvipi dzavo matsamba? Edza kunzwisisa.

mambo wokutanga kuRoma

Kokutanga ndiro shoko "mambo" akaziviswa muRoma. Saka vakatumidza mukuru mukuru weuto reRoma. About uyo mambo uyu aiziva zvose kubva vatsva kuti vatungamiriri makuru hondo dzakabatana. Uyu murume aiva inopiwa kodzero yokusarudza chii chichava zviito vehondo huru. The chaizvo yeshoko rokuti rinobva muchiLatin Emperor "imperium", iro rinoreva "simba guru."

The yokutanga Emperor

Wokutanga kuziva chii Kesari, akava omurume wechiRoma Scipio Africanus. Panguva iyo Second Punic War, zvakava itsika kupa zita ichi mushure yokutanga kukunda kukuru pamusoro muvengi. Pakutanga, chete neDare aigona zvechokwadi womuratidza ndiani mambo uye kugadza mutakuri rokuremekedza ichi. Asi gare gare kunyange varwi vanhuwo aigona kuzivisa zita rake mukuru kudaro zvikuru. Mukuwedzera, musoro "Emperor" vemauto Roman yaigona paakavapa kakawanda. Ipapo shoko fomu yaishandiswa Imperator II.

Scipio Africanus muchizvikudza kumbopfeka ichi honorary zita nokuti kukudzwa panguva yebasa rinoitirwa zviitiko uye Seneti kutaura. Uyezve, sezvo mukundi muCarthage, Scipio upenyu aigona kunyora kuti zita padivi zita renyu.

Madzimambo Caesar uye Octavian

Vamwe nguva tsika mazita madzimambo vemauto vakasara. Pashure dzakatevedzana okukunda kuti zita panguva imwe chete aigona kupa vemauto shoma. Zvishoma nezvishoma, pfungwa zvazvinoreva Kesari, zvachinja. Zvino, izwi iri raishandiswa kureva "akapiwa simba guru," kusanganisira zvechiuto.

Yuliy Tsezar aiva kuramba mutakuri rokuti Imperator, uye nguva dzose vakanyora shure zita rake, pamwe chete nemamwe pamutemo okuremekedza. Asi mutsivi wake Oktavian Avgust akachinja kushandiswa zita iri. Zvino vose anoziva Kesari Augustus akarayira kunyora zita pamberi zita rake. Portraits ake uye mifananidzo kusaina kwete chete sezvo Imperator Caesar Divi Julii mwanakomana. Zvino honorary musoro mukuru nomutungamiriri dzikava rimwe madunhurirwa yavabati repamusoro.

Musoro mambo muna Eastern Roman Empire

Chokwadi chokuti wakadaro Emperor kuti Byzantium vagari takaziva kwenguva yakareba. Asi pashure partition hweRoma, vagari nechokumabvazuva rimwe shoko akanamatirana. Familiar shoko "mambo" rakashandurwa kuti se "autocrat", izvo zvinoreva kuti "vane simba". Autocrat pano, sezvo muRoma, akadana madzishe nevatongi. Gare gare ichi honorary rokuremekedza kwapfuura dzose vatongi Byzantine Empire. In yayo unaltered chimiro autocrat akapona mireniyumu nehafu. Mumutauro ano, saka akadana murume rusununguko masimba risingagumi.

Kana musoro Emperor akanyangarika

Zvinoita sokuti izvozvo wakaisvonaka rokuremekedza aifanira kurarama kwenguva yakareba. In hweRoma, mutongi mutsva mumwe nomumwe kuti kuwedzera divi idzva rokuti ichi. In Trajan Somuenzaniso, zvakanga kunzwisisa kwangu chii mambo. Aiti kuti musoro Imperator, dai mubairo wake chete muchiuto, asi vanhuwo zvavo kuigadzira, kureva Princeps.

Kubva muzana remakore rechipiri AD, musoro yakazopera nekusimbiswa mazita ari mutongi mukuru pakati pemisara uye yakashandiswa kusvika makore 476. Uye panguva rezvitendero Diocletian uye dzimwe nguva pashure yave madzimambo maviri hweRoma, mumwe wavo ainzi "Kesari" uye yechipiri - "August". Pashure pokuparadzwa hweRoma, guta guru zvose kukanganwa chii Kesari kwemazana emakore anoverengeka.

Mambo muna Ages

The kumutsidzirwa musoro Emperor akanga pakutanga wa9 remakore AD. Izvi zvakanga ichatonga zvine mbiri vechiFrank Empire, saka, hazvishamisi kuti weRoma waiti wakauya panguva rinonyatsooneka munhu muEurope panguva Charlemagne. Iri zita rakanzwika kwaari mumiririri waMwari panyika - Pope Leo III. Saka, zita rokuti "Roman Empire", achiwedzera chipauro "chakavanzika". Saka akaratidzwa kuti zvitsva mamiriro Hutsvene hweRoma ariko nokuda uye murayiro waMwari. Baba kwainzi mumiririri waMwari panyika zvekunamata, asi Kesari akasarudza Panyanzvi mibvunzo Mwari atikomborere.

Vamiririri ava of Western Church zvakakomba vanetsa Byzantine vatongi, nekuti chete vaiva nekodzero kupfeka musoro pashure pokuwa Rome. Asi Karl Veliky aiziva Kesari. Tsanangudzo pfungwa iyi aisagona zvakawanda wakanyatsokodzera shure murwi uye vakachenjera nehurumende.

Pashure Karla Velikogo Emperor Otto akatora korona. Mushure akaita musoro German vakaberekerwa Bishop umambo diki. A tsika kutora zita naMambo Mutsvene hweRoma kubva mumaoko Catholic Bishop. Vanapapa rokutsiva konzera murayiro, kumanikidza madzimambo duku German inoti kupikisa mumwe honorary rokuremekedza. Nokuti mweya rukudzo kunzi Emperor munyika, chisingasvikiki kuzombova pamepu, vakarwa uye akafira vanhu kudzimwa miganhu, anoparadza guta. Asi pashure pakuonekwa map Europe ine rinoti matsva simba musoro naMambo Mutsvene hweRoma pakupedzisira vakarasikirwa kukosha kwayo uye chinyararire aparara pakutanga namapfumbamwe remakore,

Madzimambo enyika Russian mamiriro

Muzana remakore rechi18 kuti mambo uyu rikarangarirwa Russian mamiriro. Zita rokuremekedza iri vakatora tsars Russian muna 1721. The runoenzanirana chirevo akaziviswa weSeneti uye Revafundisi mushure Chibvumirano Nystad. Chirevo chevaux Peter ndakakumbirwa kutora zvitsva rokuremekedza uye yava kunzi "Mambo uye Baba Mukuru Yababa." Gwaro zvakabvumiranwa ndokugamuchirwa mikuru miviri maviri Russian kuzvidzora: The Seneti vaiona ezviitiko zvenyika, uye Revafundisi nechokuita kurutivi upenyu hwomudzimu. Saka akasimbisa kuti simba mambo uye zvenyika uye pakunamata.

Zvishoma nezvishoma, mutsva rokuremekedza akatora zvose anozivikanwa youmambo dzimba Europe. Nzira yokutanga kupemberera machinda Russian akatanga muna Prussia, Netherlands Sweden. Emperor Rank akaperekedza ose Russian mambo kusvikira vafa. Recent Vezvenhau Russian Imperial rokuremekedza Vakanga vapfurwa 1918.

mambo French

Kusvikira mukutanga rechi18 yaitongwa nemadzimambo France. Asi Napoleon I, zita iri rakanga isingagamuchiriki. Just nomutauro wake France, afa pasi kumukira, umo nhengo dzose dzemhuri youmambo dzakaguma kugara pamusoro nechepamberi. Naizvozvo, kunzi mambo murwi uye mutongi nyika yakanga isina maoko. Pano uye anobatsira zita mambo; saka linkage pakati ari rezvitendero Charlemagne uye hurumende Napoleon vake. May 18, 1804 akafanana kuna Napoleon akapiwa ichi chikuru rokuremekedza. Mushure kukundwa ake uye akudubure mambo musoro aimbova mambo France zvakashandisa. Gare gare muchidimbu akapfuura Napoleon III, asi mutongi uyu aiva mambo zvishomanana nokuda dzinoverengeka enyika nezvipingamupinyi. Pashure pokuva vemutungamiri zvokuvhoterwa rokuremekedza pakupedzisira ndokuwira zvisingachashandiswi.

The Emperor Austria-Hungary

Muna 1804 kunouya mumwe umambo pamusoro European mepu. Franz aida asunungure Italy kubva hurumende yeFrance uye muchamanikidza yose kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva Habsburg imba youmambo. YeAustria Franz dzakazova musoro "sezvaiitwa nevaapostora" Emperor uye akasika humwe humambo - Austria-Hungary.

The British umambo

Pamwe chete umambo Continental European aivapo kwenguva yakati, uye vamwe. Somuenzaniso, England akatanga kudana pachake British umambo kare muna 1583, apo Colonisation kuNorth America yakapera. Kunyange pashure kurasikirwa American mapoka England haana kurasa nawo uye kuramba vachipe mitemo yose. Muna 1876, Britain yakatora mashoko Indian pfuma, sezvo Koroleva Viktoriya vakagamuchira zita Empress India. Simba Chirungu umambo hwakapararira pasi pose - zvinonzi pamusoro British Empire zuva hariviriri.

Paiva umambo mune dzimwe nyika. Somuenzaniso, nezvake mambo aizivikanwa muMexico. Pane mimwe mitemo apo Maximilian I. Paiva Madzimambo muHaiti, Brazil uye dzimwe nyika.

The War World First akaparadza vose nheyo aripo nyika murayiro. Imperial negwaro yakaguma, uye vatongi zvakare. Nyika yachinja, madzimambo ari kare, uye kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pavo kunogona chete kuva nyaya, mabhuku kana mafirimu Nhoroondo nyaya.