Chibvumirano Nystad pamusana kwemakore akawanda kuitwa Petra Velikogo

Nhoroondo nyika yedu kuguma XVII - mavambo XVIII remakore rakazara zviitiko vakawanda kuti chokuita neramangwana nzira pakukura reRussia. Unhu Petro Mukuru, ake simba, mabasa mapenzi zvakatungamirira kuti chidzoke chenyika itsva, uye Chibvumirano Nystad aiva mumwe chikuru nebudiriro yaitonga ichi.

"Loss Century"

Pakupera XVII remakore Russia yakanga chaizvo nyika huru, zvisinei, yakanga isina chinokosha nezvainoita-European zvose zvinoitika. Mhosva nayo sehofisi yapfuura munhau, uye inertia yavabati. Kubvira ichi remakore, nyika yedu akamborara nenyonganyonga zhinji. Nguva Troubles, kupindira pakati Commonwealth uye Sweden, kurasikirwa kumadokero nyika, dzakakurumbira kumukirana, iro apogee kwakanga kupanduka Stepana Razina. Somugumisiro zviitiko zvose izvi, Russia akarasikirwa kuwana kugungwa, paiva chinoshingaira zvokutengeserana, uye akanga ari oga.

Mukuwedzera, rinokosha basa reDare ndechokuti vatongi iyi: Mikhail Fedorovich, Alexis, Theodore A., Ivan - vaiva utano murombo uye havana kusiyana nehurumende mafungiro. Anosiiwa dzino aiva Sophia Alekseevna.

Kutanga zvinhu zvikuru

Yaiva pfupi regent nokuda nevanun'una - Ivan, uyo aiva moron, uye Petro, vasingagoni ushe pamusaka uduku pachavo. Pazvakava zvikuru kushingaira wokumwe negwaro. Russia akaita maviri pamusoro Crimean nhimbe, akanga achida kunetesa nayo Khanate, uye, kana zvichiita, kuti vavezve kupinda kweGungwa Dema. Zvisinei, vaviri rutsigiro rwemauto dzaguma zvikuru pamusoro Russia, waiva mumwe zvinokonzera pokuwa Sophia.

Peter, Zvichakadai, aiita riitwe zvechihwana. Akaronga mitambo hondo, kudzidza nzira, Kolomenskoye musha uri nyanza ane midziyo shoma dzakavakwa, iyo vanodada ainzi Peter Fleet. Pavanenge vachikura zviri zvakajeka kunzwisisa kuti Russia nyore anofanira kuwana inodziya mumakungwa kutumirwa. In pfungwa iyi yave mberi wakasimbiswa kuvhura Sea White uye Ngirozi Huru - mumwe ice-akasununguka chiteshi PAMBERI Russia.

Ubanguranyika uye pamwe Europe

Kurwa pakati Petro Sophia akanga akunda akare. Sezvo 1689 anotora zvose simba mumaoko avo. Mambo aiva dambudziko uko gungwa - neGungwa Black kana kuBaltic - kuedza kubuda. Muna 1695 uye 1696, akasarudza kuongorora ehondo inoshora nyika yedu iri kumaodzanyemba. Azov mishandirapamwe zvakaratidza kuti iripo masimba Russian hadzisimbori zvakakwana kukurira simba hweTurkey yaro vakatendeka muranda - Krymskoe Hanstvo.

Peter haana mwoyo, uye akafunga nezvemamwe kuchamhembe, kusvikira kuGungwa reBaltic. Pano akatonga Sweden, zvisinei, kuita muhondo nomumwe vaitungamirira nyika iyoyo pasina anovabatsira European akanga kuzviuraya, saka nguva makore 1697-1698. King akaronga Grand Embassy kuEurope. Panguva ino vakashanyira kondinendi wacho zvikuru dzakabudirira inoti, dzichikoka nyanzvi muchiuto, engineering shipbuilding bhizimisi Russia. Munzira, vamiriri vakaziva pakuenzanisa simba mu Europe. Panguva ino doro weboka Spanish Kwevaapostora, uye kuchamhembe Europe shoma kufarira masimba makuru.

Chibvumirano Nystad muna 1721: zvinyorwa kukunda

Kushandisa ichi, rekupinda akagumisa wandei zvibvumirwano Poland, Saxony uye Denmark. kwomubatanidzwa uyu aiva nhoroondo zita Northern Alliance uye nechinangwa kuchera kutonga wokuSweden muna reBaltic mudunhu. Hondo inotanga muna 1700.

Mambo wokuSweden akaita nokukurumidza uye zvokuita. Mugore iroro Swedish mauto akasvika pedyo Copenhagen uye kurwiswa simba rokumanikidzirwa mambo Danish kugumisa rugare. Akatevera akuvara Carl nemiviri akasarudza Russia. Somugumisiro asina hanya murayiro uye mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu wehondo Russian akatambura unorema kukundwa pa Narva. Mambo wokuSweden akasarudza kuti Peter hazvina hausisiri aikwikwidzana, uye pfungwa akavhiyiwa zvechiuto muna Saxony, apo akanga vakunde 1706.

Peter, zvisinei, haana kuwira mwoyo. Fast, aive nesimba matanho anosika, chaizvoizvo, uto idzva kwakavakirwa kuhondo, uye kushanda Inotipazve atirari paki. Parallel kuti pakuvaka zvikepe vakaenda. Pashure 1706 Russia yakanga hondo pamwe Sweden oga. Ipapo mambo vanoshingaira matanho kwakaguma results. Zvishoma nezvishoma kuvafarira uye ukuru pamusoro kuti mauto Russian, iyo yakasimbiswa kukunda mune Hondo Poltava, zvakazoita wekupedzisira kune zvakanga chakagumisa Chibvumirano Nystad pamwe Sweden.

Russia ava umambo

Zvisinei, hondo mberi kwemamwe makore 12, kuti kukunda panyika Russian wengarava akawedzera Victoria. Gangut kurwa muna 1714 uye Grengamskoe 1720 yabatanidza chikuru basa Russian rengarava pamusoro kuBaltic egungwa. Tichifunga pachena zvakanakira Russian Government Swedish yakumbira mumwe chibvumirano. Chibvumirano Nystad akanga asaina mwedzi mishomanana gare gare, izvozvo akaratidza zvakakwana mukukunda nyika yedu.

Ashamiswa, Britain uye France vakakundwapo ndechokuti, pavakanga mubasa Spanish munhau, akaumba uto yakadaro simba uye enyika simba iri kumabvazuva kwenyika yacho. Asi vakamanikidzwa kubvuma. Terms of Chibvumirano Nystad kutarisirwa kuchinja kumiganhu pakati miviri inoti. Nokuti Russia iri mundima vakaenda husingaperi nhaka Livonia, Estonia, Ingria, uyewo mamwe kumatunhu yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia. Nokuti idzi Russia akatanga kubhadhara muripo Sweden mu chitsama mamiriyoni 2 rubles, uye kudzokera Finland. Peter Seneti akazivisa mambo, uye Russia - umambo. Kubva nguva ino mamiriro edu ava mumwe nyika - vershitelnits njodzi Europe uye nyika.