History mari

Iti chaizvo apo vakatanga nhoroondo mari, zviri matambudziko chaizvo. Mumamiriro nguva, yakadai pfungwa uye runoenzanirana chakajairika hariko. Relationships kufanana mari, vari zvikuru gare gare, pamwe kutanga kutaurirana pakati vanhu kwacho.

Nhoroondo mari ndiwo akarondedzera muitiro zvokutsinhanisa uye kuchinja maitiro uridzi zvakananga. Panguva imwe mangwanani chaizvo padanho zvokutsinhanisa ichi, tinogona kufunga zvino kumumvuri ukama mari, vakapfeka zvachero hunhu. Panguva iyi nenhumbi akaratidza kukosha nomumwe, kuti anorwisana nenhumbi nerokuti. Vaigona kuita sezvo zvinhu, zvokudya kana dzinovaraidza. Somuenzaniso, rechiAztec aishandiswa mari cocoa. danho iri rinoenderana munhu chero kana nyore uridzi.

Nhoroondo mari kwabva kuburikidza anotevedzana nzendo dzakawanda. Paumbwe marudzi zvokurima uye anofudza vakabatsira kuti kupanana nenhumbi vakatamira nguva chimiro, uye chero mufananidzo muridzi yakatsiva zvizere. chimiro ichi zvakasiyana yapfuura mukuti Exchange nechokuita zvakawanda zvinhu zvaigona vakatsinhanisa kuti siyana zvinhu neShanduro.

The Exchange akatonyanya dzakabudirira. Zvisinei, panguva ino, kukosha mumwe nomumwe chinokosha haisati kugamuchira zvakakwana okuti, nekuti zvakanga zvisina chokwadi nhamba kwenhumbi-neShanduro. Mari chaizvo heterogeneous okuti. Naizvozvo, zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga kumira panze zvigadzirwa, iyo panguva iyoyo kumusika wakatanga kushandiswa kutaura pamusoro chikwata mutengo. Zvishoma nezvishoma ndiri oga imwe chigadzirwa, vakatora pamusoro basa zvakasikwa nerokuti. Panguva iyi, uye pakanga mari uridzi. Panguva ino akatanga nhoroondo mari ano mupfungwa rokuti.

In kwayo Chaizvoizvo mari vari chinokosha hunhu, asi hazvigoni kunzi kuri chinhu chinokosha. Ndiye chaizvo zvakananga, nekuti anoita kugara basa zvakasikwa nerokuti. Chero chigadzirwa anogona kugutsa munhu anoshayiwa kwevanhu uye ane chikwata mutengo kuti mutengi. Mari iyoyo chigadzirwa ane yezvisikwa ukoshi (i.e., inogona vaipanana kuti mamwe). Izvi pfuma mari inonzi liquidity.

Waifarirwa nerokuti (mari) chaiva zvinodiwa zvinokosha akawanda: rirege kuderera panguva kuchengetwa, zviri nyore kutakura kumativi, chaifanira kuva divisible pasina kurasikirwa kunopindirana ukoshi.

History kwezvisikwa mari iri simbi pangoro rinotanga pakuonekwa simbi. First chakaunzwa riparadzirwe goridhe uye masirivha zvakagadzirwa anokosha simbi. Mari yokutanga akazviratidza Ridhiya ari 7th remakore BC Ipapo vakatanga kubereka muGirisi, Asia Minor uye Italy. The chinokosha vaiva Mari zvendarama.

In Russia coinage chakatangwa muna 9-10 emakore. The zita 'mari' rinobva wechiTatar sirivha mari, yainzi "Tenga '. Sezvo vara sirivha yaishandiswa mari, iri gurwa (vaiva divisible), ipapo panguva iyoyo "Ruble", kana zvakakodzera.

Asi azere simbi mari apo sangano ravo rinobatana ukoshi hwayo chaiko, muri zvinodhura chaizvo. Metal kuchera haasisina varambe vachifambirana kukura zvoupfumi ukama. Kugadzirisa dambudziko rakanga vakaisa pasi hunhu mari. Zvishoma nezvishoma, rizere simbi mari hwakatanga kutsiviwa kukosha trademarks. Ndiko, huwandu simbi dzinokosha tumari rotanga kuvira pamwe aizviti kukosha kwavari kumbochinja.

Somugumisiro iyi, simbi mari vakanga yakatsiviwa mari yaishandiswa chimiro isingadhuri hwaro simbi. Pakupedzisira, vamwe mari, akaita mapepa. Kokutanga muupenyu jana ravo vakapinda Chinese muzana remakore rechi9. MuEurope, vakatanga kufamba bepa muchimiro kubva munenge muzana remakore rechi15, displacing mari chechokwadi kubva wokufambisa zvachose. MuRussia, nhoroondo bepa mari kwakatanga muzana remakore rechi18, vakanga vakadamwa Banknotes.