Aidzidzisa Chirungu uye akawana Dzheyms e. Biography, nhoroondo kufamba

Dzheyms e ndomumwe chikuru vatsvakurudzi ari XVIII remakore. Murume akatungamirira matatu nyika yose rwendo, akaziva mijenya vomunyika itsva uye zvitsuwa, ane ruzivo mutyairi, aiongorora uye cartographer - asi ndiani Dzheyms e. Muchidimbu pamusoro kunzendo dzake, ona nyaya ino.

Uduku uye kuyaruka

The ramangwana aiongorora akaberekwa October 27, 1728 mumusha Marton (England). baba vake aiva murimi akapfuma. Nokufamba kwenguva, mhuri yakatamira kumusha Ayton Great, apo Dzheyms e akadzidza pachikoro yemo. Nekuti mhuri yaiva murombo, vabereki James dzakamanikidzwa ndimutume kuti mudzidziri webasa womuchitoro vaigara duku pagungwa guta Steytese.

Ndichiri mukomana ane makore 18 okuberekwa, Dzheyms e, ane Biography rinotaura nezvake somunhu anoshanda nesimba uye kuzvipira kukurudzirwa, akasiya basa rake panguva womuchitoro uye ashanda ari kabhini mukomana mungarava marasha. Saka akatanga basa rake somunhu kuzvikepe. The chikepe akaenda kugungwa iro vashoma makore okutanga, kunyanya rire pakati London uye Chirungu neguta Newcastle. Aivawo nguva kushanyira Ireland, Norway neGungwa reBaltic, uye akapotsa zvose ake akasununguka nguva inopedzerwa kuzvicheka-dzidzo, vaifarira sayenzi zvakadai masvomhu, navigation, zvenyeredzi uye jogirafi. Dzheyms e, uyo akapa chepamusoro rimwe zvikepe kutengesa kambani, akasarudza kutsvaga vanhuwo seaman muna Naval Fleet UK. Gare gare akatora mugove Hondo Yemakore Seven ', uye pashure ukagumira kuva noruzivo cartographer uye topographer.

The rwokutanga munyika

Muna 1766 Britain Admiralty akasarudza kutumira Pacific Ocean yesayenzi rwendo, ane chinangwa yakanga yakasiyana pakuongorora miviri yokudenga, uyewo vamwe Masvomhu. Uyezve, tinofanira kuongorora mhenderekedzo New Zealand, Tasman richakavazarukira muna 1642 akagadzwa musoro wekushandisa Dzheyms e. Biography yake, zvisinei, ane dzinopfuura imwe rwendo, umo airidza aitungamirira basa.

Dzheyms e nechikepe kubva Plymouth muna August 1768 rwendo chikepe akayambuka Atlantic, iye skirted South America uye vakabuda vakapinda Pacific Ocean. Astronomical basa chakaitwa pachitsuwa Tahiti, June 3, 1769, pashure iyo Cook waakatuma zvikepe zasi-kumadokero mirayiridzo, uye mwedzi mina pashure kusvika New Zealand pamhenderekedzo raakanga kuongororwa kwazvo pamberi mberi nerwendo. Next, nechikepe akananga Australia uye vaone kuti Torres Strait, iyo panguva iyoyo akanga asina kuzivikanwa kuti vokuEurope, skirted kubva kuchamhembe, uye October 11, 1970 nechikepe kuBatavia. In Indonesia, kunorwa akatambura matenda nemarariya nemanyoka, imwe-muzvitatu chikwata akafa. Kubva ipapo, Cook vakananga kumadokero mhiri Indian Ocean, vakagumisa Africa uye July 12, 1771 kumusha kwake.

Chechipiri rwendo munyika

Mumatsutso chete gore British Admiralty zvakare kumboenda dzose kushambira. nguva ino atibate ndeyokudzidza zvikuru unexplored zvikamu Southern Hemisphere uye kutsvaka kuti vanonzi kondinendi wokumaodzanyemba. Basa iri akapiwa kuna James Cook.

Two zvikepe rwendo nechikepe kubva Plymouth, 13 July 1772 uye 30 October akasvika muna Kapshtadte (zvino Cape Town), iri kumaodzanyemba kweAfrica. Pashure kugara ikoko zvishoma isingasviki mwedzi, Cook akaramba nechikepe southerly negwara. In pemwedzi December, vafambi akamhanyira hwakasimba chando, akadzikatidza gwara zvikepe, asi Cook haana kuenda mapfumo. Antarctic Circle, iye akayambuka January 17, 1773, asi nokukurumidza akamanikidzwa kutsausa ngarava nechokumusoro. Mumakore mishoma yakatevera, akashanyira zvitsuwa zvinoverengeka zviri Oceania uye Pacific, uye akabva aita chimwe kuedza kupaza zasi. January 30, 1774 kunorwa akakwanisa kusvika Kumaodzanyemba pfungwa rwendo rwake. Cook ipapo vakananga zvakare kuchamhembe, akashanyira zvitsuwa zvinoverengeka. Dzheyms e, ane Biography rizere zvakawanwa uye nguva ino yaivamo chitsuwa itsva. Ndapedza zvidzidzo mudunhu, iye nechikepe kumabvazuva uye tikamira muna December kusvika Tierra Del Fuego. The rwendo akadzokera kuEngland July 13, 1775

Panopera rwendo urwu, zvaakatadzisa Cook wakakurumbira zvikuru zvose pamusoro Europe, iye akapiwa chaizvo itsva, uye akavawo nhengo Royal Geographical Society, iyewo paakavapa naye menduru yegoridhe.

Chechitatu rwendo munyika

Chinangwa rakatevera rwendo vakatanga kutsvaka kuchamhembe-yokumadokero nzira kubva kuAtlantic kusvika Pacific Ocean. rwendo James Cook zvakatanga muna Plymouth, kubva July 12, 1776 dzichitungamirirwa rworuboshwe rwendo rwake ngarava maviri. Vatsvakurudzi paakasvika Kapshtadt, uye kubva ipapo uye pakazopera 1777 kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva, akashanyira Tasmania, New Zealand uye nokumwewo. In pemwedzi December anotevera gore, kunorwa vakashanyira Hawaiian Islands, ipapo vakaramba kutevera kuchamhembe, apo Cook akatuma nezvikepe pamwe kumiganhu Canada uye Alaska, akayambuka kweArctic Circle , uye nokukurumidza, pakupedzisira rakabayirwa hwakasimba chando, akamanikidzwa kudzokera kumaodzanyemba.

Muna January 1779, Cook akasvika mu ari Hawaiian Islands , uye akagara ikoko kwechinguva. 14 February pakati vafambisi uye zvizvarwa zvemo vepachitsuwa Hawaii paiva kunetsana umo vezvikepe dzinoverengeka, kusanganisira Captain Dzheyms e akaurayiwa.

mhedziso

Nhaka Cook - diaries ake, ine yakawanda ethnographic uye nzvimbo data, kakawanda ikazobudiswazve mumitauro yakawanda. Zvinyorwa izvi nhasi vari kufarira nevaongorori. Dzheyms e, ane Biography rakazara mavara zvikamu, runoonekwa mumwe wemapiyona dzepamusorosoro pamwe Greats akadai Hristofor Kolumb uye Amerigo Vespucci.