Ndiani aiva wokutanga kukwira Mount Everest? Mugore chii kukwira Mount Everest?

Republic of Nepal, anozivikanwa somunhu nzvimbo yechizvarirwo of Buddha, ndiyo nyika kupfuura makomo munyika. Kurutivi rwokumusoro riri bordered nokuda Great eHimalaya Range, nomukurumbira nenhongonya vanoverengeka kwazvo 8.000 metres, kusanganisira Mount Everest iri - the soro gomo munyika (8848 mamita).

Everest: Ndiani akakunda nzvimbo wavanamwari

Maererano nezvinodavirwa nevakawanda, nzvimbo iyi yainzi yokugara wavanamwari, saka hapana asina rakauya kwaari kukwira.

Pamusoro nyika kunyange zita chairo: Chomolungma ( "Amai - mwarikadzi rugare") - iri Tibetans uye Sagarmatha ( "The huma dzokudenga") - iri Nepalese. Everest zvikazikamwa chete muna 1856, isu havabvumirani China neIndia, uyewo zvakananga akakuvadza pakati renaming - British aristocrat, nyanzvi-pachivakwa, uto kungoitwa chete - Dzhordzh Everest, uyo akakwanisa kutanga kuziva chaiyo nzvimbo yacho eHimalaya nenhongonya, uye kukwirira kwayo. The wokudhinda ichiri nguva nenguva pane nharo pamusoro gomo, iri Asia, havafaniri kuva zita European. Ndiani kutanga yakakunda Everest - kukwirira iyo anorota anenge ose mukwiri?

Elegant runako pamusoro wenyika

Nature Everest matombo, chando uye chando kusingaperi kutyisidzira zvakakomba uye tacitly yakanaka. Pane ari inenge nguva dzose dzaitongwa zvakanyanyisa inotonhorera (kusvika -60 ° C), kakawanda chakajairika - avalanches uye chando nemasiraidhi, uye makomo gomo kumativi ose Varidza yakaipisisa mhepo mututu nokukurumidza iyo rinosvika 200 km / h. Panguva kukwira vanenge 8000 metres atanga "rufu mapazi", kunzi zvakadaro kushaya okisijeni (30% uwandu vaivapo wegungwa).

Ngozi nokuda chii?

Kunyange zvakadaro, pasinei dzinongoitika ezvinhu utsinye zvakadaro, kukunda Everest aiva uye ndiye hope makomo akawanda munyika yose. Mira pamusoro maminitsi mashoma kuburuka munhau, tarisai nyika kubva pasi pedenga urefu - uku haasi mufaro? Nokuti vakadaro chisingakanganwiki nguva makomo vanoda pangozi hwavo. Uye ngozi nokuziva kuti vanogona kugara mune unexplored pamupendero nokusingaperi. Human zvinhu zvinoita rufu, akawana pane kushayikwa okisijeni, frostbite, kukuvara, mwoyo kukundikana, tsaona dzinouraya uye kunyange kusafarira nevaunotamba navo mumitambo.

Saka, muna 1996, rimwe boka makomo kubvira Japan kusvika pamukwidza Everest vakasangana matatu maIndia - makomo vaiva semiconscious ezvinhu. Vakafa nekuti vokuJapan tisina rubatsiro, "vakwikwidzi", asina hanya unopfuura. Muna 2006, makomo 42, pamwe chete broadcasters uwane «Kuwanika» asina hanya vakapfuura zvishoma nezvishoma vachifa hypothermia wokuEngland David Sharp, vakaedzawo kubvunzurudza iye uye kutora mapikicha. Somugumisiro, mumwe daredevil uyo akasarudza oga kukunda Mount Everest, akafa frostbite uye okisijeni nzara. Mumwe makomo Russian Alexander Abramov zviito zvakadaro navo anotsanangura: "Panguva kukwira vanopfuura 8.000 metres murume anoshandira kukunda kukwirira, zvakazara kubatikana uye hakuna imwe mauto kubatsira yakakurisa mazwi akadai."

Kuedza George Mallory: rubudirire kana kuti kwete?

Saka pashure vose vokutanga akakunda Mount Everest? Kuzarurwa George Everest, vakanga vasina yakakunda mugomo, yaiva riwedzere nokuda rusingadzorwi chido makomo akawanda kusvika kukwirira nyika, kuti yokutanga (muna 1921) vakasarudza Dzhordzh Mellori - National Everest. Zvinosuruvarisa kuedza kwake kwakanga kubudirira: rinorema chando, mhepo yakasimba uye kushaya chiitiko vachisimudza kuti nekukwirira British mukwiri arega. Asi haungambofari porusvingo Mallory akaninira, uye akaita maviri kundikana pamukwidzwa (muna 1922 uye 1924). Mumakore okupedzisira rwendo Dzhordzh Mellori nemumwe wake Endryu Irvin pamusoro boka anyangarika chose. Last kuburikidza pakakoromoka mumakore pakazvimba pamusoro pavo vachiona imwe nhengo rwendo Noel Odell. Chete pashure pemakore 75, American kutsvaka rwendo Mallory anoramba vakanga pana imwe kukwira pamusoro 8155 mamita. Kubva pane nzvimbo dzavo, makomo vakawira mugomba rakadzikadzika. Uyewo zvedzidzo yeChina, ari kudzidza chete uye zvasara nzvimbo dzavo, zvave kuti George Mallory - Munhu wokutanga kukunda Everest. uye akashaikwa muviri Endryu Irvina vake.

makore 1924-1938 vakanga pakataurwa sangano vachiri wandei nzendo Zvisinei, kubudirira. Shure navo Everest kwenguva kukanganikwa, nokuti Second World War.

trailblazers

Ndiani kutanga yakakunda Mount Everest? Storm nepokorimuyu pamusoro akasarudza muna 1952 neSwiss, asi kufadza pakakwirira zvaiyambuka navo vakamira kumativi 8,500 metres, 348 metres, haana kukundwa makomo nokuda mamiriro akaipa okunze.

Kana taifunga kuti Mallory vakasagona kusvika pamusoro soro gomo munyika, mubvunzo wokuti ndiani wokutanga vakakunda Mount Everest, tinogona zvakachengeteka kutaura - New Zealand Edmund Hillary muna 1953, uye haisi pachake, uye mubatsiri - Sherpa Norgay Tenzing .

Zviya, Sherpa (Tibetan, "Cher" - kumabvazuva, "PA" - vanhu) - chete vanhu, pasina iro, zvichida, kashoma kuti mumwe munhu aizokwanisa kusvika kudaro kuchiva pamusoro. Izvi gomo vanhu vakanga vakagara Nepal makore anopfuura 500 apfuura. Zviri nyore kuti Sherpas akakwanisa kukwira Mount Everest, nekuti pagomo rino - kwavo, iri yaizivikanwa ose nzira kubva pauduku.

Sherpas - yakavimbika mubatsiri munzira kuenda kumusoro

Sherpas - hunhu hwakanaka chaizvo vanhu vasingagoni kukonzera mhosva munhu. Kwavari, kupondwa zvake mosquito kana munda mbeva anoonekwa chivi zvinotyisa, izvo zvaida otmalivat chaizvo. Isu Sherpas vane mutauro wavo, asi zvino vava anenge munhu wose anotaura Chirungu. In budiriro ichi chikuru Edmund Hillary - the mukundi Everest rokutanga. In kuonga rinokosha rubatsiro pamusoro pachake mari yayo kuvaka chikoro muna rimwe huru maguta.

Kunyange zvazvo zvose kupinda muupenyu Sherpa yebudiriro nzira yavo youpenyu anoramba zvikurukuru ateteguru. Traditional nemisha - maviri storey ibwe imba pavhu pauriri iyo kazhinji aive mombe, yaks, makwai, mbudzi, uye mhuri pachayo makhiriniki panhurikidzwa yechipiri; pane kicheni, yokurara, mumba mupenyu. Furniture pasipasi. Nemhaka kupayona makomo haana kudaro kare kwaiva magetsi; gasi kana nechepakati kudziyisa vamwe mhando havana kudaro kure kwete. Sezvo huni kubika vanoshandisa nemarara yaks, izvo anounganidzwa uye waoma pamatombo.

Haungambofari Mount Everest ... uyo kutanga akakunda kure nenhongonya: Edmund Hillary kana Dzhordzh Mellori? Masayendisiti vari kutsvaka mhinduro iripo zuva, uyewo mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti chii gore vakakunda Everest muna 1924 kana 1953.

Zvinyorwa Everest

Everest akabvuma kupfuura mumwe munhu, kunyange zvinyorwa vakanga kufuka kwekanguva pamukwidzwa kumusoro. Somuenzaniso, muna 2004 Sherpa Pemba Dorj vakauya kwaari vachibva mumusasa mujinga mumaawa 10 maminitsi 46, apo vakawanda makomo ari chete kushanda zvinogona kutora mazuva akawanda. The uchitsanya mugomo muna 1988, ari wokuFrance Jean-Mako Buaven, zvisinei, akaita kuti kusvetuka kuti paroplane.

Vakadzi avo vakakunda Mount Everest, asina kutomboderera kuvanhu, uye kuomesa musoro uye uchiramba kukunda ose mita pamukwidzwa kumusoro. The rokutanga naka hafu vanhu muna 1975 raiva Japanese naJunko Tabey, 10 Mazuva - Phantog, mushroom mukwiri.

Ndiani kutanga yakakunda Everest vakwegura? Mukuru mukundi nenhongonya chinhu-gore 76 okuberekwa mugari Nepal - Min Bahadur Sher Khan, uye gotwe --makore 13 American Jordan Romero. Sezvineiwo kutsungirira imwe mukundi duku "pamusoro wenyika" --makore 15 Sherpa Temba Tseri, ane kuedza chokutanga kwaiva kubudirira nokuda kwokushayiwa simba uye frostbite ake maviri. Pavakadzoka Tembe 5 kudimburwa minwe kuti haana kurega, iye akakunda Mount Everest kuti chikwiriso charo wechipiri.

Nevanhu vakaremara vane munhu wokutanga kukunda Everest. Uyu Mark Inglis, akasimuka pamusoro hwenyika 2006 tichibatsirwa prostheses. Hero kunyange vaitoseka kuti kusafanana nedzimwe makomo, kwete frostbitten zvigunwe. Zvino frostbitten tsoka asati apo vachiedza vanokwira gomo rakareba mu New Zealand - Mount Cook, pashure yavakanga kudimburwa.

Zviri pachena Everest ine masimba emashiripiti pazviri kana mazana makomo anodirana. Kuitora kamwe zvakare uye vakadzoka zvakare, kuedza kuzviita zvakare.

Alluring yepamusorosoro - Mount Everest

Ndiani aiva wokutanga kukwira Mount Everest? Nei saka vanhu vauye kunzvimbo ino? Zvikonzero ichi vazhinji. Vanofadza tsinga, kushaya kwemafaro bedzi, chido zviedzezve kubhoekana upenyu hwezuva nezuva ....

Texas shoroma Dick Bass - munhu akakunda Everest. Haana nyanzvi mukwiri, akanga asiri kuenda kupedza makore ari kunyatsogadzirira kuti pamukwidza ngozi uye vakasarudza kukunda yepamusoro munyika kamwechete, sezvo vachiti: pano uye ikozvino. Bass aida kubhadhara mari vaya kubatsira kuzadziswa ake zvinoita chisingabviri hope.

Dick Bass achiri kukwanisa kusvika peGomo Everest, uye vabatsiri vari rwendo kwaiva kuungana timu iyo yakawana shoroma nyaradzo Climbing kukwira; Vanhu vakanga vakatakura mutoro yose, matende, okisijeni dzehondo, mvura, chikafu. Ndiko kuti, pamukwidza kwakaitika imwe "zvose yemubatanidzwa" uye raiva kutanga zvebhizimisi kufamba kumusoro.

Yakanga kubvira ipapo, kubva 1985, kusvika kukwirira anogona kuva munhu kuti ane kuita mari yakakwana. Pari, mari imwe kukwira kwakadaro zvichisiyana 40 kusvika 85 zviuru zvamadhora, zvichienderana kurutivi mugomo kwira. Kana rwendo paruchaitika chikamu Nepal, zviri anodhura nokuti zvinoda chaiyo mvumo yamambo, mutengo zviuru 10 zvemadhora. Mari yasara iri inobhadharwa kuti sangano iri rwendo.

Uye kunyange akanga muchato ...

Muna 2005, Mona Mulet uye Pem Georgie akaridza pamusoro muchato hwenyika. Climbing yapamusoro, vaviri akabvisa kwemaminitsi mashomanana kuti okisijeni zvifukidziro, takapfeka pamitsipa nezvishongo zvetsika chitsvuku. Ipapo Pem rutsvuku upfu akazodza huma mwenga wake kufananidzira muchato. Vachangoroorana chiito chake chakavanzika kubvira vose: vabereki, shamwari, shamwari kunorwa, nokuti vakanga vasiri chivimbo anobudirira mugumisiro vakaronga zviito.

Saka sei vanhu vazhinji vanokwira Mount Everest? Zvinoshamisa, kufambidzana nomumwe, vanhu vanopfuura 4,000. Uye kupfuura Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri nguva nokuda achikwidza mamiriro ekunze akapfava kuonekwa chitubu uye kwematsutso. Chokwadi, idyl ichi ndedzoupenyu shoma nguva - mashoma mavhiki, kuti makomo vari kuedza kushandisa zvikuru unobereka.

Maererano nokuongorora kwakaitwa avo vanokunda Everest anofa ose gumi, pamwechete vakawanda angatozvikuvadza panguva neugari, kana simba riri dzotsauka. Tichingotarisa, unogona kukwira Mount Everest mumazuva mashomanana. In tsika, runodiwa zvishoma nezvishoma uye optimum mubatanidzwa nemateru halts.