All madzimambo Russia kuitira (Portraits): zvizere pasi

Pasi mazita ose kwakakwana tsars kuRussia. Kweanenge 400 makore nezvokuvapo zita ichi zvakaita vanhu vakasiyana zvachose - kubva adventurers uye liberals uye kuzvikudza kuti vadzvinyiriri.

Rurik

Kwemakore akawanda, Russia (kubva Rurik kuna Putin) achinja zvematongerwe enyika kakawanda. Vatongi First aipfeka musoro muchinda. Kana pashure penguva enyika kusabatana akapoteredza Moscow kwakasimbiswa idzva Russian mamiriro, kuti Kremlin varidzi vari kufunga sei kutora youmambo rokuremekedza.

Rakanga kunze pasi Ivan ari Anotyisa (1547-1584). The Grand Duke akasarudza kuroorwa muumambo. Uye chisarudzo ichi chakaitwa kwete netsaona. Saka Moscow Key akasimbisa kuti - mutsivi of Byzantine remadzimambo. Zvakanga avo vakapa Russian Orthodoxy. Muzana XVI remakore Byzantine Empire asisiri yavapo (ikawira pasi yakakuwandira pakati kuvaOttoman), Ivan Grozny saka zvakarurama vaidavira kuti zviito zvake achava guru zvadzinofananidzira.

Zvakadai inofananidza wenhoroondo sezvo mambo akanga ane simba guru pamusoro pokumuka yose. Kunze kwokuti Ivan Grozny chikatsiviwa rokuti, naiyewo akakunda Kazan uye Astrakhan khanate, kutanga Russian kuwedzera kuMabvazuva.

Mwanakomana Ivan Fedor (1584-1598) aikudzwa ne tsika simba uye utano. Zvisinei, kana vakaramba kuumba hurumende. Rakavakwa nokuda patriarchate. Machinda Russian wehurumende hwagara akateerera zvikuru kuti nyaya yokugara. nguva ino, akasimuka kunyanya zvikuru. Fedor akanga asina vana. Paakafa, Rurik imba pachigaro choushe achatapudzwa.

nguva Troubles

Pakafa Theodore akauya simba, Boris Godunov (1598-1605) - mukoma wake mutemo. Haana kuva mhuri youmambo, uye vazhinji vaiona naye akabvuta chigaro. Kana nokuda njodzi atanga wakakura nzara. Madzimambo uye napurezidhendi Russia agara achiedza kuchengeta rugare enyika. Hazvaikwanisa kudaro nokuti kusununguka ezvinhu Godunov. The nyika kwapfuura akawanda murimi mudiki yokumukira.

Mukuwedzera, mushingi Grisha Otrepyev aizviti mumwe wevanakomana Ivana Groznogo, uye vakatanga ruchirwisana Moscow. Iye zvechokwadi vakakwanisa utape guru uye ave mambo. Boris Godunov kusvika panguva ino haana akararama - akafa kubva utano matambudziko. mwanakomana wake Theodore II yakatorwa uye akaurayiwa nevamwe Falsdmitry.

Anoedzesera mitemo chete gore asati rakaparadzwa munguva Moscow yemuna, rwakazokura akafuridzirwa vasingagutsikani boyars Russian, asina kufanana kuti Lzhedmitry vakakomba achizvicheka Polish vaKaturike. Boyar Duma akasarudza zvakaitika korona Vasiliyu Shuyskomu (1606-1610). Munguva dzokutambudzika kazhinji achinja vatongi Russia.

Machinda, madzimambo uye napurezidhendi Russia yakanga nokungwarira kwakarinda simba rake. Shuya haana kuiita uye rinoputswa Polish nechisimba.

kutanga Romanovs

Kana muna 1613 Moscow akanga vakasunungurwa kubva vatorwa nechisimba, mubvunzo akasimuka kuti vanoita changamire. chinyorwa ichi rinopa ose madzimambo Russia kuitira (Portraits). Zvino yava nguva yokutaura pamusoro pamukwidzwa choushe Romanov dzinza.

mambo chekutanga ichi mhando - Michael (1613-1645) - aiva muduku chaizvo murume kana akatumwa kutonga rakakura nyika. chikuru Chinangwa chacho chaiva wakarwa muPoland nokuda akaibata panguva Matambudziko enyika.

Ndivo nhoroondo dzeupenyu hwevatongi uye waichengetwa Board kusvikira pakati XVII remakore. Pashure Mikhail anotonga mwanakomana wake Alex (1645-1676). Akatangawo Russian kuruboshwe-kubhengi Ukraine uye Kiev. Saka, pashure mashomanana emakore kusabatana uye Lithuanian uchangamire pamapatya marudzi, pakupedzisira, vakatanga kugara imwe nyika.

Alexei aiva nevanakomana vazhinji. The mukuru wavo, Theodore III (1676-1682), vakashaya achiri mudiki. Pashure rakabva panguva yaitonga vana vaviri - Ivan naPetro.

Petr Veliky

Ivan akanga asingakwanisi kumhanya nyika. Naizvozvo, muna 1689 zvakatanga oga ushe Petra Velikogo. Iye zvachose akavakazve nyika iri European nenzira. Russia - kubva Rurik kuna Putin (mu kurongwa, funga zvose vatongi) - kuziva mienzaniso mishoma chaizvo nguva yokuchinja.

Uto A itsva uye nezvikepe. Kuti aite izvi, Peter yakatanga hondo Sweden. '21 rwakatora Northern War. Panguva hondo yake Swedish vakakundwa, uye umambo akabvuma cede wokumaodzanyemba kwayo Baltic nyika. In nharaunda iyi muna 1703, rakavakwa Saint-Petersburg - guta guru mutsva Russia. Kubudirira Petro vakamumanikidza kuti kufunga kuchinja rokuremekedza. Muna 1721 akava mambo. Zvisinei, kuchinja uku haana tinobvisa umambo - hwezuva nezuva pakutaura madzimambo akaramba achishevedza madzimambo.

Nguva mumuzinda the

Petro rufu zvakateverwa yakareba kusagadzikana nesimba. Madzimambo vakabudirira mumwe zvinoshamisa kakawanda, akabatsirwa wamambo the. Kumusoro kuchinja izvi, sezvo mutemo, vakamira murindi kana zvimwe courtiers. Munhambo ichi Catherine I nemirau (1725-1727), Peter II (1727-1730), Anna Ioannovna (1730-1740), John VI (1740-1741), Elizaveta Petrovna (1741-1761) uye Peter III (1761-1762 ).

The wokupedzisira wakanga German ari mavambo. Kana baba Peter III, Elizabeth Russia dzakarwiwa mukukunda kurwa Prussia. The mambo mutsva akapa zvose zvavakawana, mambo akadzokera Berlin, uye vaita rugare chibvumirano. Chiito ichi, iye akasaina rufu kwake warandi. Guard akaronga imwe kubvuta masimba d'pokupidigura hurumende nechisimba, pashure choushe chaiva mudzimai waPetro Catherine II.

Catherine II uye Paul I

Catherine II (1762-1796) akanga zvikuru pachena pfungwa. Pachigaro cheushe, iye akatanga kutevera mutemo vakambovhenekerwa absolutism. The Empress sangano yakakurumbira basa Legislative Commission, ane chinangwa chaiva kugadzirira misoro chirongwa zvinhu mu Russia. naiyewo akanyora murayiro. Gwaro rino rine mazano akawanda pamusoro zvakakodzera kuchinja kuti nyika. The zvokuchinja dzakamiswa apo ari 1770s iri Volga murimi mudiki yemuna payakatanga achitungamirirwa Pugachev.

Madzimambo ose uye napurezidhendi Russia (mu kurongwa isu zvawanyora ose royals) nehanya nyika kuti vanyatsokwanisa kutarisa dzakawanda nhandare. Yakanga asingasiyi uye Catherine. Iye areverera akawanda kubudirira rutsigiro rwemauto pamusoro Turkey. Somugumisiro, Russia rave vasiyana Crimea nemamwe nzvimbo inokosha kweGungwa Dema. Panoperera ushe Catherine aiva zvikamu zvitatu Poland. Sezvo Russian Empire yawana acquisitions zvinokosha kumadokero.

Pakafa mambokadzi guru vakauya simba, mwanakomana wake Paul I (1796-1801). Izvi feisty munhu haadi yakawanda St. Petersburg vepamusoro.

The hafu rokutanga XIX remakore

Muna 1801, paiva neimwe, uye yokupedzisira kubvuta masimba d'pokupidigura hurumende nechisimba. Boka unoranganawo vaibata naPauro. Pachigaro choumambo chakanga mwanakomana wake Alexander I (1801-1825). Kutonga kwake aibva Hondo Yenyika II uye nechisimba Napoleon. Machinda Russian mamiriro maviri emakore asina akatarisana chakakomba muvengi kupindira kwakadaro. Pasinei kubatwa of Moscow, Napoleon yakakundwa. Alexander akava zvikuru nevanhu uye inonyatsozivikanwa woumambo the Old World. Zvinonzi anonziwo "akasunungura Europe."

Mukati nyika yavo sezvo jaya, Alexander akaedza kushandisa norupo kuchinja. Historical Nhamba kazhinji kushandura mitemo yavo zera. Pano uye Alexander nokukurumidza vakasiya pfungwa dzavo. Akafa muna Taganrog muna 1825 pasi tsarukano.

Pakutanga ushe mukoma wake Nicholas I (1825-1855) paiva kumukira Decembrists. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, nokuti okupedzisira matatu apfuura, nyika vaipemberera kuchinja murayiro.

The yechipiri yezana XIX remakore

Heano zvose tsars yokuRussia kuti, pamwe Portraits. Zvinotevera hurukuro chinotaura pamusoro chikuru muvandudzi wokuRussia statehood - Alexander II (1855-1881). Akava Manifesto pamusoro initiator pakati kusunungurwa vanhuwo zvavo. Kuparadzwa feudalism vakabatsira kutanga Russian musika wacho uye capitalism. The nyika akatanga kukura kwoupfumi. The zvokuchinja vanobatwawo dzeutongi, yeko, vaitarira uye kuhondo gadziriro. The mambo aiedza kurera nyika patsoka dzacho uye kudzidza zvidzidzo waanobayira kurasikirwa ari Crimean War, atanga pasi Nicholas I.

Asi radicals vaiva zvinhu zvishomanana Alexander. Magandanga vakaramba vakaedza pamusoro hwake. Muna 1881, vakabudirira. Alexander II akaurayiwa nebhomba rakaputika. Mashoko zvakauya ndisingafungiri akazara nyika.

Nokuda chiitiko mwanakomana zvomufi mambo wacho, Alexander III (1881-1994) nokusingaperi akava vanachandagwinyira reactionary uye kuchinja. Asi zvikuru zvose anonzi ane rugare. Panguva yokutonga kwake, Russia haana kuitwa hondo chero.

mambo wokupedzisira

Muna 1894, Alexander III akafa. Power yakapfuura mumaoko Nicholas II (1894-1917) - mwanakomana wake wokupedzisira Russian mambo. Pakazosvika nguva nyika yekare kuti pamwe Mhedziso simba madzimambo nemadzimambo akararama richibatsira kwayo. Russia - kubva Rurik kusvikira Putin - aiziva zvakawanda nenyonganyonga, asi zvakanga pasi Nicholas navo kupfuura kare.

Muna 1904-1905. nyika akasangana hondo kunonyadzisa neJapan. It zvakateverwa wokutanga chimurenga. Kunyange zvazvo mhirizhonga akanga woutsinye, mambo aifanira kuita tobvuma kuti voruzhinji. Iye akabvuma kumisa munhu yepamutemo umambo uye paramende.

Madzimambo uye napurezidhendi Russia nguva dzose vakasangana nedzimwe nokushorwa mukati hurumende. Zvino vanhu vanogona vasanangurwa dzimwe nhengo dzeParamende avo vakaratidza idzodzi.

Muna 1914 Hondo Yenyika First. Hapana zvino vaifungira kuti yaizoguma kuwa anoverengeka hwacho, kusanganisira Russian. Muna 1917, February Revolution payakatanga, uye yokupedzisira chamber aifanira kupa. Nicholas II uye mhuri yake vakaurayiwa Bolsheviks iri yakavanda iri Ipatiev imba iri Yekaterinburg.