Kolumb Hristofor uye kuwanikwa America

Hristofor Kolumb akaberekerwa mumhuri Genoese romuruki-Draper muna 1451. Uduku remangwana aiongorora, mwanakomana mukuru mumhuri, vakapfuura vari kurukiswa workshop apo akabatsira baba vake basa. Zvisinei, kubvira vachiri vaduku kwaakadeya kurota pamusoro kure Reisen. Nechekare pakutanga 1470 kuti Kolumb Hristofor kutanga anopinda rine zvitoro rwendo. biographers vakawanda vakakurumbira vokuItaly vanodavira kuti munguva iyi akaberekwa pfungwa kuwana nzira itsva
India. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti pfungwa yakadaro aigona kuudza azivikanwe panguva yacho geographer uye zvomuchadenga Paolo Toscanelli.

New Nzira India

Panguva ino, unofanira kumbomira nemauto-enyika mamiriro ezvinhu muEurope panguva. Chokwadi ndechokuti zviri kumabvazuva kondinendi rakaramba Muslim hweTurkey. Somuenzaniso, muna 1453, yakanga akabatwa guru yekare Byzantine Empire - Constantinople (izvo pamazuva edu ndiro rakakura Turkish guta Istanbul). Umambo uhwu simba panguva XV remakore. chaizvoizvo akadzikatidza chaiwo sirika karavhani nzira kubva Europe kusvikira Asia nokuisa yakakwirira mabasa pamusoro vatengesi, uye kudzivisa kukura wezvokutengeserana kwakadaro. Zvisinei, nyika dzekumabvazuva nguva dzose akakwezva vagari Old World. Musaora mukurumbira ngano pamusoro nakisisa vanhu uye chinoshamisa upfumi East. Nezveizvi kwakamutsa pfungwa rokuwana mamwe detours kuMabvazuva, kunyanya mu India. Chokwadi zvirongwa zvakadaro, Inter Alia, achisimbisa "muduku" panguva nokufungidzira kuti sphericity Nyika.

The nomukurumbira rwendo kuna India

Kolumb Hristofor akasvika Portugal muna 1477, apo shamwari nevanhu, kwakachinja upenyu hwake zvachose. Kunyatsoziva nenhungamiro navigation, vawane ruzivo
mu kutenga nzendo, mufambi rokutanga vakaratidza pfungwa kuedza kuwana nzira India, rounding Afrkansky kondinendi. With kuroorwa, akatendeukira Portuguese mambo Juan III muna 1483. Zvisinei, munguva yemberi akawana chirongwa sezvisingadaviriki incredible mambo, uyewo prohibitively zvinodhura. Kolumb Hristofor akarambidzwa. Uyezve, nokuti mapfumbamwe akatevera, iye akapukunyuka mumwe kukundikana shanu zvakafanana. Saka kure muna 1492, rakafarirwawo rwendo haana kutenderwa. Wokutanga rwendo kufamba mugungwa vakapiwa August 3, 1492. Chaiva chikepe vashomashoma matatu "Pinta" "Nina" (chaizvoizvo "muduku") uye "Santa Maria". Nhau dzairamba sei vezvikepe mugwara, akaenda pamwe haana Africa, kusvikira kumavirira, anozivikanwa zvikuru. miviri chete pashure pemwedzi October 12, 1492 atova wakaora vafambisi vengarava vakaona pedyo kwenyika. Rakanga mumwe ano kuBahamas. Zvadaro, Columbus akaita nzendo dzakawanda matatu kusvika pamhenderekedzo mukondinendi itsva. Zvisinei, kurwara pashure rwendo wechina, akafa muna 1506. Ndezvokuti, haana kuziva kuti akaona kwete nenzira itsva uye kondinendi itsva. Izvi anomuudza nyika mumwe akakurumbira Italian - Amerigo Vespucci. Uye kukudzwa nokuvhura yokunzvenga nzira kuna India mubayiro Vasco da Gama.

Meaning wekushandisa Columbus, Great nenzvimbo yokutanga kazhinji

Kunze kondinendi kuti yakawanikwa pedyo Hristofor Kolumb, chakanga chisati yekudyidzana rokuchinja chiso yedu nyika. Kwete chete pachinhu nenzvimbo ruzivo, asiwo munyaya dzose woupenyu Old World. On mumisika European zvikazara zvigadzirwa zvitsva zvakawanda uye reserves ndarama American dzomunyika. Izvi kwakamutsa vanonzi chinyakare kuunganidza guta, kukura pamisika upfumi uye capitalism. Padikidiki kuzarura kondinendi pamusoro anotevera emakore mashoma, yava kumba vakawanda dzakadzidzvinyirira akavamba yavo ezvinhu pashure. nyika dzakawanda dzokuEurope vava yose dzayaitonga umambo, izvo kwete chete akaita zvizvarwa zvemo (kwete chete muna America asiwo mune dzimwe nyika) kushandira pachavo, asi zvakonzerawo kufarirwa European tsika-inobva munyika yose. Chokwadi, Kolumb Hristofor haasi iye oga kukanganiswa kukura kwenhoroondo yenyika zvikuru, mukuwedzera kwaari, paiva nemazana nevamwe vafambi, theorists uye vaikurudzira. Zvisinei, zviri Hapana mubvunzo mumwe wemapiyona mukurusa.