Kusunungurwa Budapest nemauto eSoviet

Muna March 1944, hondo pakati 2nd Ukrainian Front asvika pamuganhu Soviet Union uye Romania. Anoda kusvika makore matatu, vanhu veSoviet dzakarwiwa ropa hondo yeNazi nechisimba mundima yavo. Zvino zvakanga vakasununguka denda shava zvose rakundwa vaNazi European ndima. Asi kusvikira kwokupedzisira kukunda achiri kupfuura gore.

Chete muna September 1944 mauto eSoviet vakakwanisa vabate Bulgaria uye Romania uye kuenda pakarepo kuna miganhu muHungary uye Czechoslovakia. Fighting muHungary vaisiyana chaiyo ferocity uye kurasikirwa kukuru. Kazhinji, zvinoshanda kuzosunungura nyika Zvakatora mwedzi anopfuura matanhatu. Kuti tinzwisise chikonzero zviitiko izvi, vanotaura nhoroondo hwokupinda Hungary muNyika hondo. Nesuwo nezvazvo sei aiva kusunungurwa kweBudapest nemauto eSoviet (zvishomanana pamusoro ichi munyaya).

Mikova Hungary kuhondo pamwe Soviet Union

Results of World War First akaita kusagutsikana pakati muHungary vanhu. Ndianiko akarasikirwa guru yakawanda nharaunda kwavo nyika chaizvo muvadzose. Izvi ndizvo zvaiva chikonzero chikuru kuti akatungamirira hurumende kuti Miklós Horthy mumaoko maoko Germany. Kuedza kutsvaga rutsigiro Hitler zvavo maruramiro dzokuYugoslavia uye kuCzech nyika, Hungary vakazivisa kushaya wayo kubva chaMarudzi uye akabatana Tripartite chibvumirano.

De facto, nyika vakapinda Hondo Yenyika II muna April 1941, kuva nhengo kurwiswa yaHitler musi Yugoslavia. The hondo Soviet Union akatanga Hungary musi wa27 June 1941. Muna zvachose, vakatumirwa kuti kumabvazuva pamberi zana anoverengeka zviuru masoja, vakawanda vavo vakafa kana Stalingrad vakatorwa musungwa. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti chikamu 2nd Hungarian Army muSoviet Union vakanga kunyanya utsinye, kuparadza kwete chete varwi, asi vanhuwo zvavo.

By 1944 zvakava pachena kuti pokukundwa Germany - chete nyaya nguva. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, hurumende Horthy akatanga kutsvaka nzira kubva hondo. Pane zvave akurukure Britain neUnited States, izvo hazvina kupfuura kucherechedzwa Hitler. Führer, anotya kunyengera, I akapinda Hungary mauto eGermany uye pakusikwa hurumende munyika aifarira-German. Kusungwa vakakurumbira mukufambisira kudana nokuda kumira batana ukama Germany.

Asi zviito zvose izvi hazvisi chaizvo uye kwakabatsira. Zvinhu akarwarisa muna August 1944, apo Romania kurega kutsigira Germany uye akagamuchira mashoko Soviet Union, wakati aita kurutivi Anti-Hitler mubatanidzwa. Horthy akaita zvaari kutaurirana Soviet Hurumende kugumiswa ari yakawiriranwa ruvengo. Asi urongwa izvi havana akaziva.

Hitler uye ake chidzoyi hurumende achitungamirirwa Szálasi chakakonzerwa muHungary nokutyisa chaiyo. The nyika Haasisina kushandiswa, establishments zvose zvedzidzo uye yose kuunganidza akanzi. Hungary yakazivisa nani nhangemutange iri Danube munharaunda yose. It zve pokutapwa vaJudha mumisasa yorufu yeNazi.

Kutanga emauto kushanda of Red Army muHungary

Okuchembera zviumbu of Red Army iri munharaunda Hungary risafambira mberi kukuru nemishonga kubva muHungary uye German mapoka. Kunyange zvakadaro, dzakaita makore dzichipiwa anoparadzirwa uye Anti-Soviet anoparadzirwa aita basa rayo. Hungarians kunyanya kunyange reactionary Szálasi vakanga vagadzirira kutsigira asi kwete kupinda kubatana Russia.

Chokwadi, mumwe pamusoro muchiuto vakuru Hungary maiva vaya vakasarudza kuisa pasi zvombo zvavo uye kumisa ropa. Saka, muna October akavapa B. Miklós mutungamiri 1st Hungarian Army akadana redhiyo masoja kutevera muenzaniso wake. Kupfuura zviuru 10. Ake pasi vakaisa pasi maoko avo. mabasa akadaro akanga akanyorwa pakati zvimwe vezvikwata zviri 2nd uye 3rd hondo Hungarian. Asi raiva ichidonhedzera munyanza.

The chikuru basa akundwe boka Carpathian- Transylvanian muvengi akanzi kuti nevarwi 2nd Ukrainian Front pasi Marshal Malinovsky uye 4th Ukrainian Front pasi murayiro General Petrov. Vachiriita ari urongwa vaifanira kubvuta pemipata kuburikidza Eastern Carpathians, nekuvakunda, uye kukudziridza tsamwisa munharaunda yacho Tisza rwizi.

Directions dzinokosha Kurohwa aifanira kuchinja kakawanda. Izvi imhaka yokuti hondo 2nd Ukrainian Front aisagona kubata kuita hurongwa GHQ. Varambidzwa hombe muvengi kurwiswa. Asi, pasinei akaoma muchiuto mamiriro, uto Malinowski iri chero zvakafanira kukunda makomo Transylvania uye kusvika kuDebrecen. oparesheni Izvi chizadzike zviri dzakandipoteredza mauto eGermany ari Carpathians.

The tsamwisa itsva yakanzi yaizotongwa 6 October. Kunze nemauto eSoviet, akanga akapindwa mumapoka 22 Romanian. Hondo 2nd Criminal nokure mauto muvengi. Dambudziko raiva pamwero mukuru ane pamberi mutsetse (800 km) uye murombo logistics. Uye mhosva yakaparadzwa kuenda vokuGermany njanji uye migwagwa mhiri Romania.

rombo rakanaka vari kurwisa raiva kurutivi nemauto eSoviet. VokuGermany nyore haana kukosha zvivabatsire kuna kuDebrecen, vonyanya huru mauto kumucheto muBudapest. Afterthought, vanokurumidza vakatanga kukanda pasi kuDebrecen shanu michini mapoka. Asi zvakanga vanyanyononoka.

October 6 vakatanga akurumidze kufambira mberi mauto eSoviet. kuedza zvose nevaNazi kumisa kufambira mberi kwavo akakundikana. Hazvina kubatsira chero migodhi migwagwa, hapana airstrikes. Nezuva rimwe chete, kuti Red Army advance 50 km, zvichiita wandei kukuvara vashandi uye kwemashoko muvengi.

By October 10 nemapoka Soviet vakaumba 100-kiromita achikanganisa kupinda muvengi dzokuzvidzivirira. October 20, kuDebrecen akakwanisa pakupedzisira kunombata. Yaiva kubudirira inokosha nzira kurwisa, vakapiwa kuti kuDebrecen aiva kupfuura munhare kwevaNazi uye yechipiri pakukura guta muHungary.

Danho rechipiri rokutarisira zvinhu nderipi kuDebrecen

Haiwa, achitora kuDebrecen chose kubva mutambo uto Hungarian vakatadza. Akatevera zvinokosha kugarwa raiva guta Nyiregyhaza. City overlaps zvikuru nyore kuwana kuyambuka Tisza River. Murayiro "South" hondo mutariri kwemauto ichi nechemberi, akaita zvose kuchengeta guta, panguva iyoyowo kuedza zvekare kutonga kuDebrecen. Kubva 22 kusvika 27 October rinorema kurwa munzvimbo Nyiregyhaza. Somugumisiro, guta rakundwa. Asi chii mutengo!

The chikuru mukwikwidzi kuti kurwa - michini vamabhiza Corps pamusoro General Pileva - chakarasikirwa vakuru vanenge 10 zviuru uye mapurisa uye vanenge 17 zviuru vanhuwo, mazana zvombo, 250 dzehondo uye dzimwe Masimba muvengi, zvakare vakadzikama kukuvadzwa chakaitwa .... Asi chikuru chinhu - yakazadziswa Hondo kuDebrecen, October 28, uye chetatu wenharaunda Hungary, aiva maoko mauto eSoviet. The tsamwisa akatora mazuva 23 uye kutamira kunyika kusvika 275? Km. Asi tenderedza German uye Hungary muzvikamu kwakakundikana. Ivo vakadzokera shure, kutora zvitsva kudzivirira mitsetse, rimwe nerimwe, kuti avo zvikwereti, akaramba aine hasha zvikuru zvose zvinotaurwa tactical unyanzvi zvechiuto.

Danho rokutanga nokushanda Budapest

The tsamwisa muSoviet Budapest uye haizopereri kubatwa guta - chimwe chezvinhu pamwero mukuru uye kunzwisisa kuvhiyiwa yehondo. Kwakapararira mberi (420 km) murayiro nekutsvaga guru ravarwi ari 2nd Ukrainian Front, 3rd Ukrainian Front (mutungamiri - Marshal Tolbukhin), hondo 1st uye 4th Romanian uye Danube Flotilla. длилось более трех месяцев. Kusunungurwa Budapest kubva vaNazi kwemwedzi inopfuura mitatu.

On October 29 kurutivi Soviet akakwirira vari varwi nezvombo vakanga pachena. Ndokusaka General Headquarters rakavhomorwa inopenya tarisiro mheni kunogumbura musi muBudapest. Malinowski haana kupa kunyange shanu mazuva akakumbirirwa gadziriro weuto dzakabatana.

началось 29 октября силами частей 46-й армии (2-й УФ). Kusunungurwa Budapest nemauto eSoviet vakatanga October 29 mauto zvikamu 46TH Army (2nd UV). Mumazuva okutanga yava vakashanduka kwazvo. Vaora mwoyo chikamu mauto Hungarian ichidzokera mu rakati nyangarara kuna muBudapest. November 5 kuchivanze kuzvidzivirira Budapest yokunzvenga akanga asina kupfuura 15 km. замедлилось. Zvino kusunungurwa Budapest kubva vaNazi kufambira. Zvange murombo okunze uye zvitengeswa vasingakoshi. Plus pamuzinda, kwakasarudzwa vaironga kuunganazve mauto, kuti arege kuzviisa pangozi hondo 2nd uye 4th michini Corps, uyo vokutanga vakaita nzira dzavo muHungary guta.

Zvivako Vose dzakaiswa muna 7th Guards Army, iyo vakarwa pamusoro yokumadokero kumahombekombe erwizi. Yews, kuwedzera bridgehead. Nechekare November 4, vakakwanisa kubata matatu chete nemisha: Szolnok, Abony uye Cegléd. Yakaomesesa nguva kurwisa kwaiva kuyambuka Tisza. Nzizi kunge yekudyidzana makawedzera mvura pamwero murwizi. Crossing zvinoreva kuvakazve kuti kuparadzwa nemoto muvengi. Kana mamwe mapoka vakakwanisa kuyambuka, vakabva vokuGermany yemabhuku-vakarwisa kubva pachiuno, kuedza ndiparadzemo kuyambuka uye yakadonha.

Kurwisa rechipiri musi muBudapest

Kurwiswa wechipiri guta rakatanga musi 11 November. Panguva iyi, boka German-Hungary panguva nzvimbo yaiva kwayo simba, uye 2 weCriminal Code kutambura akakurumbira varasikirwa. Asi kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu vashoma vachiri rakanga kudivi mauto eSoviet.

Pashure pfupi atirari yakawanda nevarwi 7th Guards Corps yakatanga inogumbura yakananga Jaszbereny uye Hatvan. East akaita michini vamabhiza Corps pamusoro General Pileva uye yechi23 warrior Brigade, uye ndinoiitawo 4th uye 6 Guards vamabhiza Corps. Vangadai kubvuta guta Dendesh.

Full-pamwero tsamwisa iri kudzivirira mudslides, understaffing akafanana, kubviswa kukundikana vakawanda vatariri uye kushaya munhu waya yokukurukurirana. German-Hungary dzakabatana akanga yekudyidzana kuipa. Vakashaya pasi dzakabatana. Asi vakawedzera basa ndege German. Asi kunyange mudenga kunokwana 5th Air Army aiva paanopfuura 2nd UV.

November 25 nemauto eSoviet akakunda guta Hatvan - raiva yokupedzisira kubudirira wechipiri kurwisa ari pamusoro muBudapest. Guta guru Hungary yaiva denderedzwagama. Asi pakupedzisira uzvirasire mauto eSoviet vaida nguva yokugadzirira.

Tora kweBudapest

The tsamwisa mutsva akatanga mangwanani musi December 20, kuparadzanisa hondo 3rd kuUkraine Front. Vaifanira kuita nzira yavo Danube kumavirira Esztergom. Izvi aizobvumira chakakandirwa kupedza encirclement revarwi muvengi munharaunda muBudapest.

Kufambira mberi vakanga risafambira mberi munzvimbo dzakaoma: vakawanda zvikomo uye pazvikomo havabvumirwi kufambisa zvinobudirira michini dzakabatana. Uye zvose chikomo vaNazi aishandiswa bhuku points.

December 22 6 Panzer Army (2nd UV) uye zvikamu 3rd Ukrainian Front akakwanisa vabatane vakapoteredza pamuromo rwizi Hron. Pakazopera December 27, vakakwanisa kumativi ese muHungary-German chikamu okumusoro-kumadokero muBudapest. Uwandu navo 188,000 (10 nemapoka uye wandei dzakasiyana).

Zvino zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti asunungure muBudapest. Asi zvakanga zvakaoma chaizvo. Kumadokero cheguta rave yachinjwa kuva simba rakavakirirwa. Plus, pamusoro muraire Budapest Hitler kubva Germany vakaunzwa mamwe mauto. Iyewo kwakatsiva hondo mutungamiri "South", vakagadzwa kuti nzvimbo O. Weller panzvimbo I. Friessner.

December 29 divi Soviet, kwakasarudzwa kutumira nhume kuna pfungwa vakande mapfumo pasi: Group Captain Ostapenko - kuna Buda, boka Captain Steinmetz - muna Pest. The chikumbiro haana kugamuchirwa, uye nhume akaurayiwa. Zvakatanga kubviswa mauto muvengi.

Kubva 2 kusvika January 26, kuedza murayiro German akawanda kukanda mauto eSoviet kukurira-kurwisa. Panguva iyi, pedyo Budapest vakawanda zvose zvamapoka German warrior uye motorized vakanga dzichiitika. Asi Malinowski uye michini dzakabatana Tolbukhina kukwanisa kuratidza zvose muvengi kurwiswa.

Kurwisana muguta

Hondo kuvhiyiwa muBudapest Budapest muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano wamapoka pasi murayiro M. Afonin rakarongwa (sezvo 22 January - I. M. Managarova). Chaiva zvina pfuti Corps, 83rd Marine Brigade, chikamu 5th Air Army, iyo atirari uye 7th Romanian kwedzimba 183 Tank Brigade.

Kusunungurwa Budapest aiva pedyo, asi chiitiko ichi aifanira rakadeurwa yakawanda ropa. By January 18 reSoviet mauto pamwe vatsigire Romanians dzakapasanura napakati kusvikira kumabvazuva munzvimbo Pest uye akatora rworuboshwe-pamahombekombe chikamu guta, kunyange vokuGermany vakarwa chaizvo kweinenge ose chivakwa. Hondo dzairwiwa uye pasi pevhu - iri mapaipi tikurukure. The Pest ari mumamiriro ezvinhu aiva mumwe zana kuzviuru ravarwi vokuGermany. Asi chikamu vavengi akakwanisa kuvhuna kubva mhete. Varidza kumusoro mabhiriji wandei mhiri Danube, vakakwanisa kutizira Buda.

Kurudyi kumahombekombe kubatwa zvakatora anenge mumwe mana mavhiki. Kunyange pakutanga Marshal Tolbukhin basa oparesheni iyi haisi kupfuura zuva. Taifanira tiite pachake duku kurwisa zvikwata ake. Aviation, kwakasarudzwa kwete kushandisa, kuti varege kuparadza munhau chikamu muguta. Nechikonzero chimwe chete, zvakanga kushandiswa zvishoma zvikuru atirari.

Pakurwisana ndichava zviuru zvishomanana masoja Hungarian vakatora chikamu, nokuzvidira aisa musungwa uye kushandira pamwe vezvikwata zviri Red Army. February 13 pashure nezano akaedza vakasara veboka ravarwi German pasi murayiro Karl chili-Wildenbruch chena mureza uye mapfumo. Musi kusunungurwa Budapest - February 13, 1945

Nepo Moscow pamusoro mirairo Mukuru Wehondo akakwazisa varume - the vakundi of fronts maviri akaedza kurambidza boka 500 - 600 vanhu vakapukunyuka kubva vokuGermany uye Hungarians muBudapest. The chikuru Basa iri kuvaparadza akanzi kune 46TH Army 3rd UV.

In yose, panguva oparesheni kuti kusunungurwa kweBudapest (wava - 02.13.1945) yakaparadzwa mauto muvengi anenge 50 zviuru 138 zviuru akabatwa ...

Menduru "Nokuti akakunda kweBudapest"

In April 1945 (gore wokusunungurwa nemauto eSoviet muBudapest), apo zvaiva pachena kuti vose kuti kwokupedzisira kukundwa Germany - ndiyo pfupi, mukuru General Logistics Khrulev arayira boka Artists kutanga zvaMambo Medals kusunungurwa uye maguta ari sokuronga inokosha European. Pashure uwane uongororwe zvose aronga yokunyora nokudhirowa kubudikidza Presidium of USSR Supreme Council June 9, 1945 iye akasaina chirevo pamusoro pokugadzwa menduru "Nokuti akakunda kweBudapest". Paakavapa wake zvose vechikamu zvakananga vari kurwisa, akatora mugove hondo muHungary guta kubva 20 Zvita 1944 kusvika 15 February 1945. Muna yose, mazita paakavapa menduru kuti kusunungurwa kweBudapest rine vanopfuura zviuru 360. Man. Kana musoja akanga paakavapa paakanga afa ari menduru pamwechete ake mubayiro zvitupa vaifanira zvakaitika inotevera kuti hama sechinhu keepsake.

Menduru nokuti kusunungurwa kweBudapest (mufananidzo une mukana kuona munyaya) inofanira akatasva parutivi chipfuva rworuboshwe. Ndicho wokutanga munhevedzano, uye pamberi menduru "Nokuti Victory pamusoro Japan" - wechipiri.

Mari iri kuna rechi50 gore Victory mu Great Patriotic War

February 14, 1995 nokuda rechi50 gore kukunda mari 3 rubles yakabudiswa Kukuru Patriotic War.

• Avers: pamusoro pamwe nomukombero rakanyorwa nemasangano uye gore resununguro, nechepasi - BANK OF RUSSIA. Pakati (mu Dziine akaiendesa) - nomufananidzo Spasskaya Tower of Moscow Kremlin, mukati nomukombero - Monogram Mint MMD.

• harungashandurwi: Unoratidza Masoja mana Soviet (vachirwa pakanyorwa mapurani Zvivako kweBudapest). Zvakanyorwa pamwe nomukombero: "The kusunungurwa Europe kubva fascism," "Budapest 13.02.1945, ari" (Kumusoro uye pasi, ukuwo).

rubatsiro Red Army muna kudzorera Hungarian mamiriro

Pamusoro kuzoita muHungary mamiriro michini, utungamiriri Soviet akatanga kufunga zvakanaka mugumo Budapest kushanda pamberi. Mukuru basa kwaari wakange magadzirirwe kumapati aifarira-Soviet. Hwaro hwavo kwaiva kuva munharaunda Anti-hwechiFascist bloc, uye vakadzoka vachibva kuutapwa nhengo Hungarian Communist Party.

Musi waDecember 2, nyika akasikwa muHungary National Independence Front. Matare National Its vakazoroorwa akapa rutsigiro zvainoreva zvachose kubviswa yechiFascist mauto munharaunda Hungary. Zvakanga avo kunze kudzorerwa wakaparadzwa kurapa Hungarian upfumi. In yechipiri yezana December yakatanga basa rayo zviri dikidiki National Assembly uye dikidiki National Government.

To vehurumende izvi zvinogona zvakachengeteka unoshanda, ari Military Council of 2nd UV akarayirwa kuti vavape zvokudya, peturu, kudzivirira nzvimbo.

December 28, 1944 GNP asarudza kusada yechiFascist mubatanidzwa uye nokuzivisa kurwa Germany. Hungary dzakasaina imwe nguva yekumbotaurirana, kwete chete Soviet Union, asiwo Great Britain neUnited States. Panguva yacho chibvumirano munyika raishanda omubatanidzwa Control Commission, iyo tasked kutungamira Voroshilov.

Mushure kubatwa kweBudapest ine zvokudya vemo vakatumirwa murayiro yeSoviet. Residents zvakave matani anopfuura 5 yezviyo matani 100 ezviyo. A varwi vechiduku Hungarian Soviet nyore zvokudya kubva kumunda dzekubikira.

Results kusunungurwa kweBudapest

Munguva oparesheni, chikamu Budapest Army Group "South" zvikuru irreparable kwaitwa. Paakarasikirwa 56 nemapoka uye brigades. Germany vakarasikirwa yokupedzisira shamwari uye mafuta Hungarian. Kuchinjwa 37 Wehrmacht mapoka kubva kumabvazuva mberi muHungary uye kuparadza kwavakazoita zvakagadzirira kuti zvimwe nokukurumidza chinotangira mauto eSoviet kumavirira. Budapest Capture akabvumira Red Army kunyange pedyo kusvika kumaodzanyemba bapiro weuto muvengi, uye aivabatsira rimwe kurwisa Vienna uye Prague.

kukura kwayo kwaiva nzira uye nzira dzinoshandiswa kuti kurwisa mauto eSoviet. Budapest mashandiro murayiro kwakaratidza zvikanganiso ari maitiro rehondo akadaro.

The huru akaipa aiva irreplaceable kurasikirwa neupenyu hwevanhu. Mudzimu kusunungurwa Budapest kubva vaNazi (the wava - February 13, 1945) kunozivikanwa sendarama weropa ose European nemauto kushandiswa. Kukunda akaenda mari vanopfuura zviuru 80 upenyu nemasoja. Akuvara vanopfuura zviuru 240.