Chii zvokufananidzira zviri mabhuku?

Zvokufananidzira mumabhuku rinowanika kekutanga munguva Renaissance, izvo aiita kuti "haradhi" tsika uye kushandiswa inonakidza kuona mufananidzo, kubvira kare. Chokutanga, rangano anoshanda zvinhu zvakavakirwa mubatanidzwa zvakapesana - rufu uye kuberekwa, pasi uye yakakwirira kunzwa kuipa uye runako. Uye gare gare akava nechirwere kudanana zvokufananidzira unokosha chokuratidza inofambidzana nokupopota dissonance, iyo inotaura unosuruvarisa kusapindirana kuti chinangwa chaicho uye yakanaka, kushandisa michina uye necrosis upenyu, uyewo kukanganisa yayo inokosha zvinhu.

Kazhinji zvokufananidzira mumabhuku rinova yakasiyana uye kumboitika runyararo, uchirwisana vachena hwezuva nezuva chokwadi uye upenyu hwezuva nezuva. Kusvika pamwero wakati, izvozvo muganhu pamusoro ingano, sezvo vanyori uye vadetembi akareva kushandisa ngano uye tarenda mifananidzo, rarama zvinhu zvisina upenyu uye kupa mhuka unhu hwevanhu hunhu. Zvokufananidzira mumabhuku kuonekwa nemabasa Genres siyana - mu rengano, enganonyorwa, nyaya.

Rimwe pachena mienzaniso iyi muitiro inofambidzana rakanyorwa Saltykov-Shchedrin kuti ngano "The Bear mudunhu", apo nzira mhuka iri kuenda "Kuparadzwa" ari kuyunivhesiti uye dzimba kudhinda, vakavanda clueless bureaucrat. Uyezve, panyaya kwete ikapenya pfungwa mubati akashandisa mashoko okuti "stuffed musoro", inobatanidzwa nemakaro mumiririri hurumende. Nzira dzakadaro rakaiswa mune dzinonakidza uye Bulgakov kuti yokufungidzira "Tenzi uye Margarita", apo vaverengi kuona munhu noshamisa mubatanidzwa Muscovites zvezuva nezuva zvinoshamisa Voland.

Gogol kuti okugadzira zvinhu

Natural ukama uye kubatana zviri mabasa vari musoro, riri kunyanya kuoneka mu Gogol kuti "The Mhuno." Saka, munyori anorondedzera kunyangarika Kovalev mhuno, akapukunyuka kubva "tenzi" uye kudzoka kwake hunotevedzana kune asingatsananguriki kunzvimbo. Kuongorora zvokufananidzira mumabhuku, mienzaniso zviri kuri mune dzimwe mabasa munyori zvinogona dzoga kuonana kuchipesana mananara uye juxtaposition mukuru uye pasi manzwiro kazhinji kwaanoda enyambo matauriro.

Izvi kunonyatsooneka "Old World Varidzi", apo inobatanidzwa zvokudya wakasununguka mararamiro, uye rakadzika pfungwa pamunhu mumwe - pamwe dzakakwirira dzevanhu mano. Nokuti "The jazi" kunoratidzwa nemashoko chinyakare kweshoko kuti kushandisa michina, apo mumwe munhu anomanikidzwa kuita zvinodiwa nezviremera. ezvinhu akadaro - chinhu chinokosha nomufananidzo Akaky, iyo, pasinei kwayo enyambo, chinhu vasingafari murume.

Pakusikwa Soviet Writers

Works mabhuku rakanyorwa Gogol, chakabata basa nevamwe vanyori makore 60-70 ane XX remakore. chiratidzo ichi huri unhu prose kwaDhanieri Sinyavsky, ane dzimwe shanduro dzokududzira Gogol kuti nyaya. Uyezve, zvakanyorwa Voinovich ari "chivharo" iri dzakateerera muverengi achawana zvinenge zvakananga mashoko mashoko kuti dzave ataurwa munyaya "The jazi."

Nokuda zvokufananidzira poetics, papera vanyori, uyo akararama muzana remakore nepakati maviri, akaratidza phantasmagoric, ndakashata uye kujairika hunhu yeSoviet kurongeka munzanga. In 1970 pakava chinokosha mukaha pakati magariro uye pfungwa mutauro vashandi dzebato uye chipo kare nhamo, vakakoniwa asi kukanganisa basa vanhu vakashinga. Zvokufananidzira mumabhuku zvinowanzoshandiswa Maramzin V., J. Huberman, Zinoviev, V. Aksenov, zvisinei Yu Aleshkovsky, Alexander Galich,, nokuda asiri uchiwirirana zvidzidzo mabasa avo Soviet Pfungwa zvekungofungira, vanyori ava dzakamanikidzwa kutama.