Chii mabhuku muitiro

Shoko rokuti "mabhuku muitiro" anogona kutaura kujairana ayo tsanangudzo munhu vadhakwa. Nekuti hazvina pachena chii zvichiitika, chii chinonzi, chii chinodiwa uye pane rudzii mitemo. Munyaya ino, tichakurukura ongorora muudzame pfungwa iyi. Pfungwa dzakapiwa mabhuku basa rechi19 uye rechi20 emakore.

Ndeipi mabhuku muitiro?

Pfungwa iyi inoreva kuti:

• upenyu rokusika mune raora chokwadi uye mananara imwe nyika iri imwe nguva;
• mabhuku budiriro munyika yose mupfungwa, kusanganisira yavapo, tsika uye nyika.

Kana kushandisa izwi rechipiri mupfungwa kazhinji vanoshandisa shoko rokuti "nhoroondo-mabhuku muitiro".

Kazhinji, dzidziso rinotsanangura nhoroondo kuchinja nyika uye nyika mabhuku, izvo zvikamuka, vanongoerekana kushamwaridzana nomumwe.

In Pandaidzidza izvi vaongorori vagadzirise matambudziko akawanda, ramakagadzwa huru ndiye inonzi yakapedza wokufananidzira siyana, mazano, kufamba uye nezvemaitiro nevamwe.

simba vanyori

The mabhuku kwacho uye zvaisanganisira nevanyori avo zvinoyevedza nzira dzavo itsva uye kuedza vane mutauro uye chimiro yokuchinja nzira kuti tsananguro kwenyika uye murume. Zvisinei, vanyori kuti zvavanenge vawana haisi kubva muvare, nekuti vachava kuvimba zvakaitika zvavo vamutangira, vaigara munyika yake uye kunze. Kureva, munyori anoshandisa anenge ose mifananidzo ruzivo rwevanhu. Kubva ichi tinogona kugumisa kuti pane hondo romubati pfungwa akwegura uye itsva, uye ose itsva mabhuku kufamba aisa nheyo dzaro okusika, izvo, kwakavakirwa tsika, asi dambudziko ravo.

Evolution of nhungamiro uye Genres

Saka mabhuku muitiro kunosanganisira Kushanduka Genres. Saka, muzana remakore rechi17 vanyori French vakazivisa panzvimbo Baroque, achigamuchira hwechido vadetembi uye playwrights, ari chaiwo misimboti, chinoda zvaidiwa nemitemo inoomesera. Zvisinei, kare muzana remakore rechi19 paiva dzorudo, vakaramba zvose mitemo uye akadanidzira rusununguko the artist. Realism yakabuda ipapo ndokudzingwa kuzviitira romanticism uye akaisa mberi zvinodiwa zvavo mabasa. Uye shanduko munzvimbo idzi - sezvo chikamu mabhuku muitiro, uyewo zvikonzero neakatanga, uye vanyori kushanda mukati kwavari.

Usakanganwa pamusoro Genres. Saka, kuti yokufungidzira, chikuru uye yakakurumbira zvikuru Genre, akamborara vanopfuura mumwe shanduko romubati dzenzvimbo uye kuitika. Uye zvakanzi dzakachinjwa ose zera. Somuenzaniso, mumwe mukuru muenzaniso yokufungidzira of Renaissance - "Don Quixote" - rakasiyana "Robinson Crusoe", rakanyorwa panguva Kujekerwa, uye vose vari dissimilar nemabasa O. of Balzac, Victor Hugo, Charles Dickens.

Russian mabhuku remakore rechi19

Mabhuku muitiro 19. Zviri mufananidzo nani kunzwisisa. Panguva ino, iyo Kushanduka yakaoma realism. Uye vamiriri ichi muitiro vari N. V. Gogol, A. S. Pushkin, I. S. Turgenev, Ivan Goncharov, F. M. Dostoevsky uye A. P. Chehov. Sezvaunogona kuona, basa vanyori izvi zvakasiyana zvikuru, zvisinei, vose ndezvaJehovha chete chokubuda. Muchidzidzo ichi mabhuku panhau iyi, anotaura kwete chete rikava munhu akazvimiririra wevanyori, asiwo kuchinja ari realism uye nzira yokunzwisisa nyika uye murume.

Mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi19 romanticism chikatsiviwa "rwokuzvarwa chikoro", riri kare pakati remakore rakatanga kuonekwa sechinhu kuti kunotadzisa kuti pakuzadzisa mabhuku. F. Dostoevsky uye NdiTolstoy vari kutanga batanidza zvikuru kukosha psychologism mumabasa ake. Raiva Danho idzva iri kukura realism muchiRussia, uye "rwokuzvarwa chikoro" yechinyakare. Zvisinei, izvi hazvirevi kuti zvapfuura nzira chokubuda kurega kushandisa. Mukupesana, idzva mabhuku kufamba chinayo vatana, aoma ndokusiya iri kwayo aripo chimiro, iri zvishoma dzakachinjwa. Asi usakanganwa pamusoro simba vemamwe mabhuku Russian, uyewo, sezvinei, mabhuku Russian kuti mhiri kwemakungwa.

mabhuku Western remakore rechi19

Mabhuku urongwa remakore rechi19 muEurope inosanganisira munzvimbo huru mbiri - romanticism uye realism. Vose vavo vava kupangidza enhoroondo zviitiko iyi. Yeuka kuti panguva ino pane zveupfumi, okutanga mafekitari, kuvaka railroads nezvakadaro. Panguva iyoyo, pane French Revolution, izvo zvakaita kuti kwebope uye Europe yose. Zviitiko izvi, Chokwadi, zvinoratidzwa mabhuku, chose akasiyana nzvimbo: Romanticism anotsvaka kunzvenga chokwadi uye kuumba nyika yakarurama; realism - kuongorora zviri kuitika uye edza kuchinja chokwadi.

Romanticism kuti yakabuda mukupera remakore rechi18, zvishoma nezvishoma achiva zvisingachashandi akapoteredza pezana remakore rechi19. Asi realism, kunoitika chete pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi19 kusvikira pakuguma remakore kuri kuwedzera. Chinogadzirisa kutungamirira achibuda realism uye anozivisa pacharo munenge 30-40 makore.

realism kukurumbira imhaka yaro evanhu wezwi, rave akarayira noruzhinji panguva.

Mabhuku remakore rechi20 Russia

Mabhuku muitiro 20. Zviri kunzwisisa chaizvo, zvikuru uye zvakawanda, kunyanya Russia. Izvi wakakodzera, kunyanya, kuti emigre mabhuku. Writers avo tadzorwa kubva kumusha kwavo mushure 1917 chimurenga, akaramba kunyora kunze, mberi mabhuku netsika kare. Asi chii chiri kuitika muRussia? Pano motley siyana dzinokura pfungwa, akadana Silver Age, nechisimba akadzokera kune anonzi mugovanisi realism. Uye zvose kuedza ringabviswa vanyori iye utsinye chaizvo. Kunyange zvakadaro, mabasa akasika asi kwete rakabudiswa. Pakati vanyori izvi - Akhmatova, Zoshchenko, kubva papera vanyori mhandu -. Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Benedict Erofeev, etc. nomumwe wevanyori izvi anopfuudzira mabhuku netsika kwezana remakore rechi20, pamberi vasvike mugovanisi realism. The dzinonakidza zvikuru chinhu panyaya iyi basa "Moscow - Petushki" rakanyorwa V. Yerofeyev muna 1970 uye yakabudiswa muna West. detembo iri - mumwe tanga mienzaniso postmodern mabhuku.

Kusvikira pakuguma Soviet Union anenge asina akadhindwa chigadzirwa, kwete ukama evanhu realism. Zvisinei, pashure pokuwa simba inotanga chaizvoizvo mambakwedza bhuku kutsikisa. Rakabudiswa zvose zvakanyorwa muzana remakore rechi20, asi zvairambidzwa. Kune vanyori vatsva vanoramba tsika mabhuku Silver Age, iyo zvakarambidzwa uye vatorwa.

mabhuku Western remakore rechi20

Western mabhuku urongwa remakore rechi20 riri dzinoratidzwa pedyo nezvichaitika munhau, zvikurukuru rokutanga uye rechipiri dzenyika. Zviitiko izvi zvikuru chaizvo Europe.

In mabhuku remakore rechi20 mune nzvimbo mbiri zvikuru - modernism uye postmodernism (Makore 70 ikoko). Boka rokutanga zvinosanganisira zvakadai kuitika existentialism, expressionism, surrealism. Kana modernism ichi zvakajeka uye kuzviita kupfuura munguva yokutanga yezana remakore rechi20, ipapo nokupa pasi zvishoma nezvishoma postmodernism.

mhedziso

Nokudaro, mabhuku muitiro - mubatanidzwa dzinokura, mirayiridzo, uye mabasa nevanyori yezviitiko zvinokosha iri kukura kwavo. Azorore iri pamusoro mabhuku runoita kunzwisisa mitemo mhando riripo uye chii yakafurira shanduka zvayo. Kutanga mabhuku muitiro unogona kunzi chigadzirwa wokutanga akasikwa nevanhu, uye kuguma richasvika chete kana isu tisisipo.