General Relativity: kubva dzinokosha pakutsvakurudza dzinoshanda mafomu

Special uye mukuru dzidziso relativity - chimwe chezvishamiso zvikuru nebudiriro pfungwa dzevanhu. Vakanga akagadzira pakutanga rokupedzisira remakore uye vaiva chikamu chimwe yevanhu budiriro kunzwisisa mamiriro enyika. Zvisinei, pakati pavo pane unoshamisa musiyano, riri kuti chokutanga dzidziso, kunyange zvinopesana kwakajairika pfungwa, aiva chezvaizoitika ari zvavo pakati observational chokwadi. General relativity akanga zvinobikwa pfungwa yetsvakurudzo. Kutaura zvazviri, kwaiva chaiyo rezvedzidzo Feat nezvoMusiki ayo yefizikisi yokuGermany Alberta Eynshteyna.

Albert Einstein akabudisa basa rake, iro yakatanga akagadzira mukuru dzidziso relativity muna 1915. Kufanana naizvozvo zvakawanda wefizikisi ano, dzidziso iyi haienderani yedu nzwisisa pfungwa pamusoro nyika. Ray Dinverno akati: "Chokwadi, njere achikwakuka kuti wakatora Einstein kuuya kubva chinokosha relativity kune mukuru - mumwe mukuru munhoroondo yevanhu ...". Eynshtneyn pachake ari tsamba kuna wandaiziva akabvuma: "Handina kumbobvira vakashanda nesimba zvakadaro ... tichienzanisa mukuru dzidziso relativity, pakutanga dzidziso - mwana wacho kutamba ...".

Maererano rinokosha dzidziso relativity, nguva uye nzvimbo Havazvimiririri zvinhu. Mukupesana, vari kuratidzwa akasiyana rimwe chete nzvimbo-nguva. Relationships pakati nguva uye nzvimbo anoona zvakasiyana bhuku mapuranga kutamira pamwe velocities zvakasiyana. Izvi, kunyanya, zvinotungamirira kuti zviitiko zviviri kuti mawa kuonekwa kune mumwe mucherechedzi kunogona kuitika panguva dzakasiyana mamwe.

Zvisinei, dzidziso iyi haitsananguri yezvakaita mauto kukwezvana. Izvi akaita mukuru dzidziso relativity. Postulates izvozvo, kuwedzera kunyatsogona chaiye pfungwa yaiva chinyorwa pamusoro vasingasiyani kubatana kwenyaya uye nzvimbo-nguva. Akati kuti simba regiravhiti nokuda curvature nzvimbo, chii chiri kuitika kumativi zvinhu zvinhu. Nemamwe mashoko, nyaya, nzvimbo rinoratidza sei kuti munyonga, uye nzvimbo anotiudza nyaya sei kutama.

Saka, dzidziso iyi anopa mufananidzo wakakwana, umo nzvimbo-nguva yemitambo siyana nezvokuvapo nyaya, uye, Ukuwo, nyaya yacho inosarudza ehupfumi ayo.

The vakawanda Dzidziso relativity - munhu pakona chinokosha nesayenzi. Pasinei neizvi, iye akanga paakavapa Nobel Prize muna 1993 chete. Iye akamuka zvokuongorora nyeredzi, nyika Halz uye Taylor kuti utsanangurirwe precession of binary pulsar - hurongwa zvinosanganisira Nyuturoni nyeredzi maviri. Munguva ichangopfuura, muna 2011, mumwe Nobel Prize akanga paakavapa kuti mupiro wake dzidziso iri cosmology uye tsanangudzo wezvose wacho kuwedzera.

Uye kunyange zviri kunyora nezvavo migumisiro panyika uye pedyo-Earth nzvimbo, ine zvinokosha chaizvo inoshanda mafomu. Most zvichida, chinonyanya kukosha vavo - ndiwo maitiro pose Positioning, dzakadai American GPS uye Russian GLONASS. Dzakakudzingai migumisiro relativity dzidziso, izvi hurongwa vaizova kweinenge ndarayira zvikuru zvishoma yakarurama. Saka, kana iwe - muridzi foni pamwe GPS maitiro, mukuru dzidziso relativity inoshanda pamusoro pako.