Kimberlite kwemangoda nyere - chikuru rakavhurika gomba nedhaimani mugodhi. Wokutanga kimberlite mutopota

Kimberlite nyere riri kutwasuka kana pedyo zvakadaro Geological muviri, iyo yakaumbwa kubudikidza kupaza ari goko magasi. mbiru iyi inozivikanwa yakakura zvechokwadi kukura. Kimberlite nenyere ane chimiro kuti chakafanana twakadai chikuru kana girazi. Yokumusoro chikamu - ndizvo hofori kuzvimba conical chimiro, asi pamwe kudzama zviri zvishoma nezvishoma kujekesa uye pakupedzisira achipinda mune tsinga. Kutaura zvazviri, imwe Geological muviri ndiko chinhu rinoputika yekare, nyika yaiva zvikuru kuparadzwa kukonzerwa pezvakaitwa mhando.

Chii kimberlite?

Ichi acho ari dombo, chine phlogopite, pyrope, olivine nezvimwe zvicherwa. Kimberlite zvakasiyana rikasviba greenish uye rinokwanisa kucheneruka tint. Panguva iyoyo, pane zvinopfuura chiuru zvitunha akati zvinhu, gumi muzana vavo ndezvaJehovha nedhaimani inotungamirwa. Nyanzvi dzinoti vanenge 90% matanda ose anopa nedhaimani vari kusimbiswa kimberlite zvikwepa, uye akasara 10% - mu lamproite.

Puzzles chokuita kwakabva mangoda

Pasinei zvidzidzo zvakawanda mune nedhaimani deposits, masayendisiti ano vachiri kukwanisa kutsanangura zvimwe chokuita matangiro uye kuvapo matombo aya anokosha.

Chirahwe rimwe: nei kimberlite mutopota iri zvachose platforms yekare uye nhoo, izvo kupfuura yakatsiga uye vakashinga inoperera of goko? Nekuti Ukobvu akaturikidzana izvi ndizvo 40 makiromita matombo rinoumbwa basalt, girenayiti, uye vamwe. Chii kunodiwawo simba kuita budiriro yakadaro?! Sei kimberlite nenyere musisiri iri pakakwirira simba, uye hapana kupfuura nhete Somuenzaniso, penyanza uriri, pakukora riri makiromita, kana kuchinja munyika dzine chete gumi - iri kumuganhu nyanza pamwe makondinendi? Pashure pezvose, munzvimbo idzi mazana ose anoputika ... Kuti tipindure mubvunzo uyu, Vanodzidza havagoni.

Chimwe chakavanzika ndiye inoshamisa kimberlite mutopota chimiro. Kutaura zvazviri, zvinoita haruzvitsvakiri somunhu mutopota, asi - pamusoro girazi kuti Champagne: mumwe cône chikuru padzinde nhete, iyo achienda udzamu.

Third chakavanzika chokuita kujairika siyana zvicherwa zviri namatombo dzakadaro. zvicherwa zvose kuti crystallize mune yakaumbwa magma kuumba zvakajeka rinocheka crystals. Mienzaniso rinogona apatite, zircon, olivine, Garnet, ilmenite. Vari rinoparadzirwa mu kimberlites, asi haina kuva sekristaro zviso uye kuyeuchidza rwizi hurungudo. Kuedza All kune Vanodzidza kuwana mhinduro chirahwe ichi kana pasina. Zvisinei, mangoda kuti vari pedyo vakati zvicherwa, vane akanaka chimiro octahedrons, iyo inozivikanwa nokuva unopinza micheto.

How kuzodana wokutanga kimberlite mutopota

The rokutanga mitumbi izvi Geological kuti akawanikwa uye nyanzvi nevanhu, iri kumaodzanyemba kwenyika yacho African muna Kimberley Province. Zita munharaunda yazova zita mhuri kuti mitumbi yose yakadai, uyewo dombo raiva mangoda. chubhu ichi chokutanga kunonzi "Big Hole", zviri vaiona mabasa mukurusa kuti vanhu zvave pasina kushandiswa kwemichina. Pari, iye simba pacharo uye Nde kukwezvana kweguta. Kubva 1866 kusvika 1914, yokutanga kimberlite nenyere akapa 2722mkg nedhaimani Developers, rinomiririra mamiriyoni 14,5 carats. The matombo vanenge 50 zviuru vanhu, vari kushandisa nefoshoro mapiki zvikaramba vanenge mamiriyoni 22.5 matani ivhu. Area Development riri 17 hectares, ayo mukomberedzo - 1,6? Km uye upamhi - 463 M Depth matombo aiva makubhiti 240, asi mushure dzokubudisa ikazara gangue .. Iye zvino, "Big Hole" ndiyo mudhamu rakagadzirwa ane kudzika mamita 40 chete.

The Kudeuka rakavhurika gomba madhaimani mugodhi

Diamond kuchera akatanga muna Russia pakati pezana remakore rapfuura pamwe pakuvhurwa muna 1954 dhipoziti "Summer mheni" riri parwizi Viluy, izvo vakasvika 32 hectares. Papera gore rechipiri kimberlite kwemangoda mutopota chakawanikwa Yakutia, iye ainzi "Rugare". Around munda uyu akakura kupinda muguta Mirny. To musi akataura kimberlite nyere (mapikicha kuchabatsira muverengi kufungidzira kukura ari dhipoziti nedhaimani) anonzi makuru munyika. basa udzamu iri 525 metres, uye dhayamita - 1,2? km. rakavhurika-gomba kwemangoda mugodhi kwakaregwa muna 2004. Panguva ino, kuvakwa pachivande yangu riri kuitwa zvinyatsobuda reserves asara, izvo rusesi yakazarukira nzira ngozi uye maturo. Maererano nezvokurara, kukura vaiona sepombi kuchapedza kanenge mumwe 30 makore.

Nhoroondo "Mir" kimberlite mutopota

Development munda wakange kuitwa utsinye okunze. Kuti kupaza permafrost, ndaifanira kuridza kukwira dombo Dynamite. Nechekare ari 60s remakore rapfuura yangu akapa 2 makirogiramu pakati mangoda pagore pamwe 20 muzana vavo tsamba chiwanikwa unhu akagura uye tapinda zvishongo muzvitoro sezvo mangoda. The zororo inoshandiswa maindasitiri zvinangwa. Kubva 1957 kusvika 2001, muna "Mir" matombo mined ngoda, zvachose mutengo iro vakasvika $ 17 bhiriyoni. Panguva iyi gomba wakashamira kuti nhumbi chokufambisa vane kupfuura 8 makiromita pachiso kusvikira pasi zononoka mugwagwa. Helicopters vaivawo zvaisambobvumirwa dzibhururuke pamusoro chinhu, sezvo guru mwena chete sucks ndege zvose. Akareba masvingo basa sezvo ngozi munyika chokufambisa, uye vanhu vari dzokubudisa: pane mukana mhoromhokwa. Nhasi, masayendisiti vari kugadzira chirongwa eco guta, iro zvinofanira iri imwe matombo. Nokuti gomba iri akaronga kufukidza ane translucent rising, izvo zvichaita gadza kwezuva aenzana. The inosvika yemberi zvirongwa guta Makakamura kupinda tiers: kumusoro - kusvikira nharaunda mupenyu, avhareji - kuumba paki nzvimbo, uye rezasi achava zvokurima.

mhedziso

Diamond kuchera kwakabvira kare. Sezvo itsva zvakawanwa uye Kuparadzwa nekusimba utungamiri akapfuura kutanga kubva kuIndia kusvika Brazil, uye ipapo - South Africa. Panguva iyoyo zvinoita ane nzvimbo aitungamirira chinzvimbo muna Botswana, nzvimbo yechipiri - Russia.