Goko The Earth rinoti: marongerwo mhando

Kunyange nhasi, apo yakagadzirwa zhinji zvekushandisa zvokushandisa, midziyo, achiri kuramba dzisingambosvikiki uye zvisinganzwisisiki nyika. Mumwe wavo vari mudumbu panyika. Watinofanira tsime munyika akachera pasi ari Kola Peninsula, wasvika pane udziku 12 km, ndiro chete 1/500 zviri nharaunda yacho nyika. All kuti masayendisiti kuziva pamusoro muura enyika, vachadzidza nokudzidza zvizivikanwe nemichina nzira. Nokufamba kuitika munguva kuzununguka mukati nyika, ayo vakapararira pamwero yakasiyana. Zvinozivikanwa kuti kumhanya kupararira kunobva arambe achirema uye Zvinoumba zvinhu. Zvichienderana kumhanya ari data, nyanzvi dzinogona kutowanikwa kududzira mashoko achipfuura paiva oscillation.

saizvozvo Vakawana kuti nyika rinosanganisira anoshongwa akawanda. Ndicho paNyika goko, nguvo, uye ipapo inotevera - the tsanga.

Last - kupfuura gobvu uye rinorema. Zvinonzi vaidavira kuti makirisito chinosanganisira simbi.

Nguo yacho membranes matatu ane mukuru vhoriyamu uye uremu. Inoitwa yakasimba, asi ichi hachisi gobvu sapamazuva core.

Uye pakupedzisira, enyika goko. Izvi goko rwokunze puraneti riri wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose zvikuru pane zvakapfuura. uremu Its asingaiti kupfuudza kunyange 1% youremu yose nyika. Pamusoro pemvura vanhu upenyu, zvinonzi abudisa kubva zvicherwa. Munzvimbo dzakawanda, goko iri rakapinda ne matsime uye zvimbambaira. Kuvapo kwavo akabvumira kuunganidza dombo ivhu, izvo zvakabatsira kuti rinotsanangura nemamiriro goko panyika.

A goko ine dombo, izvo, akavapindurawo, vari aumba kubva zvicherwa. Ivo vanoramba kunyange zvino kuumba mune akaturikidzana dzose goko, kunyange ayo nechepamusoro. Maererano ezvinhu umo pamatombo dzakaumbwa, vari akakamurwa:

1. Metamorphic. Ivo akaumba yakadzika iri pasi somugumisiro kunyanya kudziyisa uye compressing rimwe marudzi uye avo kutendeuka kupinda dzimwe mhuka. Somuenzaniso, muna machena kunochinja vanhuwo reraimu.

2. Sedimentary. Vari inoumbwa zvishoma nezvishoma kuunganidza pasi zvicherwa siyana. Sezvo iyi anononoka, sedimentary matombo kazhinji ine anoverengeka akaturikidzana.

3. Igneous. siyana dzavo jasi zvinhu, unomutswa overlying akaturikidzana uye chando ikoko. The kupfuura nomukurumbira wamatombo izvi - granite. Magma dzingave yakaumbwa chimiro uye agomuka pemvura. Ipapo mira kubva mumvura mhute uye magasi, uye ichichinja nemabota. Izlivshis, yaita chando pakarepo. Saka, somugumisiro munhu kuputika kuputika vakaumba igneous matombo. Izvi zvinosanganisira Somuenzaniso, basalt.

goko The pasi pasi mumakungwa uye makondinendi akaronga zvakasiyana. The huru Kusiyana murwiyo zvayo akaturikidzana uye ukobvu. On hwaro ichi, wakaparadzaniswa funga zvinotevera mhando pasi goko:

- Continental;

- ocean.

Nyanzvi dzinoti huru mhando akazviratidza zvikuru gare gare pasi pokudzora zvizivikanwe nemichina pezvakaitwa kuitika nyika yacho menyika. Shoma pakukora huru (kana Continental) goko - 35 km uye pasi makomo uye mamwe kwakadzikira zviri 75? Km. Kuumba dzayo nhatu akaturikidzana. Upper - nayo the rocks sedimentary. ukobvu Its - kubva 10 km kusvika 15 km. Kwozouya 5-15 kiromita rukoko girenayiti. Uye vokupedzisira - basalt. ukobvu Its - 10-35? km. Inoitwa zvikurukuru kuti basalt, uyewo yokucheka mapuranga, pedyo kuti kunyama ehupfumi.

Makemikari anoumba goko paNyika inogona tsunga bedzi aro okumusoro layer kudzika asingasvavi pfuura 20 km. Chinenge hafu inogarwa yakachena, 26% - nesilicon, vanenge 8% - aruminiyamu, 4.2% - simbi, 3.2% - karusiyamu pa 2.3% - magnesium uye potassium uye 2,2% - yavaibvisa. Kune vamwe zvine maatomu akafanana haasi kupfuura chimwe mugumi 1%.

Zvino, masayendisiti rakatanga pedyo kudzidza Oceanic goko uye Continental. Vakanga nheyo pamusoro pfungwa kutamira makondinendi, akatanga anopfuura zana adarika, Alfred Wegener, uye kuumbwa dzidziso yake nemamiriro rokunze goko panyika.