Sedimentary matombo

About 75% of pose pose akafukidza sedimentary matombo. chikamu ichi zvinosanganisira zvinopfuura hafu zvicherwa zvikaramba muura panyika. Vakanga zvikurukuru nezvezvandaifanira makondinendi, ari pasherefu uye Continental materu, uye chete anenge 15% uri pazasi munyanza.

Sedimentary matombo vari inoumbwa weathering zvinhu uye redeposition deposition fuma kudiwa zvine aqueous svikiro (dzimwe nguva munyika), uye chando pakuitika basa. Precipitation anogona kuitika nenzira dzakasiyana. Zvichienderana pezvawakaita, emit mapoka akasiyana-siyana sedimentary pamatombo:

- clastic - ndivo mugumisiro kunyanya mumuviri weathering, vaitamira kwaizotevera redeposition mashoko;

- colloidal sediments - vari aumba somugumisiro makemikari manyowa, aine paumbwe nokuda colloidal dambudziko ;

- chemogenic - inoumbwa kunayisa kubva aqueous mhinduro somugumisiro nemakemikari kana kunokonzerwa siyana zvinokonzera supersaturation mhinduro;

- nokukanganisika - mugumisiro nemakemikari kuitika chete chikamu zvipenyu;

- biogenic kana organogenic - mugumisiro nebasa zvipenyu.

Kazhinji kune zviratidzo tichibatanidza mapoka akasiyana-siyana sedimentary namatombo. The kupatsanura pamusoro rinotaura kuti munhu boka. Somuenzaniso, reraimu, izvo zvinogona clastic, organogenic, chemogenic kana nokukanganisika mavambo, ndohwavo nokukanganisika marudzi.

Maererano makemikari anoumba sedimentary mabwe zvakasiyana padombo igneous wezvamatongerwe guru nhamba yenhengo uye yakakwirira zvikuru Kusiyanisa. Izvi imhaka yokuti mashoko inotungamirwa yavo weathering zvibereko metamorphic, igneous uye vakura sedimentary matombo uyewo magasi ukaparadzawo dzinongoitika mvura chicherwa zvinoriumba, zvinenge, tsvina, zvibereko kuputika kwemakomo uye kunyange zvimedu meteorites (semuenzaniso, balls nickel simbi ). Uyezve, mune rwiyo kwavo kakawanda kungoda refu-anyangarika upenyu - Zvisaririra kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka. Kazhinji, zera iri makore Zvisaririra kwemarudzi pachavo, asi kune zvimwe yekare Organic redeposited residues.

Vamwe dzinoita (diatomite, nummulitovye uye dzakasiyana-siyana reraimu nevamwe) zvachose rinoumbwa zvipenyu (biomorphic) kana zvimedu dzavo (detritusovye). The biomorphic (tselnorakovinnyh) zvisaririra zvivako zviri kure mumwe nokusunga simende (brachiopod rakushnyaka) kana kunhonga pamusoro mumwe, pova unaku kukura (nekorari kana dzakasiyana siyana reraimu). Detritusovye Zvivako zviri achiumbwa mumvura isina kudzika pedyo chiito kuparadza nenyonganiso goko kana somugumisiro mano zvikara fragmenting kuti goko nechinangwa kugadzirwa kwezvokudya kurarama.

Sedimentary matombo kuumbwa sezvinotevera: kuparadzwa mubereki dombo vakaumba kutanga zvinhu, izvo kune mvura, mhepo kana mazitombo echando, uye ipapo iiswe pamusoro penyika nomumativi pasi mvura mumudziyo. Mugumisiro rinoumbwa dissimilar zvinoriumba precipitate, zvachose kana zvishoma zvakazara nemvura uye kuva friable uye porous marongerwo. precipitate ichi, dzakachinja nokufamba kwenguva - uye pane sedimentary dombo.

sedimentation kwacho kunoitika pasi pokudzora okunze uye tectonic utongi. In nyorovera ezvinhu (inopisa uye ine uma) okunze yakabereka silts, That, diatomite, caustobioliths (Tourism). Dzisinganayi (mufushwa) zvikamu anozivikanwa reraimu, gypsum, anhydrite, dombo munyu. The akapeta kumatunhu kuunganidza gobvu akaturikidzana pamusoro sedimentary yamatombo, dzinoratidzwa zvinhu zvakadai variability iri nzvimbo uye anoumba akasiyana-siyana detritus. On platforms nekusiyana, vari rakachengetedzwa stratum yakaderera simba matombo ane zvakawanda yakafanana Zvinoumba detritus.

Nokuti kuti mamiriro ezvinhu sedimentation kare Geological epochs zvaiva pedyo ano kana zvakadaro, pachishandiswa mashoko ari kuparadzirwa sedimentary mabwe ari panyika anogona anosikwa uye paleotectonic PALEOGEOGRAPHY panyika.