Wevhu - chii ichi? Chii vakasiyana porcelain zviumbwa?

Vanhu kubva kare akashandiswa zvaAtemisi faience ndiro nemikombe. Uye munyika yanhasi, kuumba anoonekwa anenge chinokosha. Kunyange zvazvo manyorero zvigadzirwa, avo kugadzirwa zvemichina ari dzichichinja, asi mashoko acho anoramba kuzochinja. Chii faience, uye chii chinoratidza zvakaita - edza kunzwisisa nyaya ino.

Chii chinonzi faience

Faience - zvokunyama vaitwa ndiro, mukati, kubva izvo mapurani okunze , etc. It kunoratidzwa fragility, arambe achirema uye porosity yakaisvonaka ... Zita iri zvinhu rinobva Italian muguta Faenza, akanga akakurumbira nokuda pagadzirwe zvedongo zvigadzirwa.

Earthenware dzinowanzotsigi- kushandiswa pakugadzira tableware, matkamuistoja uye siyana zvedongo zvipo. Zvidhori iyi mhando zvakasiyana porcelain Kupenya uye saturation mavara uye anotarisa nakisisa chaizvo. Kana tableware, kitchenware kuti porcelain kazhinji yakabereka nyore chimiro uye anotarisa muupenyu. Zviri akakwana kuti zvokudya zuva nezuva nyore tableware.

mhando wevhu

Zvichienderana murwiyo uye uwandu nouipi marudzi anoverengeka porcelain:

1. Calcareous wevhu - kunze Goldstone uye chena nevhu rinoumbwa choko uye dolomite. With yokuvirisa izvi zvigadzirwa dzinoitwa nyore uye dzichimhanya.
2. Soft wevhu - vari kuwedzera kwakajairika nziyo yakasiyana plavni - zvinhu izvo zvinoumba panguva chafariz kubudiswa fusible akakura.
3. Feldspar wevhu - rine imwe mari feldspar (rock-zvichiumba zvicherwa).
4. Hard vazviziva - ndicho chinonyanya vafuke zvinhu. zvigadzirwa zvakadaro matunhu zvemaziso ehupfumi. Obzhog hwakasimba wevhu rinopfuura panguva yakakwirira chaizvo tembiricha.

Nhoroondo wevhu

Vanhu aiziva faience, mumwe 4 zviuru. BC. e. Murwiyo wokutanga zvehari akaita siyanei kubva nhasi. In Mesopotamia neIjipiti zvevhu nyaya akagadzirwa Goldstone hurungudo doped pamwe pasoda madota, mhangura nesimbi mhangura.

Pave paya, wevhu akaonekwa Old World. Kutanga zvine inonzi majolica mune mamwe maguta wokuItaly. Ipapo porcelain zvibereko yepamusoro yakaitwa muFrance, muna Saint-Porsche.

MuRussia, faience vakawana mukurumbira munyika XVIII remakore. MuMoscow, fekitari rose kuti pagadzirwe zvedongo zvigadzirwa. Delftware kunodyira pakati vagari pane anomhanya pandaida uye akanakidzwa zvikuru mukurumbira. Products zvinomera zvakasiyana zvakasiyana. Saka, mwene manufactory Grebenshchikov aisiya ndiro iri nyoro enamel. Yevhu Association Kuznetsova akasiyana yechitema kuri pachimedu unhani, bhuku ruyamuro kana kudhindwa mufanidzo. Gzhel fekitari manufactures zvigadzirwa kunyanya zvitema, uyewo ndarama-kupendwa.

Konakovo faience

kubudirira zvikuru kugadzirwa porcelain zvigadzirwa akaita MS Kuznetsov, nevaitenga 1870 fekitari porcelain muna Konakovo. Iye yakabereka kunyanya wevhu mapatani ruoko-kupendwa kana kudhindwa. Pashure pemakore anenge 20, Kuznetsov akatanga kubudisa ndiro pamusoro polufayans, porcelain uye Ceramics. Sezvo makore 20s. XX remakore fekitari vakatanga kuita zvakanaka vemifananidzo uye vanatenzi kuti kupenda kusika mapatani yakanaka midziyo uye zvaakasika semhuka zvivezwa. mabasa avo vaiva kudiwa, izvo zvinozoita kuti pave pakuwedzera kugadzirwa.

Nokufamba kwenguva, vemifananidzo vakakwanisa kusika mumwe werudzii zvinhu zvayo: makemikari chimiro porcelain zvinhu kutamba vachifara uye zvakajeka kupendwa potechnyh kuri pachimedu. Konakovo faience aivigirwa kunyika dzakawanda. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinogadzirwa vakachengetedzwa kuti mazuva edu.

Semikarakorsk Ceramics

Semikarakorsk faience - yakajeka zvinoyevedza chakajairika Don nyika. Rostov nharaunda yakanga vachipa mukugadzira zvehari kubva munguva dzekare. Vazhinji zvakawanikwa pakuchera matongo zvinoratidza kuvapo artisanal potteries Semikarakorsk kubva chiKristu chisati chavapo.

Art Style Semikarakorsky wevhu zvinhu yepakutanga mifananidzo, buketno-maruva zvishongo, dzinongoitika zvikamu, munhoroondo motifs. Masters mu vanodhirowa ake vakakwanisa kuratidza kunaka uye simba mudunhu ravo, Don tsika, mudzimu Cossacks.

Nokuda mukuru padanho nounyanzvi Semikarakorsk faience munyika vanoona mabasa ounyanzvi.

Mhando rakaumbwa

Nhasi, anoda kusvika kwose kwose vaishandisa mudziyo. Izvi imhaka kwete chete kune ayo shoma cost, asi pamwe nyore kuita nyaya dzakadaro. The anowanzodanwa dzikabereka wevhu madhishi: mbiya, mahwendefa appetizers uye chikuru nezvirongo, yakadzika nemikombe, seledochnitsy, chinomirira chingwa uye chikanywa, mumuto, bouillon muto tureens uye vases, notumbiya nokuti inopisa zvinwiwa, mukaka zvirongo, mugs, munyu uye shuga. Kazhinji mazuva aya zvitoro unogona kuona zvakasiyana-siyana zvikuru mapurani zvinhu kubva faience, usina kukonekita, zvimbudzi. Home midziyo uchapupu hwakadaro hakusi chete pamusoro zvakanaka kuravidza muridzi, asiwo pamusoro wayo mari zvakanaka.

Sei crockery

Goldstone, refractory: zvinoriumba mbiri, anofanira kushandisa kusika wevhu chena nevhu. Muitiro mukugadzira zvedongo zvigadzirwa kunotanga rokupedzisira kurapwa. Saka, ichipfuta rinoitwa kakawanda nevhu gobvu ari kudziya 1050 ° C, panguva iyi, inofanira kushandura ruvara. Zvadaro pane imwe tembiricha kuti 950 ° C rinoshandiswa munhu yakajeka kana mavara kuri pachimedu. Panguva yokupedzisira Danho iri kuzodzosera vachiridzira. Somugumisiro akadaro kuona faience gobvu anoramba porous rwoshandiswa zvishongo mazano. Kana zvehari ari vanogumurwa mumwe tembiricha yakaderera, zvichava nani kuchengeta zvikuru underglaze pendi.

Saka, mashoko acho anoenda kuburikidza zhinji matanho kubudiswa, apo kugadzirira faience. Photo ndiro kugadzira muitiro zvinoratidza delicacy uyu muitiro.

utsanana faience

Mumakore achangopfuura yakawanda yakakurumbira utsanana wevhu. Kugadzirwa Its paruchaitika yakasiyana michina kupfuura zvaAtemisi ndiro kana zvivezwa. Kusika refu simba zvinhu zvinenge zvakazara rinokosha unhani zvigadzirwa. Zvakakodzera uye nokungwarira kushanda zvevhu pombi dzemvura kushumira nguva yakaringana ichi zvakafamba vachatarira zvakafanana panguva ndapa.

How kusiyanisa zviumbwa kubva China

Vazhinji havazivi musiyano porcelain kubva zvehari, uye kazhinji vakavhiringidzika, asi pakati pavo pane musiyano. Ceramic zvigadzirwa vari dzinoratidzwa vakaderera pane yakachenesesa kunonyanya rusvingo pakukora uye yakaderera simba. Finished zvinhu zviri kusiyaniswa wakatsetseka zvitarisiko. Crockery, zvichienzaniswa porcelain kutadza kuramba kupisa kwenguva refu. Uyezve, zvinhu zvakadai haagoni kukunda mukuru tembiricha. Kana ndiro kushambidzwa nemvura inopisa, rinogona kutsemuka. Naizvozvo, kakawanda kacho zviri zvikuru anoshanda kushandisa tableware rakagadzirwa porcelain.

Kuti tinzwisise tsime musiyano porcelain kubva zvehari, unogona kugadzira kuenzanisa zvinhu izvi zvinhu. Wokutanga musiyano unokosha - nyaya sonority. Zvinofanira kuva nyore kugogodza kumucheto ndiro. Porcelain inongorira refu uye akasiyana nokuimba. Panguva iyoyowo bhero faience thud.

Zvinogonekawo kuti kuziva faience uye kwokunze zvinhu. Midziyo dzakagadzirwa Ceramics hakuiti fambisa chiedza. Izvi imhaka yokuti zvigadzirwa dzinoridzwa panguva tembiricha nekaupenyu pasi. The chikuru Musiyano ndiyo anotsvedzerera pasi pose ndiro. Dzimwe nguva unogona kuona dimples duku, izvo kuumbwa panguva vachiridzira. Enzanisa pasi china nguva dzose hasha.

Yokuisira pamusoro crockery kunyatsokurudzira zvoupfumi kurapa naye uye kuongorora mamiriro ake ezvinhu. Kana makatsemuka vanoshandisa zvigadzirwa zvakadaro chisingadiwi, sezvo utachiona kupinda munzvimbo pores zvevhu uye kungakonzera kugadzira zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana.

Kutarisira faience

Kungofanana madhishi wevhu zvigadzirwa zvinoda chaizvo hanya. Tichitarisa zvose zvivako izvi zvinhu zvinokosha zvikuru kuomerera nemitemo kushanda, kuwedzera upenyu basa faience.

Chinonyanya kukosha utongi - kugeza midziyo porcelain chete mumvura inodziya uye sukurudza pachando. Kana mvura inopisa pamusoro midziyo vari vakaumba makatsemuka diki uye akaputsika zvinhu marongerwo.

Detergents, kunyanya Nezvakakuyiwa, zviri nani kushandisa. Kurerutsa chisvibiswe crockery inogona kushandiswa kugadzirisa kuti kubikira pasoda kana munyu uye vhiniga in nhamba 1: 1. Kunyanya zvinofanira kunyatsoongorora kutarisira nyaya nendarama. Chokwadi chokuti nhamba, ayo yakashongedzwa faience, glazed. Naizvozvo, pashure akadzokorora Washing kuramba dzakabatana. Kana gilding - zviri rinoshandisirwa pamusoro kuri pachimedu uye zvishoma nezvishoma akadzimwa nokugara kushandiswa. Saka, panzvimbo yakashongedzwa nendarama kupenda, haugoni varikwizire zvakasimba, zviri nani kushandisa nyoro kana jira chipanji. Bvisa echitema kubva rakaumbwa zvigadzirwa anogona nomucheka chakakanyiwa shoma amoniya.

Pasinei zvakanakira porcelain, vanhu vachiri kuramba kutenga mudziyo. Izvi zvinoita zvedongo vagadziri zvibereko zvigadzirwa zvitsva zvakasiyana-siyana zvinangwa.